Volume 42 ·  Issue 05 ·  2006

This paper briefly describes the definition of individual selection of intraocular lens and the basic principles of individual selection of intraocular lens. Examples are given to illustrate the importance of selecting different types of intraocular lens for different types of patients. It is emphasized that it is our common responsibility to ensure the best postoperative results and the best patient satisfaction in the selection of intraocular lens.

Objective to investigate the difference of wavefront aberration and imaging quality of three different kinds of intraocular lens after implantation. Methods 76 patients (80 eyes) with senile cataract after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (26 eyes with acrylate, 27 eyes with hydrogel and 27 eyes with silicone gel) WASCA wavefront aberration was used to measure the wavefront aberration indexes of intraocular lens eyes at the pupil diameter of 4.0 mm at 3 months postoperative.The coma, spherical aberration, total aberration, total high-order aberration and Zernike constants from Z (2, -2) to Z (4, -4) in the examination results were measured by independent sample t-test.Results Except that the total high-order aberration (S3+ S4) of acrylate intraocular lens was slightly higher than that of silicone gel intraocular lens (P =0.011), the Z (3,1) of acrylate intraocular lens was higher than that of hydrogel intraocular lens (P =0.038), there was no statistical significance among the other indexes.

Objective to investigate the surgical method of new elastic open loop anterior chamber intraocular lens (ACIOL) implantation and evaluate its long-term efficacy and safety. Methods 34 eyes underwent cataract extraction combined with anterior segment vitrectomy and stage I ACIOL implantation, and 49 eyes with postoperative aphakia underwent stage II ACIOL implantation. The average age was 43.5 years. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure, corneal endothelial cells, chamber angle and surgical complications were examined. The follow-up was 3 to 7 years, average 4.8 years. Results The best corrected visual acuity was ≥0.5 in 65 eyes (78.3%). The best corrected visual acuity was (13.55 ± 3.21) mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) before operation and (13.40 ± 4.29) mm Hg at the last follow-up (t =0.5427, P =0.5888). The average preoperative density of corneal endothelial cells was (2497 ± 629) /mm2 in stage I implantation group and (1995 ± 648) /mm2 at the last follow-up. Compared with the two groups, the loss rate of intraocular lens (IOL) was higher in stage I implantation group (P =0.023). The fulcrum of intraocular lens (IOL) was mostly located in the angular recess or scleral process, and a few were located in the iris root or trabecular meshwork, and no palpable corneal endothelial cells were found. The pigment of trabecular meshwork increased to varying degrees compared with that before operation. Late complications were secondary glaucoma in 2 eyes (2.4%), pupil deformation in 1 eye (1.2%), retinal detachment in 2 eyes (2.4%) and corneal endothelial decompensation in 2 eyes (2.4%). Conclusion New elastic open loop anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation is an optional surgical method for aphakic eyes without capsule support, and long-term follow-up is needed to detect and manage complications in time.

Objective to investigate the causes and pathogenesis of intraocular lens displacement or dislocation. Methods A total of 31 patients underwent phacoemulsification cataract aspiration in our hospital from December 1995 to May 2004. After mydriasis, the position, size and shape of the abnormal structure of the lens capsular bag and the position variation of the intraocular lens were observed under slit lamp microscope or surgical microscope, and the displaced or dislocated intraocular lens was operatively reduced, replaced or removed. In 5 (16.1%) patients, the subluxation of intraocular lens was located at the anterior end of the vitreous body due to the broken posterior capsule, 9 (29.0%) patients, the subluxation of intraocular lens was located at the anterior end of the vitreous body due to the broken posterior capsule, 1 (3.2%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 6 (19.4%) patients, 6 (19.4%) patients, 6 (19.4%) patients, 1 (3.2%) patients, 1 (3.2%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 2 (6.5%) patients, 6 (19.4%) patients, 6 (19.4%) patients, 6 (19.4%) patients, 6 (19.4%) patients, 6 (19.5%) patients, 6 (19.4%) patients, 6 (19.4%) patients, 6 (19.5%) patients, 6 (19.5%) patients, 6 (19.5%) patients, 6 (19.5%) patients, 6 (16.1%) patients, 6 (16.1%) patients, 6 (16.5%) patients, 6 (16.1%), 6 (16.1%) patients, 6 (16.1%), 6 (16.5%) patients, 6 (16.5%), 6 (16.5%) patients, 6 (16.5%), 6 (16.5%) patients, 6 (16.5%), 6 (16.5%), 6 (16.5%) patients, 6 (19.5%), 6 (19.5%), 6 (19.4%), 6 (19.4%) patients, 6 (19.5%), 6 (19.5%), 6 (19.5%), 6 (19.4%), 6 (19.5%), 6 (19.4%), 6 (19.5%), 6 (16.5%), 6 (16.5%) patients (16.5%), 6 (16.5%), 6 (16.5%), 6 (16.5%), 6 (16.5%), 6 (16.5%), 6 (16.5%), 6 (16.5%) patients (16.5%), 6 (16.5%, 6 (16.5%), 6 (16.5%), 6 (16.5% (16.5% (16.5%)

