Volume 46 ·  Issue 02 ·  2010

There are various therapies for the treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO).Intravitreous injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a new procedure.The efficacy and safety of this therapy have been widely proved in short term clinical observations.However,the relapse of macular edema and the requirement for multi-injections are still remaining problems.It requires more evidences to prove that a better long term prognosis could be obtained from this procedure as compared with traditional laser coagulation.The optimizing therapies should include a combination of anti-VEGF therapy with other drugs and laser treatment to decrease the risk of multi-injections and to obtain the best results.Selection of appropriate therapeutic procedure (based on the evidence based medicine)to protect and improve visuul function are important project of clinicians and require further exploration and investigation.

Hereditary retinal diseases (HRD) are a group of both common and severe ocular hereditary diseases.HRD are a major cause of blindness.Human genetic resources in China are plentiful.Through the accomplishment of the human genome project and the widespread application of related genetic techniques,the methods for detecting the mutant genes of HRD has been established,and important findings in the treatment of HRD through gene therapy studies have been obtained.In the past ten years,HRD studies in China have gained significant progress in this field,including several pioneer results in the detection of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa mutant gene.However,significant difference still exists in basic and clinical studies of HRD between the western countries and China. At present,HRD are transforming from"the incurable disease"to"the curable disease".Advancements in gene therapy studies are making the treatment of HRD possible,we should take advantage of these technological innovations to hunch our own clinical trials using gene therapy in the treatment of HRD in Chinese patients as soon as possible.

The Bureau of Disease Prevention and Control,National Ministry of Health,recently released a project for the management of diabetes mellitus along with a technical operational manual.This is a landmark event in the prevention and management of ocular fundus diseases in China.This project will be carried out through collaboration of general hospitals,eommunity health service units,and disease prevention and centrol organizations.It provides an excellent platform for the prevention and control of diabetic retinopathy.In order to prevent and control this disease,we sheuld follow the patient-centered principle,which includes establishing individual health files,providing consultation for patients,performing screening of diabetic retinopathy,and providing lifelong regular examinations,follow-up and prompt treatments. We should also insist on the combination of prevention,treatment and scientific study to take edvantage of a wide array of population resources for studying the pathogenesis and risk factors involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy,and making new contributions in the prevention of blindness due to diabetes.

Objective To describe features of vitreomacular traction syndrome (VMT) on threedimensional (3D) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT).Methods Eighteen eyes of 18 patients with VMT were diagnosed by SD OCT.SD OCT images were obtained and retrospectively analyzed.These VMT cases were defined as focal type or broad type by the region of the vitreous attachment to the macula.The relationship between the logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the retinal thickness of macular fovea was evaluated by linear regression analysis.Resuits SD OCT provided detailed 3D inlages of VMT and revealed information about the extent of vitreomacular traction.Focal VMT Was seen in 14 eyes.Broad VMT was seen in four eyes.Eight cases had concurrent epiretinal membrane in the areas surrounding the fovea.Two cases had concurrent full thiekness maeular hole and two cases had concurrent lamellar macular hole.LogMAR BCVA correlated with the retinal thickness of macular fovea(r=0.616,P=0.007,linear regression analysis).Conclusions SD OCT allows good visualization of the architectural morphology of the vitreous and retina in vitreomacular traction syndrome.It is useful and irreplaceable for the diagnosis and follow-up of VMT.

