Volume 46 ·  Issue 01 ·  2010

In late August 2009, the editorial board of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology held an annual national editorial board working meeting in Chongqing, where three generations of editorial board members, old, middle and young, gathered together. Luo Ling, deputy secretary general of Chinese Medical Association, You Suning, president and editor-in-chief of the magazine, and Cai Lifeng, vice president, attended the meeting, which drew a successful conclusion for the quadrennial editorial board re-election work and opened a new chapter for the journal to carry on the past and open up the future.

Serious ocular surface damage caused by chemical and thermal burn has the characteristics of wide prevalence of the population, high blinding rate and hard to treat.Ocular surface reconstruction is an effective management in treating damaged ocular surface, but there still exist some common misunderstanding including inappropriate surgery time, incorrect surgical design, mixed basic conception of ocular surface and iatrogenic damage during operation.To analyze the problems existed in China, address new conception of the ocular surface reconstruction, and matter needing attention during operation and individual treatment.

The author read the article written by Ren Zhe and others published in the 12th issue of your magazine in 2007<Pathogenic analysis of clinical bacterial endophthalmitis>[1]. This article analyzes the pathogenic bacteria causing bacterial endophthalmitis and its resistance to six antibiotics such as gentamicin. The author has some different opinions on some contents of this article, and discusses with the author of this article. Xiao Guohui, Email: npxgh25000@sina.com

Objective To study the therapeutic results of tissue-engineered epithelium transplantation for corneal conjunctivalization caused by chemical and thermal burns.Methods Clinical case series.From December 2007 to May 2008, in Beijing Tongren Eye Center and Beijing Tongren Hospital, six patients (6 eyes) with chemical or thermal burn injury were treated by auto-transplantation of limbus stem cells cultured on fibrin gel membrane and followed up 6 to 12 months for clinical evaluation.The clinical outcomes included visual acuity, corneal clarity and neovascularization.Results In 5 of 6 eyes, the postoperative visual acuity was slightly improved.During followed up period, the corneal new-forming vessels were lessen than before, but one eye showed neovascularization recurrent.The corneal clarity in 5 eyes was improved.4 eyes were covered with transparent epithelium, 2 eyes showed light comeal opacity.Conclusion The ocular surface condition of corneal conjunctivalization caused by corneal bum could be improved in short period by tissue-engineered epithelium transplantation.(Chin J Ophthalmol, 2010,46:13-17)