Objective to evaluate the clinical efficacy of continuous circular posterior capsule laceration combined with intraocular lens optical posterior capsule clamping in the treatment of children's cataract.Methods 51 cases (83 eyes) of children with congenital cataract underwent continuous circular posterior capsule laceration combined with intraocular lens optical posterior capsule clamping were retrospectively analyzed.The naked eye visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, diopter and intraocular pressure were recorded before and after operation.The surgical complications and postoperative ocular condition were observed, and the follow-up time was 6~36 months.Results A total of 75 eyes were successfully clamped with intraocular lens optical posterior capsule clamping during operation, with the success rate of operation accounting for 90.4%; The best corrected visual acuity after operation was ≥0.5, accounting for 48.0% (36/75), and there was no opacity in the visual axis of the children with successful clamping during follow-up; The main complications include anterior chamber exudate, posterior iris adhesion and intraocular lens surface deposits. Conclusion Continuous circular posterior capsule laceration combined with posterior capsule clamping in optical part of intraocular lens is a safe and effective method for the treatment of children's cataract, especially for the prevention of posterior cataract.

Objective to evaluate the clinical diagnostic efficacy of FDT by meta-analysis of the literature on the diagnosis of primary glaucoma by frequency doubling perimetry (FDT) using the abnormal detection results and/or fundus changes of standard automatic perimetry.Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, BIOSIS, Previews, HMIC, IPA, OVID Evidence-based Medicine Database, China Journal Network Special Full Text Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, China Medical Academic Conference Papers, China Excellent Master's and Doctoral Thesis Database, Super Star Digital Library and Scholar's Home Digital Library were searched electronically. Relevant textbooks, magazines, conference papers and their references were manually retrieved at home and abroad. The literature was screened according to the diagnostic test inclusion criteria recommended by Cochrane Collaborative Network, and the quality of the included literature was evaluated, and the characteristic information of the included studies was extracted. The data analysis was carried out by using Meta test version 0.6 software to test the heterogeneity, and the corresponding effect model was selected for meta-analysis according to the test results. All the studies were weighted and quantitatively combined, and the sensitivity, specificity and 95% confidence interval were calculated. The summarized subject working characteristic curve (SROC) was drawn, and the area under the curve was calculated. Finally, the sensitivity analysis was carried out. Results A total of 206 related literatures were retrieved, and 15 English literatures (21 studies) met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 3172 subjects. The sensitivity range of FDT in the diagnosis of primary glaucoma was 0.51~1.00, and the specificity range was 0.58~1.00. There was heterogeneity in the included studies. The calculation and summary were carried out according to the random effect model, The sensitivity and specificity were 0.86 (0.80~0.90) and 0.87 (0.81~0.91), respectively. The area under the SROC curve was 93.01%. The stability of the included literature was good. Conclusion The included literature was of high quality, and the summary meta-analysis showed that FDT was more effective in diagnosing primary glaucoma, but high-quality prospective studies were needed for further analysis.