Objective To evaluate a method of ultrasound biometry in silicone oil-filled eye and its clinical results.Methods This was a series case study.According to the principle of measuring a distance with ultrasound,we compared the measured distance between a space filed with balanced salt solution and silicone oil at same height,to ealculate a conversion factor (0.674) between them.A formula for corrective axial length in silicone oil-filled eye was established.The formula:ab+0.674×bc(a,b and c standing for the apex of the cornea,the posterior pole of the lens or the center of the capsular membrane and the anterior surface of the machlar,respectively).the axial lengths of 150 silicone oil-filled eyes in 150 cases were then measured before and after silicone oil removal with Vivid 7 Dimension ultrasound.According to the axial length,they were divided into two groups,namely group 1(the length<25mm)and group 2(thelength≥25 mm).In 76/150 eyes,before combined silicone oil removal and intraocular lens (IoL)implantation,the SRKT formula was used for intraocular lens calculation;the post-operative actual refraction was compared with the pre-operative predicted refraction and statistics analysis was made.Results The retinal condition of 150 silicone oil-filled eyes in 150 cases after 3 months'fllow-up was stable after surgery.The results of the biometry were as follows.In the first group,the mean corrective axial lengths of 111 silicone oil-filled eyes before silicone oil removal was (22.77±1.00)mm(ranging from 21.10 to 24.90 mm);the mean axial lengths after silicone oil removal was(22.76±0.99)mm(ranging from 21.00 to 24.70 mm).The difference between them was not statistically significant (t=0.518,P>0.05).The vitreous cavity depth before and after silicone oil removal was (26.57±2.14)mm and(17.90±1.38)mm,respectively.The ratio of the latter to the former was 0.673 78.In the second group.the mean corrective axial lengths of 39 sillcone oil-filled eyes before silicone oil removal was(26.52±1.31)mm(ranging from 25.00 to 30.58mm);the mean axial lengths after silicone oil removal was(26.53±1.29)mm(ranging from 25.00 to 30.59 mm).The difference between them was not statistically significant(t=0.109,P>0.05).The vitreous eavity depth before and after silicone oil removal was (32.01±2.90)mm and(21.57±2.04)mm,respectively.The ratio of the latter to the former was 0.673 95.In 76 eyes with IOL,the post-operative actual refraction after at least 3 months follow-up was compared with the pre-operative predicted refraction (-1.50 DS)in both groups.The differences between them were not statistically significant(t_1=0.253,P_1>0.05;t_2=0.209,P_2>0.05)in each group.Conclusion Ultrasound biometry in silicone oil-filled eye is accurate and simple,and has good results in clinical measurement.

Objective To investigate the appropriate criteria for the screening of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Xi'an region and to determine the risk factors for ROP. Methods Screening criteria were established basing on the ROP screening guidelines,implemented by ministry of Public Health with minor modification.It included newborn infants with birth weight of 2000 g or less,or gestational age of 34 W or less.The results obtained by the present screening criteria were compared with those obtained from the national screening criteria.Gestation age and birth weight between groups of ROP and normal fundm were compared by Student t-test,the ratios of persistent oxygen inhalation were examined by Chi-square test,and the risk factors for ROP were analyzed by Fisher exact test.A P<0.05 was considered significant.Results In all the infants examined,18 cases (36 eyes,13.43%)developed ROP,including 4 CS,cases (8 eyes)suffering from stage 1,5 cases(10 eyes) from stage 2 (one was affected in zone Ⅱ with plus disease),5 cases (10 eyes)from stage 3 with plus disease,1 case(2 eyes)from stage 4 A.1 case (2 eyes) from stage 5, and 2 cases (4 eyes) from regressed stage.In ROP cases, gestation age ranged from 28 to 34 w,(30.58 ± 1.97) w; birth weight ranged from 880 to 1950 g,(1388.89 ±268.39) g.Statistical analysis showed that, the gestation age and birth weight in normal fundus group were (32.56 ± 2.00) w and ( 1773.91±349.73) g respectively, which were higher than group of ROP ( gestation age t = 3.90, P <0.01 ; birth weight t =4.45 ,P <0.01 ).The ratios of persistent oxygen inhalation in group of normal fundus and ROP were 59.48% and 61.11% ( χ~2 = 0.017, P > 0.05 ).It was also observed that the ratios of hypoxic - ischemic encephalopathy and placenta abruption in those two groups were 12.07%, 33.33%( P = 0.030) and 0.86%, 11.11% ( P = 0.047 ).Clinical analysis indicated that prematurity, low birth weight, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and placenta abruption were closely related to the occurrence of ROP.On the other hand, if using national screening criteria, only 108 infants in all 134 cases required screening, and all of the ROP cases could be detected with a detection rate at 16.67%.Conclusions The detection rate of ROP is 13.43% (18/134) in the present study, which is consistent with the results obtained in previous studies in China.The national criteria are appropriate for the ROP screening in Xi'an region.Prematurity, low birth weight and the relative hypoxia are high risk factors for the occurrence of ROP.

