Volume 104 · Issue 45 · 2024

The diagnosis and treatment of heart failure comorbidities present a significant clinical challenge, as these comorbidities significantly affect patient prognosis. The causes of heart failure comorbidities are complex, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Moreover, traditional heart failure management methods are inadequate in addressing these issues. Improving the management and treatment of comorbidities can significantly enhance patient quality of life and prognosis. This requires clinicians to have a comprehensive understanding of heart failure and its comorbidities and to be capable of devising effective treatment plans. Multidisciplinary management should be utilized to create individualized treatment plans for heart failure patients to better address the challenges of multiple comorbidities. Clinicians need to have a broad perspective and employ systematic approaches to improve treatment outcomes. This article emphasizes the importance of individualized and multidisciplinary management strategies in the treatment of heart failure comorbidities, aiming to provide a systematic solution to enhance patient quality of life and improve prognosis.

Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the PKLR gene, encoding erythrocyte pyruvate kinase, which affects erythrocyte energy production, and then in turn affects erythrocyte function and longevity. PKD is characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, and other features include chronic hemolytic complications, such as iron overload, decreased bone mineral density, and cardiopulmonary complications. The treatment of PKD requires individualized approach based on the patient′s condition, including red blood cell transfusions, pyruvate kinase activators, and treatment for complications. This consensus focuses on the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of PKD, and aims to provide better medical service for clinicians, such as diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and prevention of complications for PKD patients.

To investigate the clinical application value of 24-hour urinary aldosterone(UEA) in diagnosis and classification of primary aldosteronism(PA).

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 282 hypertensive patients admitted to the Endocrinology Department of Xiangya Third Hospital of Central South University from December 2020 to December 2023. Thirty-nine patients with secondary hypertension, included secondary hypertension caused by renal parenchymal hypertension, renal vascular hypertension, cortisol hypersecretion, pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, thyroid and parathyroid diseases and aortic diseases, were excluded. A total of 243 patients were finally included, including 130 males and 113 females, with the age of [M(Q₁,Q₃)]50.0(41.0, 56.5) years. The patients were divided into PA group (n=135) and primary hypertension group (n=108) based on the cause of hypertension. Plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and renin activity (PRA) were measured at 2 hour of standing position. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected for determination of aldosterone by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the value of 24-hour UEA and 24-hour UEA to renin ratio (UARR) in the screening of PA. Ninety-seven patients with PA subtypes identified based on adrenal vein sampling (AVS) and/or surgical pathology and postoperative follow-up results were enrolled. They were divided into unilateral primary hyperaldosteronism (UPA) group (n=54) and idiopathic hyper aldosteronism(IHA) group (n=43). ROC was drawn to evaluate the value of serum potassium, standing PAC, aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR), 24-hour UEA and UARR in the diagnosis of PA typing.

Serum potassium and PRA in PA group were lower than those in primary hypertension group (all P<0.01), while systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood sodium, urine potassium, PAC, ARR, UEA and UARR in PA group were higher than those in primary hypertension group (all P<0.05). The area under ROC curve for 24-hour UEA diagnosis of PA was 0.848(95%CI:0.799-0.897), the cut-off value was 8.42 μg/d, sensitivity and specificity were 99.3% and 59.3%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.986(95%CI:0.977-0.996), with sensitivity and specificity of 100.0% and 88.0%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of UARR was 0.988(95%CI: 0.980-0.997), the cut-off value was 20.3 (μg/d)/(ng·ml^-1·h^-1), sensitivity and specificity were 90.4% and 83.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference between UARR and ARR (P>0.05). Subgroup analysis shows that the areas under the ROC curves for the diagnosis of 24-hour UEA and UARR in differentiating UPA from IHA are 0.772(95%CI:0.679-0.865) and 0.664(95%CI:0.539-0.764), respectively. The sensitivity of 24-hour UEA>16.8 μg/d and UARR>135.0 (μg/d)/(ng·ml^-1·h^-1) to predict UPA was 59.3% and 61.1%, respectively, and the specificity was 86.0% and 74.4%, respectively.

