2024年 · 第104卷第06期

Recurrent miscarriage is when a woman has two or more consecutive spontaneous miscarriages with the same sexual partner. The vaginal microbiome refers to the microbial community present in the vagina, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, among others. Past studies have shown that an imbalance in the vaginal microbiome may be associated with pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of the vaginal microbiome in patients with recurrent miscarriage is of great significance for revealing its etiology and finding potential treatments.

In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized the standard molecular typing of endometrial cancer (EC), including POLE hypermutant (POLE mut), mismatch repair deficient (MMRd), p53 mutant (p53 abn) and non-specific molecular profiling (NSMP), and emphasized the importance and convenience of p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods to distinguish p53 abn from NSMP. Abnormal p53 IHC staining patterns including "overexpression", "complete deletion" and "cytoplasmic expression" of p53 in tumor cells. Specific regions within the tumor showed aberrant p53 IHC staining, while the remaining tumors showed wild-type p53 expression, known as a "subclonal" pattern of aberrant p53 expression, in which sequencing analysis did not always identify TP53 mutations in tumors of this pattern.

The International Union of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) has combined molecular typing in 2023 Endometrial Cancer Staging, highlighting the significance of molecular typing for the diagnosis, treatment and prognostic value of endometrial cancer (EC). There are data showing that about 20% of newly diagnosed cases of EC occur in premenopausal women, and surgical treatment may pose a potential risk to fertility in these patients. Predicting the responsiveness and subsequent recurrence of EC or endometrial dysplasia (AEH) to progesterone by pathological and clinical factors is an area of current interest.