Objective to analyze the gene mutation in two families of human palpebral stenosis syndrome (BPES) and 6 sporadic cases in China.Methods Five microsatellite loci D3S3696, D3S1549, D3S3586, D3S1764 and D3S1744 in 3q region of chromosome were selected for lineage linkage analysis, and the candidate gene FOXL2 in the suggestive linkage region was screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing techniques.Results The lineage linkage analysis showed that the pathogenic gene was located in the range of 9.88 cM between D3S3696 and D3S1744 in 3q23 region. The maximum LOD of loci D3S1549 and D3S3586 was 2.11 (θ =0.00), and that of D3S1764 was 1.51 (θ =0.00); Screening of FOXL2 gene mutations showed that 2 sporadic patients had 909~938 dup 30 repeat mutation and 1 sporadic patient had 1041~1042ins C frameshift mutation, but there was no mutation in the two lineages. Conclusion Two lineages are linked to D3S1549, D3S3586 and D3S1764 in 3q23 region. Two mutations of FOXL2 gene were found for the first time in sporadic patients, among which 909~938 dup 30 mutation is considered to be one of the two major mutation hotspots of FOXL2 gene in BPES syndrome.

Objective to construct a prokaryotic expression vector of platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) to express sufficient amount of PDGF-BB protein, and to observe the proliferation of corneal endothelial cells cultured in vitro. Methods Total RNA was extracted from placental tissue of healthy cesarean women, and PDGF-B Cdna was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression plasmid Pet-PDGF-B was cloned into Pet-28a (+) containing T7 promoter, and the expression plasmid Pet-PDGF-B was constructed. The expression strain BL-PDGF-B was obtained by transforming Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The expression of PDGF-BB protein was carried out, and the expression protein was purified and renaturated with Ni2+ -NTA resin; The obtained PDGF-BB protein was applied to cultured cat corneal endothelial cells in vitro, and its effect on cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay; Morphological changes and internal ultrastructure of cells were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope and transmission electron microscope. Results Pet-PDGF-B plasmid was successfully constructed by gene sequencing. The expression of PDGF-BB in BL21 (DE3) E. coli was highly efficient by gel scanning analysis. The expressed PDGF-B monomeric protein was revealed by sodium lauryl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and a specific protein band with a relative molecular weight of about 27 000 was revealed. The expressed PDGF-BB protein can promote the proliferation of cat corneal endothelial cells in vitro by MTT assay. Conclusion The successful construction of Pet-PDGF-B prokaryotic expression vector and the preparation and purification of PDGF-BB protein laid the foundation for the production of active PDGF-BB protein and its further functional studies.

Objective to investigate the therapeutic effect and safety of amphotericin B intraocular sustained-release system on experimental Candida albicans endophthalmitis in rabbits. Methods The sustained-release system was prepared from amphotericin B and glycolide-lactide-caprolactone terpolymer (PGLC). (1) Pharmacodynamic experiment: 50 New Zealand rabbits were subjected to central vitrectomy in their right eyes and injected with 104cfu/ml Candida albicans suspension 0.1ml intraocularly. After constructing an endophthalmitis model, they were divided into 5 groups with 10 eyes in each group by random number table method. Group B, blank drug carrier group; Group C, amphotericin B eye drop group; Group D, amphotericin B intraocular injection group; Group E, amphotericin B intraocular sustained release system group. The intraocular inflammatory reaction of each group was compared and observed. The intraocular amphotericin B concentration was measured regularly by high performance liquid chromatography. (2) Toxicity experiment: 20 normal New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups: normal control group, 2 eyes; In the DDS group, 10 eyes were implanted with 1 capsule of sustained-release system containing 1 mg of drug in the eye; In the blank carrier group, 8 eyes were implanted with blank drug carrier. Electroretinogram, ocular pathology and transmission electron microscopy were examined, and liver and kidney pathology were examined respectively. Results Vitreous opacity in Group E was significantly reduced at each time point compared with Group A, B and C; There was no difference in vitreous opacity between group E and group D within 2 weeks, but there was a difference after that; Vitreous opacity in Group D was different from that in Group A, B and C within 2 weeks, but there was no difference after 2 weeks; There was no significant difference in vitreous opacity in group C compared with group A and group B. There was no significant change in electroretinogram after intraocular implantation of sustained-release system, and no abnormal changes were found in retinal pathology, electron microscopy and liver and kidney pathology.Conclusion Amphotericin B intraocular sustained-release system can inhibit the progression of Candida albicans endophthalmitis.PGLC sustained-release system is stable, safe and nontoxic.