Twenty-four-hour UEA can provide reference for clinical screening and diagnosis of PA. If combined with renin activity detection, it can provide screening value comparable to ARR. In addition, 24-hour UEA and UARR can be used as better predictors of PA typing diagnosis.

To analyze the relationship of gray matter volume and cortical thickness of auditory verbal hallucination in first-episode childhood-onset schizophrenia(COS).

Sixty cases of first-episode childhood-onset schizophrenia who were treated in the inpatient department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from October 2020 to February 2024 were collected(case group).Thirty-two healthy students from a primary and secondary school in Xinxiang city were the control group. According to the score of "auditory hallucination" on the positive symptoms scale (SAPS), the patients were divided into the non-auditory hallucination group(nAVH) (n=16, score 0-1) and the auditory hallucination group (AVH)(n=38, score 2-5). The severity of psychiatric symptoms of patients was evaluated using Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Resting-state MRI data was scanned for all subjects. REST software and FreeSurfer software was used for covariance analysis of gray matter volume and cortical thickness.Age and gender as covariates.

Finally, 54 case groups were included, including 16 cases in the non-auditory hallucination group, there were 8 males and 8 females, with an age of (12.9±1.7) years; in the auditory hallucination group, there were 16 males and 22 females, with an age of (13.1±1.5) years.There were Control group of 27 cases, 12 males, 15 females, with an age of (12.2±1.5) years. In the covariance analysis of gray matter volume showed that the brain regions with differences were mainly located in the left parahippocampal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, occipital lobe, precentral gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus; Right superior frontal gyrus, lingual gyrus, fusiform gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus(P<0.05, FDR correction).Post hoc tests found that compared with the control group, the cerebral areas with decreased gray matter volume in the AVH group were mainly located in the left superior temporal gyrus, hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, insula, inferior frontal gyrus;right superior temporal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, supramargal gyrus and transverse temporal gyrus(P<0.05, FDR correction). In the covariance analysis of Cortical Thickness showed that the brain regions with differences were mainly located in the left inferior parietal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, anterior central gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, Lateral orbitofrontal cortex, insular lobe, anterior cingutate, precuneus, right superior temporal gyrus, cuneiform gyrus, middle frontal gyrus(P<0.05, FDR correction).Post hoc tests found that compared with the control group, the cerebral areas with decreased cortical thickness in the the left postcentral gyrus, transverse temporal gyrus, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, superior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, insular lobe; right cuneiform gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus.The increased cortical thickness was found in the right anterior cingulate(P<0.05,FDR corrected). the nAVH group showed decreased cortical thickness areas mainly located in the left inferior temporal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, superior frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus; right cuneiform gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus. The rest showed no obvious abnormality, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05, FDR corrected).

The decreased gray matter volume and cortical thickness is found in multiple brain regions in with or without auditory verbal hallucination in first-episode childhood-onset schizophrenia. Consequently, abnormal gray matter structure may be associated with the pathogenesis of childhood schizophrenia.The abnormal structure of the left and right superior temporal grrus, right supramarginal gyrus, right anterior cingulate cortex may be related to the mechanism of auditory hallucination.

To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-IgG)-associated disease (MOGAD) with different MOG-IgG seroconversions, and to analyze the factors affecting the conversion.

Retrospective study. Patients diagnosed with MOGAD in the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2019 to April 2023 were included and the follow-up ended in May 2024. The clinical and imaging characteristics of MOG-IgG negative conversion group and non-negative conversion group were compared. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of MOG-IgG negative conversion.