Objective To analyze the morphology on the ocular surface of severe alkali burns patients by in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy.Methods This research was a retrospective observation case series.From February to November 2008 in Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, 39 alkali burns patients who classified as Ⅲ or IV according to Roper-Hall classification were enrolled in this study.They were divided into four groups according to the course of disease: A (less than 3 months) , B (3-6 months) , C (6-12 months) and D (over 12 months).In vivo laser scanning confocal microscopic examinations were performed on the injured cornea, the limbus and the bulbar conjunctiva and the images were recorded.The morphology of the injured cornea, the limbus and the bulbar conjunctiva was analyzed and the densities of the inflammatory cells and dendritic cells in the limbus were calculated.Oneway analysis of variance was used to compare the means of the inflammatory cells and dendritic cells.Subsequently the data between two groups were analyzed by least significant difference.Results The corneal epitheliums of the patients in Group A manifested large irregular features with hyperreflective cytoplasm and hyporeflective nuclei, sometimes losing cell features.There were numerous small hyperreflective inflammatory cells in groups beneath the superficial epitheliums.Shallow corneal stroma was edema, and it was hard to discriminate the morphology of the stromal cells.Deep stromal cells were in the activated state.The images of the endothelial layer were unclear.In Croup B and Group C, there were the same manifestation of the superficial epitheliums as the group A and it disappeared in Group D.The inflammatory cells beneath the superficial epitheliums reduced and some residual basal epitheliums and hyperreflective conjunctiva-like epitheliums were visible in Group B and Group C.In Group D, there were small oval tight-arranged cells with punctiform hyperreflective nuclei instead of normal comeal basal epitheliums.In Group B, it was still hard to discriminate the morphology of the shallow stroma cells.Deep stromal cells were still in the activated state.In Group C and Group D, comeal stroma was replaced by the fibrous tissues.The images of the endothelial layer were still unclear in the other groups.The Vogt palisades in the limbus of the severe alkali bums patients were destroyed in all groups.There were rich vascular nets in the limbus.The densities of the limbal inflammatory cells in four groups were (4023 ± 343 ) , (2975 ± 246), (2652 ± 375), (2679±299) cells/mm~2, respectively.Significant difference in inflammatory cell density was found among groups (F= 40.001, P = 0.000).The densities of the limbal dendritic cells in four groups were (106±19),(132±35) , (141±26), (98±24) cells/mm~2, respectively.Significant difference in dendritic cell density was found among groups (F=8.053 ,P=0.000).When the injured area of the conjunctiva was limited, it was hard to discriminate the morphology of the conjunctival epitheliums in both Group A and Group B.Numerous inflammatory cells infiltrated in the conjunctival lamina propria and goblet cells were invisible.In Group C and Group D, the conjunctival epitheliums were almost normal.There were stall some inflammatory cells and dendritic cells in the conjunctival lamina propria, and there were residual goblet cells visible in parts of the patients.When the injured area of the conjunctiva was large, the conjunctivas in four groups displayed hyperreflective stripy fibrous tissues instead of normal conjunctival epitheliums.Conclusions The application of laser scanning confocal microscopy indicates that there is much difference on the cellular morphology of the ocular surface of severe alkali bums patients among diverse courses of the disease.The technique is a useful tool to the observation on the ocular surface of severe alkali burns patients.

Objective To explore the clinical characters, effects of treatment, the prognosis of visual acuity and the problems in the treatment of the anterior uveitis.Methods The retrospective case series study was used to observe the clinical characters and treatment effects of 478 cases of anterior uveitis from January 2001 to June 2007 in Tianjin Eye Hospital.Among the 478 cases of patients, the male was 281 cases and the female was 197 cases.The mean age was (36 ± 15)years old.Both the clinical examinations and immunologic investigations were performed.The clinical characters, effects of treatment, complications and prognosis of the anterior uveitis were analyzed.Results There were 242 cases (50.6% ) with acute anterior uveitis, 197 cases (41.2%) with recurrent anterior uveitis and 39 cases (8.2%) with chronic anterior uveitis.There were 231 cases(48.3%) with idiopathic uveitis, 76 cases (15.9%) with human leukocyte antigen-B27 associated uveitis without systemic diseases, 52 cases (10.9%) with herpetic uveitis, 34 cases (7.1% ) with ankylosing spondylitis, 29 cases (6.1% ) with Fuchs syndrome, 24 cases (5.0%) with glaucomatocyclitic crisis and 17 cases (3.6%) with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis.The rate of complications was 31.6% (151 cases) , the rate of mild visual impairment (less than 0.5) was 11.1% (53 cases) , the moderate and severe visual impairment (less than 0.3) was 7.5% (36 cases), and the rates of blindness (less than 0.05) was 2.5% (12 cases).Conclusions The types of anterior uveitis are varied.Idiopathic anterior uveitis, human leukocyte antigen-B27 associated uveitis and herpetic uveitis are the most common entities.The careful clinical and immunologic examinations could be benefit for the etiological diagnosis and prompt treatment