Objective To investigate the association of M299V variant in the elongation of very long chain fatty acids-like 4 (ELOVL4) gene with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a Chinese population.Methods A total of 262 participants enrolled this study,including 145 patients with exudative AMD and 117 control individuals without AMD.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood.Genotyping for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3812153:A>G(M299V)in ELOVL4 gene was performed using a method of pelymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction enzyme digestion and direct sequencing.Numerical data were examined by Student t test.Genotypes and allele frequencies between AMD cases and the controls were compared by using the χ~2 test.Odd ratios (OR) and 95%confidelice intervals (CI) were ealculated according to the Woolf's equation.Compliance to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for distribution of genotypes was examined using Haploview version 4.0.Results There was no significant difference in age or gender between AMD cases and the controls.Genotype distributions for M299V in AMD cases or the control subjects were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.The M299V variant in ELOVL4 gene was not associated with exudative AMD in the population sample studied (χ~2=0.960,P=0.619).Frequency of the rare allele G was 17.2%in cases with exudative AMD and 19.7%in the control individuals(χ~2=0.505,P=0.477).Compared to the wild-type AA genotype,OR for risk of AMD was 0.99(95%CI:0.78-1.26) in heterozygous AG genotype and 0.56(95%CI:0.17-1.82)in homozygous GG genotype. Conclusion Our data suggested that there was no association between the M299V variant in ELOVL4 gene and exudative AMD in the Chinese population.

Objective To study clinical characteristics,treatment and prognosis of syphilitic posterior uveifis.Methods A retrospective stuay was conducted in 26 patients with syphilitic posterior uveitis.The diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and laboratory tests.Results There were 26 patients,16 males and 10 females,mean age was 40 years.Fourteen patients were bilateral.The symptoms included impaired vision and floaters.In 40 eyes,yellow-white lesions in the posterior pole were present in 8 eyes,22 eyes showed mild congestion of optic discs and loss of reflex in the fovea,and 6 eyes showed significant congestion and swelling of the optic disc.Fluorescein angiography showed staining or hyperfluorescence of optic disc in 40 eyes,venous leakage in 26 eyes,retinal pigment epithelium damage with dye pooling in 6 eyes,and cystoid maeular edema in 6 eyes.ICGA:squamous or disseminative hypofluorescence damage web present in all 40 eyes.After the treatment,32 eyes had improved vision and fundus damage.Conclusions Syphilitic posterior uveitis has typical symptoms and signs.This is a curable disease,early diagnosis and prompt treatment are important for the improvement of prognosis.

Objective To determine if there ale retinal abnormalities in Alzheimer's disense and if retinal changes are one of the causes of the visual symptom,and if the changes of retina thickness correlated with the severity of dementia.Methods Case-control study.Twelve patients of Alzheimer's disease and seventeen normal controls were included.General eye examinations,mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score and OCT were performed on each patient.Independent-samples t test was used to compare the results obtained from these two groups.Results The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL thickness) overall:Alzheimer's (93.18±11.36)μm,control(99.44±8.88)μm,macula thickness min:Alzheimer's (204.00±52.06)μm,control(211.36 ±49.09)μm;inner 1 mm:Alzheimer's (232.50±23.37)μm,control(242.79±40.36)μm;between 1-3 mm:Alzheimer's (289.42±21.37)μm,control(298.43±23.30)μm;between 3-6 mm:Alzheimer's (256.67±20.04)μm,control(262.86±20.19)μm was thinner in the patients with Alzheimer's disense.Macula volume inller 1 mm:Alzheimer's(0.183±0.018)m~3,control(0.188±0.031)m~3:between 1-3 mm:Alzheimer's(1.819±0.134)m~3,control (1.875±0.147)m~3;between 3-6 mm Alzheimer's (5.443±0.424)m~3,control (5.571±0.428)m~3 in the Alzheimer's diseases patients was smaller than that of the controls.There was significant difference(t=-2.519.P<0.05) in RNFL thiekness of the superior quadrant between the two groups Alzheimer's disease (115.09±14.05)μm,control(129.23±10.69)μm.Conclusiom There is retinal nerve fiber loss in patients with Alzbeimer's disease.which may be responsible for the visual symptoms.The retinal nerve fiber loss is obviously in the superior quadrant,and it is correlated positively to the severity of dementia.