A total of 51 patients were enrolled, including 23 males and 28 females, aged (38.3±16.4) years. There were 14 cases (27.5%) in the negative conversion group and 37 cases (72.5%) in the non-negative conversion group. The proportion of patients with initial serum MOG-IgG titer<1∶100 (10/14) and the proportion of patients with first attack (11/14) at the inception in the negative conversion group were higher than those in the non-negative conversion group [40.5% (15/37), 21.6% (8/37), P<0.05]. The annual relapse rate (ARR) of the negative conversion group was [M(Q₁, Q₃)]0 (0, 0.2) and was significantly lower than that of the non-negative conversion group 0.5(0.1, 1.0) (P=0.001). No spinal cord involvement was found in the clinical classification and imaging of the negative conversion group, and 7/14 of the optic nerve MRI was only involved in the intraorbital segment, which was higher than that of the non-negative conversion group [13.5%, (5/37), P=0.018]. The median follow-up time was 18.1 (14.3, 37.3) months, and the median time from initial onset to serum MOG-IgG negative was 4.5 (2.8, 11.5) months in the negative conversion group, two cases in the negative conversion group relapsed after continuous negative conversion, one case relapsed with MOG-IgG positive and the other with negative. The first attack at the inception (OR=86.788, 95%CI: 1.436-5 244.198, P=0.033) and the low initial serum MOG-IgG titer (OR=10.840, 95%CI: 1.239-94.845, P=0.031), the more likely MOG-IgG seroconversion would be negative.

Only the orbital segment of the optic nerve involvement without spinal cord involvement was more common in patients with MOG-IgG negative conversion. MOGAD patients with a first clinical attack and low initial MOG-IgG titer were more likely MOG-IgG seroconversion negative.

To investigate the characteristics of gastric electric rhythm in patients with obesity.

Obese patients who were scheduled to undergo weight reduction surgery in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2018 to February 2024 were prospectively included. According to body mass index (BMI), the patients were divided into mild-to-moderate obesity group (28 kg/m²≤BMI<40 kg/m²) and severe obesity group (BMI≥40 kg/m²). Patients who were going to complete electrogastrography (EGG) with normal BMI (18.5 kg/m²≤BMI<25 kg/m²), without upper gastrointestinal symptoms, gastrointestinal surgery history, and underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus were included as normal BMI group. The clinical data was recorded and EGG examination and analysis were performed. The gastric electric rhythm characteristics of patients were compared among the three groups. The correlation between BMI and gastric electric rhythm parameters was analyzed. The differences of EGG parameters between obese patients with diabetes mellitus and obese patients without diabetes mellitus were compared.

A total of 60 obese patients were included, including 25 males and 35 females, whose age were 18.0-59.0 (27.6±6.9) years old and BMI were (41.0±7.1) kg/m². There were 30 patients in mild-to-moderate obesity group and 30 patients in severe obesity group. Twenty-four patients were included in normal BMI group, including 11 males and 13 females, whose age were 21.0-42.0 (30.7±6.8) years old, and BMI were (22.7±3.1) kg/m², with no difference in age and gender compared with mild-to-moderate and severe obesity groups (both P>0.05). EGG results showed that the percentage of normal slow wave before meal (43.2%±20.0%, 37.0%±16.9%, respectively, vs 74.6%±13.6%), and the percentage of normal slow wave after meal (31.6%±13.8%, 28.5%±11.3%, respectively, vs 68.5%±14.4%) in the mild-to-moderate obesity group and the severe obesity group were significantly lower than those in the normal BMI group (all P<0.001). In the mild-to-moderate obesity group, the percentage of preprandial bradycardia [M (Q₁, Q₃), 3.4% (0, 15.2%) vs 0 (0, 0), P<0.001], preprandial tachycardia [0 (0, 3.3%) vs 0 (0, 0), P=0.014], postprandial bradycardia [13.3% (3.3%, 20.4%) vs 0 (0, 5.2%), P<0.001] were higher than those in the normal BMI group. In severe obese group, the percentage of preprandial bradycardia [9.4% (3.1%, 13.8%) vs 0 (0, 0), P<0.001], preprandial tachycardia[0 (0, 3.7%) vs 0 (0, 0), P=0.011], postprandial bradycardia [16.7% (7.4%, 20.0%) vs 0 (0, 5.2%), P<0.001] were all higher than those in the normal BMI group. The dominant power before meal [(57.9±12.6), (65.8±9.6), respectively, vs (46.4±4.9) μv] and after meal [(63.5±13.7), (68.3±12.6), respectively, vs (50.6±6.3) μv] in mild-to-moderate obesity group and the severe obesity group were higher than those in the normal BMI group (all P<0.001). The dominant power before meal in severe obesity group was higher than that in mild-to-moderate obesity group (P=0.008), but there were no statistically significant differences in other parameters between the two groups (P>0.017, corrected significance level α=0.017). In obese patients, the dominant power was positively correlated with BMI before and after meal (r=0.47, 0.34, respectively, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in gastric electric rhythm between obese patients with diabetes mellitus and obese patients without diabetes mellitus (P>0.05).