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of 17 patients with sarcoidosis in ocular adnexa.Methods The clinical data of 17 cases with sarcoidosis in ocular adnexa treated during 1993 and 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent surgical treatment, and the diagnosis was proven histopathologically.Results Among the 17 cases, 4 were male, and 13 were female.The patients' age ranged from 15 to 70 years, with a mean of 46.9 years.The lesions were located at the orbit (8 cases) , lacrimal grand (5 cases) and eyelids (4 cases).Fourteen cases complained of the presence of a local mass, 2 cases complained of exophthalmos and 1 swelling of eyelids.Concurrent systemic sarcoidosis was present in 7 cases.Three cases coincided with lung sarcoidosis, 3 cases with uveitis and 1 case with dermatopathy.Angiotensin converting enzyme analysis was performed in 6 cases; 4 of them were elevated.Computer tomography was performed in 12 cases; in 11 cases it presented as moderate density parenchymatous mass, and in the remaining one it presented as hypodensity cystic mass.B scan of 5 cases showed hypoechonic parenchymatous homogeneous mass.None of 14 cases relapsed after 1 to 15 years follow-up.Conclusions Ocular adnexal sarcoidosis usually presents as local mass and it should be included in the differential diagnosis of orbital and ocular adnexal lesions.Excision of localized mass alone could achieve satisfactory outcomes for isolated lesions, while for diffuse or systematic lesions, corticosteroid treatment should be prescribed routinely.

Objective To investigate the pathogens and drug tolerance of infantile dacryocystitis in order to provide evidence for clinical drug use.Methods 230 cases of infant dacryocystitis (aged from 2 to 10 months, average 90 days) were analyzed for bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests.These tests were performed following National Guide to Clinical Laboratory Procedures.Based on the results, analyzed the difference of pathogens in different year, the pathogens kind of dacryocystitis, main pathogens of infantile dacryocystitis, average isolation rate of pathogens and sensitive or resistance drug for pathogens.Results Average detecting rate was 87.0% (200 cases).There is no difference for detecting rate in each year.The pathogens were predominantly gram-positive coccus 74.5% (149 cases), coagulase-negative staphylococcus 20.5% (41 cases) and staphylococcus aureus 11.0% (22 cases).Majority of these bacteria were sensitive to tobramycin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin.Gram-positive coccus was sensitive to tobramycin and levofloxacin.For gram-negative rod, tobramycin and chloromycetin were most sensitive drug.The sensitivity rates were 96.67% (29 cases).The resistant rates to erythromycin and penicillin were 66.67% (20 cases) and 80.00% ( 24 cases).Conclusion Coagulase-negative staphylococcus was the main pathogen of infantile dacryocystitis.

Objective To investigate antifungal activity of butenafine in comparison with that of natamycin, amphotericin B and fluconazole against ocular pathogenic filmentous fungi in vitro.Methods It was an experimental study.Susceptibility tests were performed against 260 isolates of ocular pathogenic filmentous fungi by broth dilution antifungal susceptibility test of filamentous fungi approved by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A document The isolates included Fusarium spp.(136) , Aspergillus spp.(98), Alternaria alternata (9), Curmdaria lunata (3), and unusual ocular pathogens (14).Final concentration ranged from 0.008 to 16.000 mg/L for butenafine, from 0.031 to 16.000 mg/L for amphotericin B and natamycin, and from 0.5 to 256.0 mg/L for fluconazole.Following incubation at 35 ℃ for 48 h, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined according to the CLSI M38-A document For amphotericin B and natamycin, the MIC was defined as the lowest drug concentration that prevented any discernible growth.For butenafine and fluconazole, the MIC was defined as the lowest concentration in which an approximately 75% reduction compared to the growth of the control was observed.Candida parapsilosis ATCC22019 was used as quality control strains to validated the results.Mean MIC and MIC range, the MIC at which 50% of the isolates tested were inhibited (MIC_(50)) and the MIC at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited (MIC_(90)) , were provided for all the isolates tested by using descriptive statistical analysis with the statistical SPSS package (version 13.0).Results MIC_(90) of butenafine, natamycin, amphotericin B and fluconazole were 4,8,2 and 512 mg/L for Fusarium spp., respectively; 0.063, 32.000, 2.000 and 256.000 mg/L for Aspergillus spp., respectively; 0.5, 8.0, 2.0 and 128.0 mg/L for Alternaria alternat, respectively; 0.125, 2.000, 0.500 and 4.000 mg/L for Curvularia lunata, respectively; and 1,4,1 and 256 mg/L for unusual ocular pathogens, respectively.Conclusions Butenafine exhibits potent antifungal activity against a wide variety of ocular pathogenic fungi, especially for Aspergilllus spp., Alternaria altemata, Curvularia lunata, and some unusual ocular pathogens and may have a role in future studies of antifungal eye drops and treating fungal keratitis.