Objective to investigate the effect of recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor antisense nucleotide (rAAV-aVEGF165) on the inhibition of corneal neovascularization (CNV) in rats.Methods the structural genes of rAAV-aVEGF165 and recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated β-galactosidase (rAAV-Lacz) were constructed by triplasmid co-transfection. Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group by lottery method, 24 rats in each group, and CNV production was induced by alkali burn method.The conjunctival sac of the experimental group was injected with rAAV-aVEGF165 (1010pfu/ml), and the conjunctival sac of the control group was injected with rAAV-Lacz (1010pfu/ml); Histochemical staining of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indole-β-D-galactoside (X-gal) was used to detect the expression of Lacz gene in conjunctival sac; On 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 30 days after alkali burn, the growth of corneal neovascularization was evaluated by morphological analysis, and the expression of VEGF in corneal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results After 2 days of injection of rAAV-Lacz conjunctival sac in the control group, the expression efficiency of Lacz gene in conjunctival tissue was 21.36%±1.07%; After 30 days, the expression efficiency of Lacz gene in subconjunctival tissues was 28.02% ± 1.16%. After alkali burn injection of rAAV-aVEGF165 in the conjunctival sac, the CNV area, the density of new blood vessels and the expression of VEGF in corneal tissues in the experimental group were significantly reduced, and the differences were statistically significant (F =1639.22, F =2187.16, F =719.17, P<0.01). Conclusion rAAV-aVEGF165 can significantly inhibit the formation of CNV after alkali burn, and its mechanism is related to the reduction of VEGF expression in corneal tissues. Recombinant adeno-associated virus is an effective vector for antisense gene therapy.

Objective to detect the content of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in peripheral blood lymphocytes and trabecular tissues of rabbits and to investigate the relationship between them and steroid-induced glaucoma. Methods the model of intraocular hypertension induced by glucocorticoid was prepared by subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone every other day for 1 month. Before and after the experiment, the number of GR in peripheral blood lymphocytes and trabecular cells of rabbits was measured by 3H dexamethasone radioligand assay, and the relationship between them was investigated. The relationship between initial GR content and GR expression and intraocular hypertension was compared. Results the expression of GR in peripheral blood lymphocytes and trabecular cells of rabbits was (3642±947) locus/cell, and the GR content in trabecular cells was (2437.85±733.93) dmp/mg, and the expression levels of the two were positively correlated (r =0.862, P<0.01). In the 3H dexamethasone-treated group, the number of GR receptor in peripheral blood lymphocytes of rabbits decreased and intraocular pressure increased. The changes of GR in peripheral blood lymphocytes and intraocular pressure increased before and after the experiment Conclusion the amount of GR in peripheral blood lymphocytes can indirectly reflect the level of GR in trabecular cells, which is closely related to the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma.

Congenital resting night blindness (CSNB) is a group of retinopathies with different genetic patterns, with characteristic clinical and visual electrophysiological manifestations. Five pathogenic genes have been identified. The clinical, electrophysiological and molecular genetics of CSNB are reviewed.

The rise and penetration of information technology into various subjects is a major trend of scientific development nowadays. Ophthalmology informatics was born by the combination of ophthalmology and informatics. Ophthalmology informatics is a new means to promote the deep development of traditional ophthalmology by developing and evaluating various methods and systems for obtaining, processing and interpreting patient data with the help of ophthalmology knowledge. In order to make more ophthalmologists understand the knowledge of ophthalmology informatics and apply it to practical work, the author comprehensively reviews the definition, principle, research content and methods of ophthalmology informatics, lists some examples of related research on ophthalmology informatics in recent years in China, and puts forward the basic framework of the research content of ophthalmology informatics.

In order to promote the healthy development of academic activities of ophthalmology in China, it is necessary to maintain academic morality and standardize academic behavior<Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China,<Patent Law of the People's Republic of China>,<General Principles of Civil Law of the People's Republic of China>and other national laws and the Ministry of Education<In the spirit of Several Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Academic Morality, and in combination with the actual situation of the Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the national ophthalmology community, these regulations are specially formulated.

The degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPECs) leads to secondary changes in the retinal sensory layer and even visual loss. The transplantation of RPECs is still a hot spot in clinic and research [1]. Among them, the labeling of transplanted cells has always been a difficult problem in transplantation research [2]. The live dye carboxyfluresceindiacetate [5- (and-6) -carboxyfluresceindiacetate, succinimidyl ester, CFDA-SE] was originally used to study lymphocyte proliferation [3]. It has the advantages of good staining, high positive rate, intuitive and reliable observation results, and can track labeled cells for a long time. Now, it has been applied to label blood cells, and has been successfully used for the localization and labeling of transplanted cells [4, 5]. We used this dye to label RPECs for the first time, and deeply explored the feasibility and advantages of this labeling method, which opened up a broad prospect for the future research of RPECs transplantation.