Objective To investigate the expression of heparanase (HPSE),hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α)and their correlation with expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) in retinoblastoma.Methods HIF-1αand VEGF were detected by SP immunohistochemical method in 34 cases of retinoblagtoma and 10 cases of normal retina tissues.MVD was measured by anti-CD34.Eighteen samples of retinoblastoma tissues and ten samples of normal retina were examined for HPSE mRNA,HIF-1αmRNA,VEGF mRNA expression by RT-PCR.The correlation between HPSE,HIF-1α and VEGF expression,MVD and clinical and pathological characters were analyzed.The statistical methods are the measurement data using grouped quantitative data t test,variance analysis and q test;enumeration data compared with χ~2 test,Fisher test and rank sum test;correlation analysis using Spearman rank correlaion analysis and the kappa test.Results The positive expression rates of HIF-1α and VEGF were 58.8%,64.7%higher in retinoblastoma than in normal retina's(χ~2=10.784,P<0.05; χ~2=9.269,P<0.05).Positive expression of HPSE、HIF-1α、VEGF mRNA were bund in 55.6%、44.4%、72.2%.The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in retinoblastoma were correlated with MVD(r=0.664,P<0.05;r=0.590,P<0.05).VEGF wag correlated with HPSE and HIF-1α(Z=2.350,P=0.009;Z=2.940.P=0.002).Conclusions HPSE and HIF-1α can influenee the expression of VEGF,an important angiogenesis factor.HPSE,HIF-1α and VEGF phay a role in tumor angiogenesis and promote malignant progress of retinoblastoma.

Objective To investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of etanercept for recurrent Behcet disease (BD).Methods Retrospective review of 12 recurrent BD uveitis patients (16 eyes)who were followed up in Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Rheumatology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital during April 2007 to June 2008 and received etanercept for treatment of uveitis.On the basis of conventional corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy,subcutaneous injection of 25 mg etanercept twice per week was instituted initially,followed by a tapering to once per week based on efficacy and economic consideration. Complete ocular examination including visual acuity,intraocuiar pressure,anterior segment and fundus conditions were well documented at base line and at each visit.Fundus photography,fluorescein angiography,ocular B ultrasound were conducted when necessary.Endpoint of observation:substantial improvement of ocular inflammation or etanercept treatment was stopped for various reasons.Results Of 12 patients,9 had shown improvement on visual acuity at least in one eye,although 3 of them did not show improvement.At end point,as compared to base line,of 16 eyes,10(63%)had better visual aeuity,6 (37%)had the same visual acuity,and none decreased;substantial improvement or remission of both anterior and posterior segment inflammation were observed for all patients.No serious adverse reaction was observed during follow up. Conclusion On the basis of corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy,etanercept has good short term efficacy and safety for recurrent BD uveitis.

