Volume 46 ·  Issue 04 ·  2010

Ophthalmic pathology is not only a golden standard in diagnosing ocular tumors,but also provides the effective and fast creteria for evaluating the completeness of excision.The development of pathological biopsy in minimally invasive operation and targeted therapy facilitates the application of molecular pathology,and then,stimulates the development of pharmacopathology and targeted diagnostic pathology.After the application of these novel procedures into the treatment of ocular turnouts,the pathologists are required to take part in the tumor treatment,and it also demands higher level ophthalmic pathologists and ocular tumor experts.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a diagnostic method in the pathology,it is widely used because it is a safe and simple procedure for both patients and doctors.However,FNAB has not been used frequently in the diagnosis of ocular disease in China.The reason is that the diagnosis of eye diseases (except the tumors) is depended on the physical examination and not on the pathologic examination in most clinical ophthalmologists.Furthermore,the pathological biopsy has not been a routine procedure in ophthalmic diagnosis.The key point of this article is to arouse the recognition of eye doctors,to pay more attention to use the pathological biopsy procedure in the diagnosis of eye diseases.The FNAB is a very useful and helpful diagnostic method in the field of ophthalmology.

The 14th International Congress on Ophthalmic Oncology was held in Cambridge, England from September 8 to 12, 2009. The conference attracted more than 300 experts from different countries to exchange and discuss the basic research progress of ophthalmic oncology, including orbital, eyelid and ocular surface tumors, uveal tumors, retinal tumors, intraocular lymphoma and TNM (T represents primary tumor, N represents lymph node metastasis, and M represents distant metastasis). Representatives from 34 countries and regions attended the conference, including 7 well-known professors giving special lectures, 217 delegates giving conference lectures, and 69 delegates giving case reports. A total of 301 papers were exchanged.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features,diagnostic methods and treatment of recurrent orbital dermoid cysts.Methods In a retrospective study,the records of 30 consecutive cases with recurrent orbital dermoid cyst confirmed by pathologic examination were analyzed with special attention to the case histories,recurrent factors,clinical manifestations,imaging findings,treatment and prognosis.Results In the present series,the interval from first appearance in our institute to the operation ranged from 1 month to 36 years,with a median of 2.5 years.Once,twice and three times of operation history were noted in 20 cases,9 cases and 1 case,respectively.The clinical characteristics included:periorbital masses with red swelling and tenderness in 16 cases,cutaneous fistulas in 4 cases,ectropion and adherence of upper lid in 4 cases.The risk factors for the recurrence included the incomplete excision the cyst or residual of the cyst wall in the bone sutures in 16 cases,misdiagnosis as subcutaneous mass leading to inappropriate operations in 11 cases,operation without imaging examinations in 8 cases,etc.CT scan was performed in allcases,which showed dermoid cysts with hypodensity or isodensity.The common imaging signs included dumbbell dermoid cysts located near the zygomaticofrontal suture in 8 cases,slender and circuitous tunnel within the orbital wall in 6 cases,and extensive and wavy impression of the bony walls in 6 cases.Surgical excision was performed in 28 cases and conservation therapy was used in 2 cases.Cystic content and wall were removed thoroughly during the operation.Follow-up ranged from 1 to 9 years and no recurrence or serious complications were noted.Conclusions The recurrence of orbital dermoid cysts is correlated with various factors.The importance of recognition of clinical features and imaging findings of this tumor should be emphasized.With the guide of imaging examinations and the combination of various surgical skills,the recurrence of dermoid cysts could be prevented efficiently.

Objective To study the clinical characteristic features and the treatment of ocular adnexal lymphoma.Methods Between 1996 to 2008,the clinical and imaging features,histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects,prognosis and results of treatments in 32 patients with ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed.Results This group included 22 males and 10 females.The ages ranged from 23 to 74 years and the average age was 64.1 years.Number of tumors located in the conjunctiva,the orbit and the lacrimal apparatus was 18/32 (56.3%);9/32 (28.1%) and 5/32 (15.6%),respectively.B ultrasound examination showed hyperechoie masses (28.1% ,9/32),and the echo was not uniformed (84.4% ,27/32).CT examination showed a medium (43.8±10.7)HU and uniform density (84.6%,22/26).The signal patterns in MRI tended to be isointense in T1-,T2-weighted imaging (66.67%,6/9;88.89%,8/9).After image examination,all of the 32 cases underwent surgical resection combined with radiotherapy.These cases were followed up from 1 to 12 years.The relapse rate was 12.5%.Conclusions Image examination is useful for the diagnosis of ocular adnexal lymphoma.Pathologic and immunohistochemical examinations can confirm the diagnosis of ocular adnexal lymphoma.MALT lymphoma has a good prognosis after surgical resection combined with radiotherapy.