Objective To investigate the cytotoxic effect of three kinds of topical ocular anti-allergic agent, including olopatadine 0.1% (A group), ketotifen fumarate 0.025% ( B group) and pemirolast postassium 0.1% (C group) , on cultured human corneal epithelial cells in vitro.Methods Primary human corneal epithelial cells were cultured with keratinocyte serum-free medium.The cells were exposed to three kinds of topical ocular anti-allergic agent for a period of 10 min, 30 min, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h.Toxicity was examined in three ways.MTT assay was used to quantify cytotoxicity.Cell membrane permeability and intracellular esterase activity were analyzed with live-dead viability staining of fluorescent calmein-AM/ethidiuin homodimer.The morphologic analysis was performed by light and scanning electron microscopy.Statistical methods adopted one-way ANOVA ( analysis of variance) and Student-Newman-Keuls q test between each group.The P-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant Results (1) Morphologic changes; The Findings under the light microscopy were demonstrated that cells became round or edematic and detached from dishes after exposure to topical ocular anti-allergic agent The cellular damage was more severe with longer exposure time and increasing concentration.Likewise, the electron microscopy examination showed reduced microville with longer exposure time and increasing concentration.The cellular changes of 20.0% olopatadine 0.1 % were reduced when compared to the other agents.(2) Live/dead viability/cytotoxicity assay: Ethidium homodimeris permeates damaged cell memberanes and results in red fluorescence.These results indicated that cell membrane damage caused by 20.0% olopatadine 0.1 % at 6, 12,24 h was less than those of ketotifen fumarate 0.025% and pemirolast postassium 0.1%.The data of A group were (29.7±2.6)%, (36.9±3.2)%, (51.2±4.3)%, B group were (36.5±3.1)%, (48.5±4.3)%, (75.5±3.8)% and C group were (37.1±2.2)% , (52.7±3.4)% , (71.1±5.1)%, respectively.The q values of A to B group and A to C group at 6 h were 3.27, 4.31, respectively (P < 0.05).The green fluorescent staining of calcein-AM indicated intracellular esterase activity was decreased after incubation with increaxing concentration and longer exposure time.There was no significantly different result between each group (P > 0.05).The proportion of green staining cell of A, B and C group at 24 h were 100.0% with 50.0% concentration and were (23.2±4.6) % , ( 29.5±5.2) % , (31.1±5.5 ) % respectively with 20.0% concentration (F = 1.97, P = 0.377).(3) MTT assay: The results of the three groups revealed cell viability decreased significantly with increasing concentration and longer exposure time at all the concentrations except 0.8%.MTT values for A, B and C group at the concentration of 20.0% , at 6 h were 0.429±0.028, 0.367±0.038, 0.379±0.012 and 4% at 24 h were 0.457±0.025, 0.401±0.008, 0.387±0.012, respectively.The data for olopatadine 0.1% were significantly improved over those of ketotifen fumarate 0.025% and pemirolast postassium 0.1%.The q value of A to B group, A to C group were 3.01, 3.77 (P<0.05) at the concentration of 20.0% , 6 h and were 3.63, 4.11 (P<0.05) at the concentration, 24 h.There were no statistical significant results at other concentrations.Conclusions The topical ocular anti-allergic agent, olopatadine 0.1 % , showed less toxic effects on human comeal epithelial cells compared to ketotifen fumarate 0.025% and pemirolast postassium 0.1% .Olopatadine 0.1% may offer a safer option to the corneal epithelium when used to treat allergic keratoconjunctivitis over an extended period of time.