Objective Randomized controlled experimental study to investigate the influence of vitamin A palmitate and bovine recombinant basic fiboblast growth factor(bFGF)on repair of mechanical corneal epithelial defects,conjunctival epithelial cells and goblet cells in rabbits.Methods One hundred and twenty New Zealand rabbits (all males) were selected to establish the mechanical corneal epithelial defects models (scratching out a round area with the diameter of 8 mm in the centre of cornea).Forty eight New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups:group A used lincomycin hydrochloride eye drops (LED)after the model had been established;group B used vitamin A palmitate eye gel and LED;group C used recombinant bFGF eye gel and LED;group D used vitamin A palmitate eye gel,bFGF eye gel and LED.Photo slit lamp examination and measurement of repaired area were performed on day O,day 1,day 4 and day 7;transmission electron microscopy,histological microscope examination and impression cytology were performed on day O,day 1,day 4 and day 7 to analysis the morphology and repairment of corneal epithelium,conjunctival epithelial cells and the goblet cells.The variants were tested using analysis of variance and Tukey's test.Results Statistic analysis showed that on day 1,the size of areas of repaired corneal epithelium was:group A(53.512±18.850)mm~2,group B(92.194±14.367)mm~2,group C (89.779±20.535)mm~2,group D(127.816±16.379)mm~2.The difference in size of repaired areas between different groups was statistically significant(F=17.663,P=0.000),with exception of the difference between groups B and C(P=0.995).Conjunctival impression cytology showed that,the average number of conjunctival goblet cells per 740 μm×550 μm at day 1 was decreased,group A(10.083±4.441),group B(10.667±3.551),group C(9.583±4.502),group D(9.167±5.606).The difference between these four groups was not significant(F=0.239,P=0.868).At day 4,the size of areas of repaired corneal epithelium was;group A(120.369±11.839)mm~2,group B(156.606±8.087)mm~2,group C (154.216±9.990)mm~2,group D(175.181±5.168)mm~2,which showed a significant difference between each two groups (F=37.665,P=0.000),with exception between groups B and C(P=0.968).The average number of goblet cells at day 4 was recovered,which was:group A(41.250±4.575),group B (56.083 ±6.374),group C(48.417±4.562),group D(61.917±5.017),with a significant difference between these four groups(F=36.210,P=0.000).At day 7,the size of areas of repaired corneal epithelium had a statistical significance(F=32.656,P=0.000)between these four groups,which was group A(177.472±3.585)mm~2,group B(186.715±3.022)mm~2,group C(182.293±3.158)mm~2,group D (194.106±2.176)mm~2.The area of repaired corneal epithelium in group D was larger than that of other groups(P<0.05).The average number of goblet cells was recovered significantly,which was:group A (63.167 ±11.488),group B(99.501±15.877),group C(82.015±9.175),group D(104.750±9.659).There was a significant difference in goblet cell number between these groups(F=30.312,P=0.000)with exception between groups B and D(P=0.700).In transmission electron microscope examination of the cornea,we found that vitamin A palmitate and bFGF could both promote the development of intracellular conjunction.Vitamin A palmitate protected corneal epithelial cells,prevented cell keratinization,promoted proliferation and differentiation of corneal epithelial cells.In transmission electron microscopy examination of the conjunctiva,conjunctival goblet cells in groups B and D recovered well with rich secretary granules,which were quite different from groups A and C.Conjunctival epithelium of groups B,C and D were well-differentiated with tight intracellular conjunction.Conclusions Vitamin A palmitate and bFGF could promote the repair of mechanical corneal epithelial defects and the development of intracellular conjunction.The effect is more significant when vitamin A palmitate is combined with bFGF.Vitamin A palmitate promotes regeneration of conjunctival goblet cells and can re-establish intracellular conjunction of conjunctival epithelium.The protective effect of vitamin A palmitate on conjunctival goblet cells is better than that of bFGF.

Objective The aim of this study was to identify mutations of CHST6 gene in a Chinese family with macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) and to investigate the histopathological changes of MCD.Methods Corneal button of the proband was obtained from penetrating keratoplasty for the treatment of severe corneal dystrophy.The sections and ultrathin sections of this specimen were examined under light microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM).Genomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes in peripheral blood from the family members.The coding region of CHST6 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The PCR products were analyzed by direct sequencing and restriction enzyme digestion.Results Histochemieal study revealed positive results of colloidal iron stain.TEM revealed enlargement of smooth endoplasmic retieulum and the presence of intracytoplasmic vacuoles.Two mutations.Q298X Y358H.were identified in exon 3 of CHST6.Three paTients were compound heterozygotes of these two mutations.The C892T transversion occurred at codon 298 turned the codon of glutamine to a stop codon;the T1072C transversion occurred at eodon 358 caused a missense mutation,tyrosine to histidine.All six unaffected family members were heterozygotes.These two mutations were not detected in any of the 100 control subjects.Conclusions The novel compound heterozygous mutation results in loss of CHST6 function and causes the occurrence of MCD.This is the first report of this gene mutation.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of blindness in elderly population.Exploration of effective treatment of AMD has important significance.Pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) is the most powerful endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis.Increasing evidences,including results of phase I clinical trial,indicated that PEDF could significantly inhibit the development of choroidal neovascularization,which is the characteristic of wet AMD.Therefore,PEDF is one of the most potential therapeutic agents for AMD treatment.