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestation of primary extraocular muscles tumors and to study the diagnosis and therapy of this disorder.Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of all primary extraocular muscles tumors (the diagnosis was confirmed by operation and pathological examination) in our hospital.Results There were 9 cases of primary extraocular muscle tumors.Six cases involved the internal rectus,2 cases involved the external rectus,1 case involved beth inferior rectus and inferior oblique.Three cases involved the total length of the muscle;2 cases involved the anterior muscle tendon and belly,3 cases involved the posterior muscle tendon and belly,1 case involved the muscle belly only.There were 3 cases of venous hemangioma,2 cases of fibroangioma,2 cases of neurilemoma,1 case of fibrous histiocytoma and 1 case of paraganglioma.Image examination showed significant enlargement of extraocular muscle with clear boundary.B-scan ultrasonography,color Doppler flow image,CT and MRI scan showed different features.Patients were treated by excision of the tumor.Transplantation of the rectus was performed in several cases after the excision of the muscle.Conclusions Vascular tumors are the most common type of primary extraocular muscle tumors.Congestion and swelling can be observed at the insertion of the rectus.The eyeball is proposed and moved to the opposite side of the affected muscle.Changes in the image analysis are related to the pathologic features.A good therapeutic results can be achived by surgical excision of the tumor.

Objective To improve the knowledge of clinical and pathological features of conjunctival melanoma,in order to have an early diagnosis and treatment.Method Retrospective cases analysis.The clinical and pathological features of 26 cases of conjunctival melanoma were analyzed.These cases were treated from May in 1985 to June in 2007 in Tianjin Eye Hospital.Routine pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of S-100 and HMB-45 were performed.Results The mean age was 53.4 years and ranging from 30.0-83.0 years.In these cases,11 cases arose from primary acquired melanosis (PAM),8 cases from conjunctival nevi or melanocytoma and 7 cases occurred de novo.Fourteen cases involved tarsal and bulbar conjunctiva,6 cases involved bulbar conjunctiva only,4 cases involved tarsal conjunctiva only and 2 cases were located at the limbus.Twenty two cases were epitheloid-cell-type melanoma,4 cases were mixed-cell-type melanoma.There were 3 amelanotic melanomas,the tumor cells were positively stained with S-100 and HMB-45.The follow-up period was 1-18 years postoperatively in 14 cases.Among them,12 cases showed 1-3 recurrences,3 cases with preauricular lymph node metastasize,1 cases with preauricular and submandibular lymph nodes metastasize;and 4 cases died from systematic extension or hepatic metastasis.Conclusions Conjunctival melanoma mainly arises from malignant transformation of PAM or conjunctival nevi and consists of epitheloid melanatic tumor cells.The neighbor intraepithelial invasion and recurrence are common,particularly in diffuse type of tumors or tumors arising from PAM.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of customized combined therapy for retinoblastoma.Methods Retrospective case series.Twenty nine patients (40 eyes) with retinoblastoma were accepted customized combined therapy between Jan.2005 and Dec.2007 in our hospital.The combined therapy included chemoreduction using vincristine,etoposide,and carbeplatin (VEC) combined with local cryotherapy and/or transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT).The average follow-up duration was 38 months and ranging from 12 to 50 months.Results Twenty five patients had bilateral retinoblastoma,4 patients had unilateral retinoblastoma.The stages of 40 eyes were classified according to the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification,14 eyes (35%) were group A,9 eyes (22.5%) were group B,4 eyes (10%) were group C,10 eyes (25%) were group D,and 3 eyes (7.5%) were group E.Seventeen eyes had vitreous and/or subretinal seeds.The overall globe preservation rate was 75% (30/40) ;and was 100% (14/14) in group A,100% (9/9) in group B,75% (3/4) in group C,40% (4/10) in group D and 0% (0/3) in group E.A progressive decrease of globe preservation rate was observed in eyes with advanced stages.Tumor recurrence was detected in 4 eyes after chemoreduction,leading to the enucleation.Ten eyes were enucleated in the present series,with 1 eye in group C,6 eyes in group D and 3 eyes in group E.None of 29 patients died during the follow-up.No patients had any serious side effect of chemotherapy such as leucocythemia.Conclusions The customized combined therapy can effectively preserve certain patients' eyeballs and even obtain useful visual function.The International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification is useful in the clinical management of retinoblastoma.