Patients with obesity have lower percentage of normal slow waves before and after meal, but increased percentage of preprandial bradycardia, tachycardia and postprandial bradycardia. The dominant power of patients with obesity before and after meals were increased, which is positively correlated with BMI.

To explore the therapeutic efficacies of three different doses of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (hucMSC-EXO) on the injury of intestinal barrier structure and dysfunction in severely burned rats, and to identify the optimal dose of hucMSC-EXO for the repair of intestinal barrier injury.

The hucMSC-EXO was isolated and identified by using an exosome extraction and purification kit. A total of 30 specific pathogen free (SPF) male Wistar rats (aged 6-8 weeks) were selected, and were randomly divided into five groups (n=6) using a random number table: sham group, burn group, burn+100 μg hucMSC-EXO group (Burn+EXO100), burn+200 μg hucMSC-EXO group (Burn+EXO200), and burn+400 μg hucMSC-EXO group (Burn+EXO400). The rats were immersed in 94 ℃ water, with the dorsal area exposed for 12 seconds and the ventral area for 6 seconds, to establish a 50% total body surface area (TBSA) third-degree burn model. The sham group rats were subjected under the same condition but with a 37 ℃ water bath. On day 1, 3, and 5 post-burn, the rats in sham group and burn group received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml phosphate buffered solution, and those in Burn+EXO100, Burn+EXO200, and Burn+EXO400 groups received intraperitoneal injections of 100, 200, and 400 μg/0.5 ml hucMSC-EXO, respectively. The activity of rats was observed and the weight was recorded daily. On day 7, the small intestine tissues and serum of the rats were collected. Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the small intestinal tissues, and the levels of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of small intestine tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of diamine oxidase, D-lactic acid and bacterial endotoxin in serum were detected by intestinal barrier function biochemical analysis system.

The morphology of hucMSC-EXO was observed to be round or oval, with uniform size and a peak diameter of approximately 100 nm, expressing positive markers CD63 and TSG101. In the sham injury group, the rats′ body weight increased by approximately (6.3±1.2) g/day, whereas in the burn group, the body weight significantly decreased on the first day post-injury and then gradually increased at a rate of (1.6±0.5) g daily. In contrast, the body weight of the Burn+EXO100, 200, and 400 groups increased at a rate of (2.9±1.1) g daily. By day 7 post-injury, the body weight in the Burn+EXO200 and Burn+EXO400 groups were significantly higher than those in the burn group and the Burn+EXO100 group (all P<0.05). HE staining showed that the villus height in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) of the burn group [(711±35), (526±25), (418±33) μm] was significantly reduced with severe structural damage, while the small intestine structure and villus height in the EXO-treated groups showed varying degrees of recovery. The villus height in the Burn+EXO200 group [(1 050±40), (798±30), (609±29)μm, respectively] and burn+EXO400 group [(1 102±46), (830±28), (625±33)μm, respectively] recovered significantly (all P<0.05). ELISA results indicated that the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and LPS in the burn group [(29.3±1.7), (81.2±2.5), (582.4±36.9), (22.1±0.6), (366.8±15.9)ng/L, respectively] were elevated, while those were significantly reduced in the EXO-treated groups, with Burn+EXO200 group [(17.9±1.0), (58.2±2.3), (206.6±38.7), (8.9±1.0), (94.9±7.3)ng/L, respectively] showing the most significant reduction (all P<0.05). The level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was elevated in the burn group [(293.4±16.0) ng/L], and it was significantly increased in the burn+EXO100, 200, and 400 groups [(591.8±40.7), (672.5±53.7), (712.5±36.2)ng/L, respectively] (all P<0.05). Assessment of intestinal barrier function showed that serum diamine oxidase in the burn group decreased, while D-lactate and bacterial endotoxin increased. The EXO-treated groups demonstrated significant improvement in diamine oxidase, D-lactate, and bacterial endotoxin levels, with Burn+EXO200 group showing the most significant effect (all P<0.05).