Objective To discuss the mechanism of J2 on preventing mice's corneal rejection.Methods In experimental study, Balb/c mice had been divided into A, B, C, D, E groups randomly.There were 13 mice in each of Group A, C and E, while 7 in both Group B and D.Group A did no management; Group B, autograft control; Group C, D and E, allograft groups (C57BL/6 were used as donors) ; Group B and Group C were given placebo; Group D and Group E were treated with orally cyclosporine A (CsA) (10 mg per kilogram of body weight) and J2 (15 mg per kilogram of body weight), respectively.To observe the variation of lymphocyte subgroup of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in different groups by flow cytometer analysis every week after comeal transplantation.DTH assay had been done at week 3, cytokines including interleukin-2 (IL-2) , IL-10, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) , secreting level of mouse spleen cells detected by ELLISPOT assay on day 18 after comeal transplantation.To apply single factor analysis of variance, single factor analysis of variance for repeat measured data and so on to analyze the data.Results The results of flow cytometer analysis showed: lymphocyte subgroup of peripheral blood mononuclear cells had not proliferated specifically in Croup E,compared to Group B and Group D( for CD3~+ CD4~+T lymphocyte, E-B,P=0.776, E-D,P=0.606; for CD3~+ CD8~+ T lymphocyte, E-B, P=0.941, E-D,P =0.482).DTH assay showed low reaction to both donor's and third strain mouse spleen cells in Group E (F = 1.00, P = 0.422).The results of ELLISPOT assay indicated: the spot level of IL-2, IFN-γ in Group E raised slightly compared to Group A, but compared to Group B, there was no statistically significant difference (for IL-2, P = 0.832; for IFN-γ,P= 0.356).The spot level of IL-10 between all groups had no statistically significant difference ( F = 2.911, P = 0.240).Conclusion J2 could block up the process of antigen presentation by inhibiting CD4/major histocompability complex- Ⅱ (MHC-Ⅱ ) moleculeonania, while secreting IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ did not have specificity change.

Objective To construct the eukaryotic express vector of wild type and R555W mutated transforming growth factor β induced ( BIGH3 ) gene, and to determine the effects of overexpression of R555W mutated BIGH3 in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells.Methods The full coding domain sequence of BIGH3 gene was cloned from human corneal tissue from operative spaceman with RT-PCR.Mutagenesis of R555W-BIGH3 was performed in rapid site-directed mutagenesis technique in the expression vector pIRES2-EGFP.The two types of BIGH3 gene were transient transfected to HCE cells.Immunoblotting was used to detect the expression of BIGH3.The cell apoptosis rates were observed by flow cytometry.The morphological changes of the cells were examined by electron microscopy.The viability of caspase-3 was examined.Results Wild type and mutated BIGH3 gene were successfully amplified by PCR.After HCE cells transfected with two types eukaryotic expression plasmind, the BIGH3 were detected in the HCE cells.The cell apoptosis were observed by flow cytometry and electron microscopy.The viability of caspase-3 was increased in the RSSSW mutated type.Conclusions The R555W mutated BIGH3 is successfully obtained by rapid site-directed mutagenesis technique.Overexpression of R555W mutated BIGH3 induces apoptosis in HCE cells through activation of caspase-3.