Objective To study the pathological characteristics of retrolental membranes (RLMs)secondary to persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV),and to discuss the possible pathogenesis of PHPV.Methods Experimental study.Six RLMs obtained from six patients with PHPV during vitrectomy were examined by light microscopy (HE & PAS staining).All of them were observed with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining,together with collagen Ⅰ,factor Ⅷ related antigen,smooth muscle actin (SMA) ,epithelial membrane antigen (EMA),neuron specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining.Apoptosis were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL).Results Light microscopy showed that the RLM was a dense connective tissue with numerous inflammatory cells including mast cells and lymphocytes.PAS staining showed that RLMs contained a larger amount of polysaccharides.Histopathology and immunohistochemistry showed that there were vascular channels,smooth muscle cells,nervous cells and epithelial cells scattered in RLMs.Collagen Ⅰ was the main component of RLMs.PCNA-positive nuclei were widely found in RLMs.TUNEL-positive nuclei were also found in all RLMs,as well as in the posterior subcapsular epithelial cells of lens.Conclusions The cell types of RLMs secondary to PHPV are similar to those of the primary vitreous.It is possible that the mechanism of the progression of RLMs is the overdevelopment and incomplete regression of the retrolental vascular system.Inflammation may play an important role in the regression of RLMs.

Objective To compare the pathologic changes,the recurrence rate and the ocular surface damage after 4 different types of pterygium surgical procedures.Methods It is a prospective study.From Mar.2006 to Mar.2008,84 patients (93 eyes) from Shi Jia-zhuang Center Hospital were selected and separated into 4 groups as follows,simple excision group,24 patients (27 eyes) ;excision with conjunctival allograft group,21 patients(22 eyes) excision with autologous limbus stem cell transplantation group,18 patients (20 eyes) and excision with mitomycin (MMC) group,21 patients (24 eyes).Slit lamp microscope examination and impression cytology were performed 1 day before the surgery and repeated 30 and 90 days after the surgery.Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze these data with statistical software SPSS 11.0.P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Before the surgery,slight conjunctival epithelium keratinization,mild acantholysis and decrease in goblet cells density were identified in all patients(248.8 ±97.3,256.2 ±75.1,236.1 ±87.9,245.1 ±81.0;F=0.029,P =0.993).All of these changes decreased 1 month after the surgery.MMC group showed more goblet cells than the other 3 groups,but the difference was not statistically significant (F = 0.747,P = 0.554).Three months after the surgery,all of these changes in MMC group(112.1 ±56.8) were significantly more severe than those in other 3 groups (309.6±77.0,314.1 ±68.9,317.4 ±73.1;F = 6.337,P =0.017) and no difference could be detected between these 3 groups.There were 5 recurrences in simple excision group,3 recurrences in MMC group,1 recurrence in stem cell transplantation group and none in conjunctival allograft group.Conclusions There are fewer recurrent cases in conjunctival allograft group and stem cell transplantation group than the others.Severe ocular surface damage is present in MMC group.