Hereditary retinal diseases (HRDs),including retinitis pigmentosa,Leber's congenital amaurosis,congenital stationary night blindness,vitelliform macular dystrophy,Stargardt macular dystrophy,ete.,are the most common and severe hereditary ocular diseases,which are closely associated with blindness.With the accomplishment of human genome project and the widespread application of genetic study techniques,the way leading to understanding of gene mutations of HRDs has been paved.Many encouraging breakthroughs of gene therapy studies have been made.Among them,the arrayed primer extension chip (Apex) technology greatly improved the efficiency of mutant gene screening of HRDs.Till now,46 pathogenic genes and 2497 mutation loci have been identified to be related to HRDs.Gene therapy is one of the key treatments for HRDs.The disease causing mutant gene must be detected before the application of gene therapy.This paper reviews the latest progress in the study of gene mutations in HRDs.

Endogenous infectious endophthalmitis is relatively rare than exogenous infectious endophthalmitis. Patients with diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus infection, heart disease, malignant tumor, renal failure dialysis treatment, immunosuppressant application, intravenous drug use, etc. are prone to ocular infection when accompanied by systemic or local infection.

Acute leukemia is a malignant tumor of the blood system, and there are few ocular signs, especially those with intraocular symptoms as the first symptom. On April 14, 2008, the Ophthalmology Center of Tianjin Medical University admitted a case of acute monocytic leukemia in children with empyema in one eye as the first symptom. The diagnosis and treatment are reported as follows.

The transparency of lens depends on the normal physiological metabolism of lens protein, water, electrolytes, etc. The normal physiological function of lens capsule, especially subcapsular epithelial cells, is an important factor to maintain lens transparency.

In recent years, the concept of cataract refractive surgery has penetrated into the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cataract diseases. It is the higher pursuit of cataract surgeons to restore patients' vision like young people. Multifocal intraocular lens has attracted more and more attention of ophthalmologists because of its good clinical application effect. The aspherical AcrySof ReSTOR +3.00D intraocular lens, which entered the clinic in 2009, can provide better far, medium and near vision for patients after cataract surgery.

The 16th National Academic Conference on Eye Trauma, Eye Plastic Surgery and Orbital Diseases and Continuing Education Study Class will be held in Zhengzhou from April 22-25, 2010. Conference contents: (1) exchange of theme papers of the conference; (2) exchange of papers in different specialties; (3) Well-known domestic experts chaired the special discussion; (4) Special Summit Forum on Eye Trauma; (5) Continuing education and training courses for eye trauma, eye plastic surgery and orbital diseases. Participants receive 10 points in continuing education credits at the national level, Category I.

The 11th National Conference on Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases and the 2nd National Conference on Corneal Refractive Surgery, sponsored by the Keratology Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association and undertaken by Shandong Institute of Ophthalmology, will be held in Qingdao, Shandong Province in early June 2010. Ophthalmologists and colleagues at home and abroad and people from the ophthalmology business community are invited to attend the event.

Following the successful "First Chinese Ophthalmology Young and Middle-aged Forum" held by the editorial board of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association in 2009, at the request of the majority of ophthalmologists, the "Second Chinese Ophthalmology Young and Middle-aged Forum (and Organizing Meeting)" sponsored by this journal will be held in Shanghai in early July 2010. The content of this forum integrates the rational application of ophthalmic drugs and the promotion of new technologies and new equipment, focusing on comprehensively improving the diagnosis and treatment level of ophthalmologists.

In order to comply with the development trend of network and digitalization of journals and provide high-quality services for authors and readers, the Journal of Chinese Medical Association has developed a remote manuscript management system. The system is designed according to the business requirements of manuscript processing process, editing and processing specification, manuscript review system and management specification of Chinese Medical Association series magazines. It adopts advanced database and network technology, and has strong data processing and analysis ability.

Since the copyright law of our country was promulgated, it has been paid widespread attention by all circles of society. As a medical scientific and technological journal, the copyright law must be implemented to the letter. Therefore, the relevant requirements of this journal for author's signature and thanks are reiterated as follows. I. The meaning of the author's signature and the conditions that should be met 1. The meaning of the signature: (1) The person responsible for the paper is indicated, and the paper is responsible for it. (2) Medical papers are the summary and record of medical scientific and technological achievements, the fruits of the author's hard work and the crystallization of creative wisdom, and the author's contribution to the medical cause, and the objective indicator that it is respected and recognized by the society. It is a deserved honor and a statement that the copyright of the paper belongs to the author.