In this study, hucMSC-EXO was successfully isolated, extracted, and identified. An intraperitoneal injection of 200 μg of hucMSC-EXO demonstrates the most effective repair of intestinal structure and function in rats with severe burn injuries.

To assess the efficacy and safety of genicular artery embolization (GAE) in the management of pain secondary to knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Wanfang databases to collect literatures related to KOA, GAE and therapeutic effects. The search period was from the inception of the databases to July 2024. Literature screening and data extraction were carried out independently by two researchers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quality of the included literature was assessed using the methodological index for non-randomized studies. Data extracted included visual analog scale (VAS) scores, total western ontario and mcmaster universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) scores, and the incidence of adverse events, followed by a meta-analysis using STATA 15.1 software.

A total of 11 papers involving 332 patients (419 knees) from 11 studies were included according to the Na-row criteria. The technical success rate was 100%. The standardized mean differences of VAS scores at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively were -2.42(95%CI:-2.89--1.95), -2.44(95%CI:-2.94--1.93), -2.57(95%CI:-3.13--2.01), and -2.60(95%CI:-3.37--1.84), respectively, all showing decreases (all P<0.001); the weighted mean difference of WOMAC total score at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery were -24.44(95%CI:-29.13--19.75), -28.30(95%CI:-31.47--25.12), -30.66(95%CI:-32.94--28.37), and -34.23(95%CI:-44.39--24.07), all showing decreases (all P<0.001). The incidence of adverse events mainly included skin color changes of 16.4%(95%CI: 5.5%-31.0%, P<0.001) and hematoma at the puncture site 3.8%(95%CI: 1.1%-7.6%, P<0.001), with the majority being mild and self-resolving.

GAE treatment for KOA secondary pain has good efficacy and safety, providing a new treatment option for KOA patients as a minimally invasive procedure.

To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with Fabry disease (FD) and the potential influencing factors, as well as to analyze the main factors affecting the quality of life (QOL) of FD patients. The clinical data of 21 adult FD patients who were hospitalized and treated at the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, including questionnaire data from 17 of these patients. The total score of the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) was used to determine the QOL. The patient′s average age was (42±9) years, including 13 males (61.9%). All patients belonged to 17 families and had a total of 14 gene mutation types. The c.640-801G>A mutation was the most common type, found in 4 patients (19.0%), with cardiac damage as the primary manifestation. The c.901C>T mutation led to lesions in the heart, brain, and kidneys, and early onset and severe phenotypes were detected in female patients. Male patients had lower total SF-36 scores than females (P<0.05). Patients with proteinuria, stroke, hypohidrosis/anhidrosis, and cardiac insufficiency had lower total SF-36 scores compared with those without these symptoms (all P<0.05). The current study indicates that the clinical phenotypes of patients with FD are influenced by a combination of gender, genotype, and non-genetic factors, and gender and clinical symptoms serve as the primary factors affecting patient′s QOL.