Objective To compare spherical aberration,visual quality and apparent accommodation between pseudophakic patients with an aberration-free aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) and patients with a spherical IOL Methods A prospective study of 130 consecutive cases (132 eyes) was conducted.All cataract patients underwent phacoemulsification were randomized to receive an aberration-free aspheric IOL (Akreos AO,Bausch & Lomb) or a spherical IOL (KS-1,Cannon Staar).Spherical aberration of total eye,best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ,near visual acuity (NVA) ,contrast sensitivity,glare sensitivity and apparent accommodation were measured.Data were analyzed using chi-square test and independent t-test.Results The mean spherical aberration in eyes with a Tecnis IOL[(0.141 ±0.070) μm]was significantly lower than that of eyes with a spherical IOL[(0.210 ± 0.108) μm;t = 4.365,P = 0.000].In addition,Akreos AO IOL provided a better contrast sensitivity at 2.5° visual angle (30.62 ± 12.50 vs.25.92 ±7.36;t=2.606,P =0.010),and improved glare sensitivity at 4.0° (31.25 ±8.65 vs.26.70 ±7.98;t =3.116,P=0.002),2.5° (26.35±8.72 vs.22.43 ±7.35;t =2.772,P=0.006) and 1.6° (12.35 ± 4.01 vs.9.82 ± 4.12;t = 3.553,P = 0.001) visual angles.The difference of BCVA,NVA and apparent accommodation between these two groups was not statistically significant Conclusion The present results demonstrated that an aberration-free aspheric IOL,Akreos AO,may reduce the spherical aberration and improve visual performance of pseudophakic eyes and without negative influence on apparent accommodation as compare to conventional spherical IOL.

Objective To measure tilt and decentration of four different kinds of aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs) with Scheimpflug imaging systems after cataract surgery.Methods One hundred and thirty eyes undertaken cataract surgery and IOLs implantation,including four different kinds of aspheric IOLs[1-piece hydrophilic acrylic IOLs (Akreos AO,Bausch & Lomb) ;3-piece acrylic IOLs (Tecnis9003,AMO) ;1-piece acrylic IOLs (SN60WF,Alcon) and 1-piece hydrophilic acrylic IOLs (920H,Rayner)]and 3-piece acrylic spherical IOLs (AR40e,AMO),were retrospectively reviewed.Tilt and decentration of IOLs were measured using Scheimphlug system (Pentacam,Oculus) and analyzed with Image-pro plus 6.0 software.Results Except tilt of AR40e group,the vertical and horizontal tilt and decentration for other groups did not differ significantly.The mean IOL tilt in AO,Z9003,IQ,920H,AR40e was 2.08° 2.58° 1.72°1.81°and 3.22°.respectively,which showed statistically significant differences (F =4.511,P =0.003).The mean IOL decentration in AO,Z9003,IQ,920H and AR40e was 0.04,0.24,0.25,0.19 and 0.18 mm,respectively,which showed significant difference in vertical direction (F =4.162,P =0.047).The average tilt significantly correlated with amount of decentration in Z9003 IOL (r = -0.517,P = 0.034) .Conclusion In different types of aspheric IOL implanted within the capsule,tilt and decentration in 1-piece and 4-point haptic IOL are less than those in 3-piece and 2-point haptic IOL.

Objective To investigate the distribution of corneal Q-value in the age-related cataract patients and aspherical features of cornea before and after the phacoemulsification (PHACO).Methods Thirty-nine eyes of 30 age-related cataract patients in our department were included.Transparent cornea incision at the temporal cornea was applied for patients with cornea astigmatism ＜ 1.00 D and transparent cornea incision at the maximum curvature meridian for patients with cornea astigmatism ≥1.00 D in PHACO.All patients were followed up to 3 months,corneal Q-value,comeal curvature,astigmatism were examined before and after PHACO,distribution of corneal Q-value and their correlation factors were analyzed.Results The mean comeal Q-value before and after the PHACO was -0.07 ±0.22 and -0.11 ±0.16,respectively.There was no statistical difference between the corneal Q-values before and after surgery (t = 1.14,P = 0.26).The mean of comeal curvature before and after the PHACO was (44.6 ±1.92)D and (44.70 ± 1.47) D,respectively.There was no statistical difference between comeal curvature before and after the operation (t = -0.69,P =0.50).The corneal Q-value was negatively co-related with comeal curvature before the surgery (r = - 0.46,P = 0.003).The mean astigmatism power before and after the HACO was (0.67±0.43)D and (0.66 ±0.42)D,respectively.There was no statistical difference between astigmatism power before and after the surgery (t = -0.24,P =0.82).There was no relationship between the comeal Q-value and astigmatism power before surgery (r = - 0.24,P = 0.14).Conclusions The comeal Q-value of aged patients is in normal distribution,is negative in the majority,and showed a negative relationship with comeal curvature.There is no statistical difference between the comeal Q-value,comeal curvature,and astigmatism power before and after PHACO surgery.