Objective To investigate the effects of benzalkonium chloride ( BAC), a preservative used in many ophthalmic topical solutions, on mucinl ( MUC1 ) in human conjunctival epithelial cells in vitro.Methods Cultured epithelial cells obtained from human conjunctiva were exposed to medium containing BAC solutions at 0.0100% , 0.0050% , 0.0010% , 0.0005% and 0.0001% concentrations for a period of 15 min.Cells were examined after treatment and 6,12, 24, 48 and 72 h later.The relative expression of the MUC1 mucin gene was determined by conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Monoclonal antibody for MUC1 was used in Western blot analysis to detect MUC1.Results Cell exposure to 0.0100% and 0.0050% BAC decreased the expression of MUC1 at gene level between 12 and 72 h after treatment Cells treated with 0.0010% and 0.0005% BAC decreased the expression of MUC1 between 24 and 48 h after treatment,recovered 72 h after treatment.At protein level, cells exposed to 0.0100% BAC decreased MUC1 between 24 and 72 h, 0.0050% BAC between 12 and 72 h, 0.0010% BAC 72 h later.Conclusions These results suggest that BAC induces decreased expression of MUC1 at both gene and protein levels.The mode of BAC-induced decreased expression of MUC1 is dose-dependent

Rejection after corneal transplantation is currently the lead of the main reasons for corneal graft failure.Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) is still one of the gold standard surgeries for these patients.In recent years, improving the surgical techniques to reduce the incidence of comeal allograft rejection has been the way to more and more attention to the majority of ophthalmologists.To generalize and analyze the recent research of new technologies of femtosecond laser shaped penetrating keratoplasty of top-hat configuration (FS-TH-PKP) , manual top-hat wound configuration for penetrating keratoplasty (M-TH-PKP) , and half-top-hat penetrating keratoplasty (HTH-PKP) surgeries.

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) is an inflammatory disease involving multiple systems in the whole body, mainly manifested as panuveitis, meningeal irritation symptoms, hearing impairment, skin and hair changes, etc. It is a common type of uveitis in China, accounting for about 16.1% of all uveitis patients, most of whom were treated with large doses of systemic glucocorticoids early.

Posterior conical lens or posterior spherical lens refers to the progressive and localized spherical or conical bulge of the posterior capsule of the lens, which is a rare congenital abnormality of the lens shape [1-2]. In order to improve the understanding of ophthalmologists on this kind of congenital abnormality of lens, the diagnosis and treatment of a child with posterior conical lens and posterior subcapsular cataract admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology of Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University is reported as follows.

Frost-like dendritic retinal vasculitis was first reported by Japanese scholar Ito et al. ([1]) in 1976 because of the extensive yellow-white exudation around the retinal blood vessels, which resembles ice on the branches.

A 46-year-old male patient was treated with triamcinolone acetonide on February 15, 2009 because he felt swelling in both eyes and blurred vision for 6 hours after triamcinolone acetonide was injected into his scalp. The patient was treated with triamcinolone acetonide on January 21, 2009 because of scalp folliculitis. Each injection of triamcinolone acetonide was 20 mg/2 ml. At the first two injections, he felt a bump in his scalp. After the third injection of triamcinolone acetonide 35.0mg/3.5ml, about 10 minutes after the injection, although there was no mass on the scalp, I felt palpitation, weakness in my limbs, black eyes with swelling and pain, and then I lost consciousness briefly. My family was rushed to the local hospital for treatment. No abnormalities were found in the head CT and electrocardiogram examination. I asked an ophthalmologist for consultation, and it was found that the pupils of both eyes were dilated and the intraocular pressure was high. I was diagnosed as bilateral "glaucoma". I urgently performed anterior chamber puncture of both eyes to reduce intraocular pressure. I was given 1% pilocarpine eye solution to reduce mydrias, 0.5% timolol maleate eye solution to both eyes, and 20% mannitol 250 ml was intravenously infused. The symptoms did not improve, so I was transferred to our hospital for treatment.