In order to implement the policy of combining popularization and improvement, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, while reporting major clinical and basic research results at home and abroad, pays attention to the actual needs of the majority of ophthalmologists and strengthens the practicality of the journal. It is planned to continue to open the column of "Test Questions Analysis" in 2010. This column invites authoritative ophthalmologists in China to make an accurate and in-depth analysis of all kinds of test questions in the ophthalmology question bank. Readers are welcome to pay attention to this column, actively read, and put forward suggestions and opinions.

According to international practice and the actual situation in China, for papers that meet the following conditions, the Chinese Medical Association series journals allow and accept the republication of relevant papers of the same research in different languages. 1. High-quality and influential scientific research papers. 2. The author must obtain the consent of the relevant journal, and there is no objection to the journal that publishes the paper for the first time and the journal that is going to publish it again. The author is required to provide the republished journal with the consent of the journal for the first publication of the paper, the time of the first publication of the paper and a copy, single volume or original manuscript of the paper.

Medical nouns should use the nouns published by the National Committee for Approval of Scientific and Technological Nouns. For subject terms that have not yet passed the examination and approval, you can choose the subject words in the latest edition of Medical Thesaurus (MeSH), Medical Thesaurus Annotations and Thesaurus of Traditional Chinese Medicine. For nouns and terms without common translation, the original word should be indicated when it appears for the first time in the text.

The statutory unit of measurement of this journal implements the "Statutory Unit of Measurement of the People's Republic of China" promulgated by the State Council in February 1984, and is represented by unit symbols. For specific use, refer to the book "Application of Statutory Unit of Measurement in Medicine" edited by the Editorial and Publishing Department of Chinese Medical Association in 1991.

The "fast track" paper must be innovative, important and scientific, and the early publication of the paper will have a significant impact on clinical and scientific research work. Requirements for "fast track" paper submission: (1) When the author submits a manuscript online, he should provide application materials explaining the reasons why the paper needs to be published through the "fast track". (2) The author provides the "novelty search report" issued by provincial and above libraries or medical information research institutes.

The Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology was founded on October 1, 1950. It was sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association and edited by the Editorial Committee of the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology. The editorial committee is composed of nearly 100 well-known ophthalmologists in China. The current editor-in-chief Zhao Kanxing and the editorial director Huang Yibin. The main readers of this journal are ophthalmologists across the country, and it is publicly distributed at home and abroad. China Standard Issue Number: ISSN 0412-4081, CN11-2142/R; Postal code: 2-60; National map code: M93.

The title should strive to be concise and eye-catching, which can accurately reflect the theme of the article. Chinese titles are generally within 20 Chinese characters, preferably without subtitles, generally without punctuation, and try not to use abbreviations. The meaning of Chinese and English titles should be consistent.

Yan Mi, a famous ophthalmologist in China, editorial board member of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, editor-in-chief of Chinese Journal of Fundus Diseases, recipient of special government allowance from the State Council, and professor of ophthalmology in West China Hospital of Sichuan University, died at 0: 32 on January 4, 2010 at the age of 78 years old.

Professor Song Chen (technical level 2, full military position), an outstanding member of the Communist Party of China, former member of the expert group, director of ophthalmology and chief physician of PLA General Hospital, died in PLA General Hospital on November 3, 2009 at the age of 85. Professor Song Chen was born in Haicheng City, Liaoning Province in 1924. He graduated from Liaoning Shengjing Medical College in 1945, joined the People's Liberation Army in the same year and joined the Communist Party of China in 1947. In many battles to liberate Northeast China, he actively participated in the treatment of the wounded and won the third-class merit; He actively participated in the plastic surgery team to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea, and his team won the first-class collective merit.

The patient was a 43-year-old female who had sudden blurred vision and syncope after climbing Mount Everest, and her blood pressure was 160/100 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa). She was treated with blood pressure lowering and oxygen inhalation locally. The specific situation was unknown.