In early August 2008, her family accidentally discovered a red mass in the white of her left eye, so she went to a local hospital for treatment. On August 29, 2008, she underwent mass resection. Pathological examination considered it to be "benign fibrous histiocytoma of sclera of left eye". One month after operation, it was found that the lesion recurred and grew rapidly, so she went to the Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University for treatment.

The patient was a 57-year-old male who came to the clinic for more than 20 years of progressive exophthalmos on the right side and 10 years of decreased visual acuity. In 1993, he had an ocular B-ultrasound and found that the retrobulbar occupied space, but he was not treated for fear of surgery. No abnormalities were found in the whole body physical examination. Ocular examination showed that the left eye was normal. The visual acuity of the right eye was 30 cm in front of the eye (helpless in correction), and the right eyeball protruded forward and shifted upwardly. The exophthalmometer measurement showed that the right eye was 23 mm, the left eye was 16 mm, and the orbital distance was 106 mm. The right eyeball did not rotate inward and downward enough, and the tumor could be palpable under the orbit, with clear boundary, elasticity and push.

Cataract is a common ocular complication of atopic dermatitis, but there are few domestic reports of atopic dermatitis combined with cataract. The clinical data of one patient diagnosed and treated in the Department of Ophthalmology of Beijing Friendship Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University are reported as follows.

Solitary choroidal hemangioma is a benign vascular hamartoma, most of which are not associated with systemic lesions, and often see a doctor due to exudative retinal detachment involving macula, visual acuity decrease or visual distortion, and a few patients are found during routine fundus examination.In 2009, we treated a patient with extensive retinal detachment secondary to solitary choroidal hemangioma and retinal neovascularization. The diagnosis and treatment are reported as follows.

morning glory syndrome (MGS) is a rare and special congenital papillary dysplasia. Patients with this disease can be combined with other congenital ocular abnormalities, but there are few literature reports of acute angle-closure glaucoma attacks. In October 2008, a patient with MGS combined with acute angle-closure glaucoma and moderate to high myopia was admitted to our hospital. The special feature of this case is that the acute angle-closure glaucoma attack occurred in the right eye of MGS with relatively long axis, but the left eye with relatively short axis did not occur.

With the widespread use of contact lenses and the improvement of clinical diagnosis ~ ([1]), the incidence of Acanthamoeba keratitis is increasing year by year, but there is no effective drug for clinical treatment, the therapeutic effect is poor, and the course of disease is long. As an effective means for the treatment of early Acanthamoeba keratitis, lamellar keratoplasty can not only control infection, shorten the course of disease, improve vision, but also significantly reduce immune rejection after keratoplasty ~ ([2]).

Medical nouns should use the nouns published by the National Committee for Approval of Scientific and Technological Nouns. For subject terms that have not yet passed the examination and approval, you can choose the subject words in the latest edition of Medical Thesaurus (MeSH), Medical Thesaurus Annotations and Thesaurus of Traditional Chinese Medicine. For nouns and terms without common translation, the original word should be indicated when it appears for the first time in the text. The names of Chinese and Western medicines are subject to the latest versions of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and the Generic Names of Chinese Medicines (both compiled by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission).

With the development and improvement of clinical diagnosis technology, the role of all kinds of ophthalmology clinical pictures in disease diagnosis has been paid more and more attention. In order to encourage clinical accumulation of relevant data, promote experience exchange, improve clinical diagnosis and treatment technology, provide a new platform for academic exchange for readers, and at the same time enrich the content and form of this journal to better serve the majority of ophthalmologists, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology continued to launch the "Picture Essence" column in 2010. The submitted pictures can be arranged according to the type of case or diagnostic technique, with relevant instructions,

In order to implement the policy of combining popularization and improvement, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, while reporting major clinical and basic research results at home and abroad, pays attention to the actual needs of the majority of ophthalmologists and strengthens the practicality of the journal. It is planned to continue to open the column of "Test Questions Analysis" in 2010. This column invites authoritative ophthalmologists in China to make an accurate and in-depth analysis of all kinds of test questions in the ophthalmology question bank. Readers are welcome to pay attention to this column, actively read, and put forward suggestions and opinions.