A 62-year-old male patient came to the Department of Ophthalmology of Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region on March 18, 2008 due to "sudden decline of visual acuity in right eye with occlusion of dark shadow" for 2d. Physical examination: no other abnormalities were found except blood pressure 150/100 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa). Ocular examination: visual acuity was checked by international standard visual acuity chart. The anterior index of visual acuity in right eye, visual acuity in left eye, 0.8. IOP: 12 mm Hg in right eye, 10 mm Hg in left eye.

Intraepithelial epithelioma of cornea, also known as corneal carcinoma in situ, is a monocular epithelial tumor with slow course. The earliest change is abnormal intraepithelial hyperplasia, which is restricted by the basement membrane below it. With the progression of the disease, the abnormal proliferation tissue can break through the basement membrane and invade the underlying tissue.

Explosion injury can cause damage to many tissues of the eyeball, resulting in multiple small foreign bodies in the cornea. Previously, the method of removing foreign bodies from the corneal surface was mostly used; For deep corneal foreign bodies, wait until the foreign bodies move forward, and then remove the exposed ones one after another.

Following the successful "First Chinese Ophthalmology Young and Middle-aged Forum" held by the editorial board of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association in 2009, at the request of the majority of ophthalmologists, the "Second Chinese Ophthalmology Young and Middle-aged Forum (and Organizing Meeting)" sponsored by this journal will be held in Shanghai in late June 2010. The content of this forum integrates the rational application of ophthalmic drugs and the promotion of new technologies and new equipment.

The 11th National Conference on Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases and the 2nd National Conference on Corneal Refractive Surgery, sponsored by the Keratology Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association and undertaken by Shandong Institute of Ophthalmology, will be held in Qingdao, Shandong Province in early June 2010. Ophthalmologists and colleagues at home and abroad and people from the ophthalmology business community are invited to attend the event.

Approved by China Association for Science and Technology, it is co-sponsored by Ophthalmology Branch of Shanghai Medical Association, Ophthalmology Branch of Medical Associations of Six Provinces in East China, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Optometry Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Optometry College of Wenzhou Medical College and China International Science and Technology Conference Center; Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University,

The Ophthalmology Center of Tianjin Medical University will hold a training course on phacoemulsification cataract aspiration surgery, glaucoma, ocular surface diseases and corneal refractive surgery from May 28 to June 1, 2010. At that time, well-known experts at home and abroad and experts from our center will be invited to give special lectures and surgical demonstrations. The training course will arrange a special Wet-lab for participants to perform phacoemulsification cataract aspiration surgery animal eye operation.

In order to comply with the development trend of network and digitalization of journals and provide high-quality services for authors and readers, the Journal of Chinese Medical Association has developed a remote manuscript management system. The system is designed according to the business requirements of manuscript processing process, editing and processing specification, manuscript review system and management specification of Chinese Medical Association series magazines. It adopts advanced database and network technology, and has strong data processing and analysis ability.

1. Statistical symbols: According to the relevant provisions of GB3358-1982 ((Statistical Nouns and Symbols), statistical symbols are typeset in italics. Commonly used: (1) The arithmetic mean of the sample is in English lowercase ^-x (median is in M); (2) The standard deviation is in English lowercase s; (3) The standard is misused in English lowercase si; (4) The t test is in English lowercase t;

According to international practice and the actual situation in China, for papers that meet the following conditions, the Chinese Medical Association series journals allow and accept the republication of relevant papers of the same research in different languages.

If the topic involved in the thesis is a national or ministerial or provincial fund or key project, the name of the fund project should be indicated with "Fund Project": as a logo at the beginning of the article, and the project number should be indicated in parentheses. The name of the fund project shall be filled in according to the official name stipulated by the relevant departments of the state, and a number of funds shall be listed in turn, separated by ";". All fund projects must be accompanied by copies of certificates.

The "fast track" paper must be innovative, important and scientific, and the early publication of the paper will have a significant impact on clinical and scientific research work. Requirements for "fast track" paper submission: (1) When the author submits a manuscript online, he should provide application materials explaining the reasons why the paper needs to be published through the "fast track". (2) The author provides the "novelty search report" issued by provincial and above libraries or medical information research institutes.

The Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology was founded on October 1, 1950. It was sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association and edited by the Editorial Committee of the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology. The editorial committee is composed of nearly 100 well-known ophthalmologists in China. The current editor-in-chief Zhao Kanxing and the editorial director Huang Yibin. The main readers of this journal are ophthalmologists across the country, and it is publicly distributed at home and abroad. China Standard Issue Number: ISSN0412-4081, CN11-2142/R; Postal Code: 2-60; National map code: M93.

In order to promote the scientific and technological journals sponsored by CAST and its affiliated national societies to better serve the independent innovation of science and technology, strengthen the function of academic exchange, promote the implementation of the strategy of fine scientific and technological journals, improve the core competitiveness of scientific and technological journals, and improve the ability of national societies to serve the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and strengthening the country through talents, CAST has organized and implemented the application and evaluation of projects funded by fine scientific and technological journals since 2006.

In order to strengthen the academic exchange of ophthalmology at home and abroad, expand the international vision of domestic ophthalmologists, and promote the integration of domestic ophthalmology with international standards as soon as possible, the Health Express Training Network (www.lxleam.com) has been specially established. The training network will serve all domestic ophthalmologists in the form of public welfare.

The book "In vivo confocal microscope of ocular surface" (edited by Professor Xu Jianjiang), one of the "Application Series of New Ophthalmology Technologies" edited by Professor Sun Xinghuai of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, has been published by Fudan University Press. In vivo confocal microscope of ocular surface is a new type of high precision and high magnification microscope which has appeared in recent years. As an auxiliary diagnostic device with strong clinical practicality,

In order to meet the needs of the information age, the editorial department of Chinese Journal of Medical Aesthetics officially launched the remote manuscript processing system of Chinese Medical Association from January 1, 2010. All paper manuscripts will no longer be accepted. Please cooperate and support the authors. At that time, the majority of authors will be able to know the manuscript processing and the final use information in a short time, which shortens the processing cycle and publication cycle of the manuscript of this journal.

Conjunctivalochalasis is a common age-related ocular surface disease in the elderly. With the accelerating aging of the population, the number of people with conjunctiva relaxation will increase day by day. Severe conjunctival relaxation requires surgical treatment. In order to standardize the surgical treatment plan and prevent iatrogenic ocular surface damage, Professor Zhang Xingru combined his more than 10 years' research results on surgical treatment of this disease (including key technologies such as indications for surgical treatment, standardized surgical operation, prevention and treatment of surgical complications) with literature and materials to make a CD.

Keratoconus is a kind of progressive thinning and bulging of the central or paracentral cornea, which eventually leads to high astigmatism or corneal scar [1]. Penetrating keratoplasty can only be performed in the late stage of keratoconus, but it cannot avoid immune rejection and weakened incision tensile resistance.

Conjunctiva relaxation is a common age-related eye disease in the elderly ~ ([1-4]). With the aging of the population, the number of patients with conjunctiva relaxation will increase day by day, and severe cases can affect eye vision and quality of life ~ ([5]). However, the cognition rate of conjunctiva relaxation is low among ophthalmologists in China, which is easy to cause misdiagnosis and mistreatment, so it is of great significance to carry out continuing education on conjunctiva relaxation.

Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology is a professional academic journal of ophthalmology sponsored by Chinese Medical Association. It targets ophthalmologists as the main readers, reporting leading scientific research achievements, clinical diagnosis and treatment experience in the field of ophthalmology, and basic theoretical research that has a guiding role in ophthalmology clinical practice and is closely integrated with ophthalmology clinical practice. The purpose of this journal is to implement the principles and policies of the Party and the state on health work, implement the principle of combining theory with practice, popularization and improvement, reflect the significant progress of clinical and scientific research in ophthalmology in China,