This study was to investigate the clinical features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with concurrent acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and analyze the occurrence of in-hospital adverse events. Patients with AMI who were admitted to Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from January 2019 to August 2023 were retrospectively collected. All patients were divided into COPD with concurrent AMI group and simple AMI group according to whether they were with concurrent COPD. All patients received interventional treatment for AMI. The clinical features and the occurrence of in-hospital adverse events were compared between the two groups. A total of 183 AMI patients aged (65.6±13.6) years were enrolled, including 142 males (77.6%). There were 94 patients (51.4%) in simple AMI group and 89 patients (48.6%) in COPD with concurrent AMI group, respectively. Patients in COPD with concurrent AMI group were older, had higher Killip grade, rate of smoking and previous percutaneous coronary intervention history, creatinine and B-type natriuretic peptide levels, and lower albumin, hemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, white blood cell count and cardiac troponin I than those of simple AMI group (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in echocardiographic parameters between the two groups (all P>0.05). The proportion of β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-blockers used in COPD with concurrent AMI group was lower (P<0.05). Patients in COPD with concurrent AMI group had longer length of hospital stay than those in simple AMI group (P=0.028). The incidence of primary endpoint events in COPD with concurrent AMI group was higher than that in simple AMI group (27.0% vs 18.0%, P=0.002). The current study indicates that COPD patients with concurrent AMI have longer length of hospital stay and higher incidence of in-hospital events, which are worthy of significant attention in clinical practice.

This article reports a case with skin rash, disturbance of consciousness and fever as clinical features. The patient, a 37-year-old man, was previously in good health. In November 2019, a rash on his right lower limb was found, and the scope gradually expanded. There was no improvement after treatment in other hospitals. In June 2021, he suffered from sudden disorder of consciousness. MRI of the head in other hospitals showed that the left frontal lobe occupied space, and glioma was surgically resected. Postoperative pathology showed granulomatous inflammation. Considering the possibility of tuberculosis infection, the other hospital gave anti-tuberculosis treatment for more than 2 months, but the condition continued to progress. On October 18, 2021, he was transferred to Peking Union Medical College Hospital for treatment, and was diagnosed with baboon Barramshia amoebic encephalitis (BAE) by 2 cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic sequencing. Despite active treatment, the disease progressed rapidly due to delayed diagnosis, and eventually died. BAE is extremely rare in clinical practice, with a mortality rate of more than 90%. This article aims to improve clinicians' understanding of this disease and reduce misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis.

This paper reports a patient with periodic fever after high intensity focused ultrasound ablation (HIFU) treatment of uterine fibroids. This patient was a 35-year-old female, whose main clinical characteristics were fever at each menstrual cramps and fever decreased at the end of menstruation. Because the empirical use of "cephalosporins" antibacterial drugs is not effective and the fever is self-limiting, it has been misdiagnosed as "non-infectious fever". After detailed analysis of the characteristics of the disease, combined with imaging findings and previous plasma metagenomic sequencing results, the patient was proposed to diagnose uterine intermuscular abscess (Enterococcus faecalis may be), and the patient was treated with oral linezolid 600 mg twice a day for 8 weeks. The patient was cured and was followed up for 3 months without recurrence.

Iron deficiency is one of the common comorbidities of heart failure and is associated with decreased exercise tolerance and poor prognosis. However, the prevalence, prognostic impact and treatment of iron deficiency in different types of heart failure are still controversial. This article reviews the definition, pathophysiological mechanism, epidemiological status and treatment progress of heart failure complicated with iron deficiency. It is pointed out that iron supplementation therapy can bring benefits, especially for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), which has been recommended by heart failure guidelines at home and abroad, but the advantages and disadvantages need to be carefully weighed; Oral iron application has limitations and current evidence does not support its use in patients with heart failure. In the future, attention should be paid to the screening of iron deficiency, especially to clarify the benefits of iron supplementation therapy for patients with heart failure (HFpEF) with preserved ejection fraction, and accurately identify the phenotypes of patients with heart failure to determine which ones are more likely to benefit from iron supplementation therapy.

The name of Zhang Fengjiang, Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, is incorrect in the list of consensus expert group in the Chinese Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Glioma published in pages 3478~3489 of Chinese Medical Journal, Issue 37, 2024, and should be Zhang Fengjiang. It is hereby corrected.