If the topic involved in the thesis is a national or ministerial or provincial fund or key project, the name of the fund project should be indicated with "Fund Project": as a logo at the beginning of the article, and the project number should be indicated in parentheses. The name of the fund project shall be filled in according to the official name stipulated by the relevant departments of the state, and a number of funds shall be listed in turn, separated by ";". All fund projects must be accompanied by copies of certificates.

According to the latest edition of Xinhua Dictionary and Modern Chinese Dictionary, the use specifications of the words "sticky" and "sticky" are as follows: when pronouncing "nian", the word "sticky" is always used, such as mucosa, mucus, slime mold, adhesive, etc.; When pronouncing "zhan", use the word "sticky", such as intestinal adhesion, paste, etc. Regarding the use of the words "Wei" and "Wei", both words mean only and only, but when used in words such as only, only, only, fear, obedience to orders and profit-seeking, the word "Wei" is always used; When used in words such as materialism, idealism, rationalism, nominalism, etc., use the word "only".

On October 18, 2001, the National Committee for the Approval of Scientific and Technological Terms and the National Language and Character Working Committee held a "Seminar on the Usage of 'Xiang' and 'Xiang'" at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The meeting carefully analyzed the reasons for the confusion between the usage of "like" and "like" in the scientific and technological circles. The National Science and Technology Glossary Committee and the State Language Commission considered it necessary to clearly define the usage of this word again. Experts at the meeting believed that: elephant refers to the form and appearance of nature, people or things; Image refers to the image of a person or object made by imitation, comparison, etc.,

In order to comply with the development trend of network and digitalization of journals and provide high-quality services for authors and readers, the Journal of Chinese Medical Association has developed a remote manuscript management system. The system is designed according to the business requirements of manuscript processing process, editing and processing specification, manuscript review system and management specification of Chinese Medical Association series magazines. It adopts advanced database and network technology, and has strong data processing and analysis ability. The remote manuscript management system will assist authors, editors, reviewers, editorial boards,

According to international practice and the actual situation in China, for papers that meet the following conditions, the Chinese Medical Association series journals allow and accept the republication of relevant papers of the same research in different languages.

The Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology was founded on October 1, 1950. It was sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association and edited by the Editorial Committee of the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology. The editorial committee is composed of nearly 100 well-known ophthalmologists in China. The current editor-in-chief Zhao Kanxing and the editorial director Huang Yibin. The main readers of this journal are ophthalmologists across the country, and it is publicly distributed at home and abroad. China Standard Issue Number: ISSN0412-4081, CN11-2142/R; Postal Code: 2-60; National map code: M93.

1. Statistical symbols: According to the relevant provisions of GB3358-1982 (Statistical Nouns and Symbols ", statistical symbols are typeset in italics. Commonly used: (1) The arithmetic mean of the sample is in English lowercase x (the median is in M); (2) The standard deviation is in English lowercase s; (3) The standard misuses the English lowercase sx; (4) The F test is in English lowercase t; (5) The F test is in English capital F;

Pharmacokinetics can help us to understand the metabolic feature of drugs and it also can instruct the dosage,interval,route and form of drugs used in clinic,guarantee the curative effects and reduce the side effects and toxicity.With the wide range of applications,high sensitivity and specificity,chromatography and immunoassay have been the common methods used in pharmacokinetic study,but the results are one-dimensional,operation is complicated and there are more interference factors.Imaging examination and Raman spectroscopy can be carried out in the ocular pharmacokinetic research non-invasively and continuously in vivo,but only for some specific drug testing.Subject to the restrictions of the devices themselves,specificity and sensitivity are somewhat less.Therefore,it is necessary to chose a suitable method taking into account the drug delivery methods,drug target tissue,drug metabolism characteristics of the selection of suitable methods,or combine with several methods as complementary and validation.In addition,a variety of pharmacokinetic models can also well describe,explain and predict the metabolism of drugs in eyes.

The patient was a 31-year-old female who came to the Department of Ophthalmology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital for more than 1 month due to decreased visual acuity in her left eye and dark shadow floating. She had accidentally eaten pox pork and caused cysts in many places all over her body. The posterior segment of the right eye was normal; A translucent spherical occupier was seen in the vitreous body of the left eye, with a colored halo at the edge, which crept and deformed when illuminated.

1. In the study of early treatment of diabetic retinopathy, which of the following is clinically significant macular edema? A. Retinal thickening within 500 μ m of the macular center B. Retinal thickening within 800 μ m of the macular center C. Hard exudation within 800 μ m of the macular center D. Soft exudation within 500 μ m of the macular center E. Retinal thickening>1 PD Answer: A. Clinically significant macular edema refers to retinal thickening within 500 μ m of the macular center; There is hard exudation within 500 μ m from the macular center, and thickening adjacent to the retina; The retinal thickening range was>1 PD, and any part of the retinal thickening range was within 1 PD from the macular center.

The 11th National Conference on Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases and the 2nd National Conference on Corneal Refractive Surgery, sponsored by the Keratology Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association and undertaken by Shandong Institute of Ophthalmology, will be held in Qingdao, Shandong Province from June 3 to 6, 2010. We sincerely invite domestic and foreign ophthalmologists, colleagues and ophthalmologists to attend the event.

Following the successful "First Chinese Ophthalmology Young and Middle-aged Forum" held by the editorial board of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association in 2009, at the request of the majority of ophthalmologists, the "Second Chinese Ophthalmology Young and Middle-aged Forum (and Organizing Meeting)" sponsored by this journal and co-organized by Ophthalmology Branch of Shanghai Medical Association will be held in Shanghai from July 2 to 6, 2010. The content of this forum integrates the rational application of ophthalmic drugs and the promotion of new technologies and new equipment, focusing on comprehensively improving the diagnosis and treatment level of ophthalmologists.

The Ophthalmology Center of Tianjin Medical University will hold a training course on phacoemulsification cataract aspiration surgery, glaucoma, ocular surface diseases and corneal refractive surgery from May 28 to June 1, 2010. At that time, well-known experts at home and abroad and experts from our center will be invited to give special lectures and surgical demonstrations. The training course will arrange a special wet-lab for students to perform phacoemulsification cataract aspiration surgery animal eye operation.

Since the "Tianjin Ophthalmology International Forum" was held in 2008, it has taken "Cataract and Orbital Tumor" and "Retinal Vitreous Disease" as the themes respectively, closely combined with clinical practice, and displayed all kinds of views and new clinical technologies of domestic and foreign experts in a lively form, which has been widely concerned and praised by domestic and foreign peers. 2010 Tianjin Ophthalmology International Forum and Sino-Japanese Ophthalmology Academic Exchange Conference will be held in Tianjin Eye Hospital from July 2 to 4, 2010.

Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology was founded on October 1, 1950. In the course of running the journal for nearly 60 years, there have been many twists and turns. From 1960 to 1964, due to natural disasters in the country and paper difficulties, it was suspended for the first time; From 1966 to 1978, it was forced to cease publication again due to the unrest until it resumed in the autumn of 1978. After more than half a century of ups and downs, several generations of ophthalmologists have paid hard work and sweat, and made the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology the leading fine academic journal in China's ophthalmology community, which represents the national level externally and guides academic development internally.

It is estimated that by 2010, the number of glaucoma patients in the world will exceed 60 million, and the number of blind people will be nearly 10 million. The World Health Organization (WHO) has made the prevention and treatment of primary glaucoma one of the key tasks of blindness prevention. In order to advocate the majority of ophthalmologists to pay attention to the prevention and treatment of glaucoma, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association and Alcon (China) Ophthalmic Products Co., Ltd. jointly held the 2010 Alcon "Healthy Intraocular Pressure" Cup prize-winning essay contest.

In recent years, the concept of cataract refractive surgery has penetrated into the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cataract diseases. It is the higher pursuit of cataract surgeons to restore patients' vision like young people. Multifocal intraocular lens has attracted more and more attention of ophthalmologists because of its good clinical application effect. The aspherical AcrySofReSTOR +3.00D intraocular lens, which entered the clinic in 2009, can provide better far, middle and near vision for patients after cataract surgery.

In order to strengthen the academic exchange of ophthalmology at home and abroad, expand the international vision of domestic ophthalmologists, and promote the integration of domestic ophthalmology with international standards as soon as possible, the Health Express Training Network (www.lxlearn.com) has been specially established. The training network will serve all domestic ophthalmologists in the form of public welfare.