Sponsored by the Department of Ophthalmology of Peking University First Hospital and co-organized by Gaoshi Yuanwang Company, the National Glaucoma Imaging Diagnosis and Laser New Technology Study Class is scheduled to be held in Beijing from June 15 to 18, 2006. This class was approved by Peking University First Hospital, and well-known glaucoma experts with rich clinical experience in glaucoma imaging diagnosis and new laser technology were given by Peking University First Hospital Ophthalmology Glaucoma Professional Group, Peking University People's Hospital Ophthalmology Department and Beijing Tongren Ophthalmology Center of Capital Medical University. The contents of the lectures include color stereoscopic fundus photography, angulation examination, Heidelberg retinal confocal laser fundus scanning system, coherence optical tomography technology, ultrasound bioscopy, polarization laser scanner and other imaging diagnostic techniques, the application of visual field examination techniques in glaucoma diagnosis, and the introduction of methods and curative effects of new laser treatment techniques for glaucoma such as selective laser sorghum plasty. This class will also arrange the operation demonstration of some instruments and experts' questions and answers. Those who pass the period will receive Class I credits of Chinese Medical Association Continuing Education.

Practical Ophthalmology Diagnosis is a large-scale reference book of Chinese ophthalmology, which contains many materials that are difficult to find in Chinese and foreign books at present, paving the way for China's ophthalmology to integrate with international standards. The author, Shi Dianxiong, has worked in the Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Medical College and Chongqing Medical College for nearly 30 years, and then worked in the Kresge Institute of Ophthalmology of Wayne State University School of Medicine in the United States for 20 years. He wrote this book based on his many years of clinical and teaching experience.

With the rapid development of phacoemulsification cataract aspiration combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, the prevention and treatment of postoperative complications has become the focus of research, among which posterior cataract, that is, posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common. At present, the methods to reduce the occurrence of PCO mainly include surgery and IOL. The inhibitory effect of right-angle edge design on PCO has been recognized [1]. However, due to the differences in production processes of various manufacturers, the influence of various right-angle edge design IOL on PCO in the market is still controversial. The development of evidence-based medicine provides a new idea for studying the effect of different types of right-angle edge IOL on PCO. This paper uses randomized self-control analysis method to observe whether the effect of right-angle edge IOL implantation on PCO formation is different.

retina pigment epithelium (RPE) cells have complex structures and special physiological functions. It is one of the main functions of the retina that RPE engulfs the exocytic disc (ROS), which is very important for the renewal of the exocytic disc and the maintenance of normal visual function. This dysfunction causes ROS accumulation and leads to severe retinal diseases [1-4]. At present, there is no effective treatment for these diseases. The different phagocytic mechanisms of RPE cells have not been elucidated at present. This study investigated the role of calcium ion signaling pathway during phagocytosis of RPE cells by measuring the changes of intracellular calcium ion during different phagocytosis processes, so as to further understand the role of transmembrane signaling system in the specific phagocytosis process of RPE cells.

Congenital nystagmus is not very rare in clinic. The occurrence of many congenital nystagmus diseases is related to heredity, and its hereditary patterns include autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance, as well as X-chromosome linked dominant and recessive inheritance. A family of X-linked hereditary nystagmus seen in our outpatient clinic is reported as follows.

A patient with intraorbital mass caused by lacrimal duct probing and erythromycin eye ointment injection due to chronic dacryocystitis was admitted to our hospital. The report is as follows.

IRVAN (idiopathic retinal vasculitis,aneurysms,and neuroretinitis,IRVAN) is an English abbreviation of idiopathic retinal vasculitis,aneurysms,and optic nerve retinitis.It is a rare ocular syndrome with no definite Chinese name at present. The main manifestations are unexplained peripheral retinal vascular obstruction,retinal vasculitis,and multiple posterior pole retinal aneurysms [1]. In recent domestic ophthalmology conferences,many researchers have communicated on the treatment of this syndrome, but there is no relevant literature reports.In 2004, a patient with two eyes was diagnosed and treated in our hospital. One eye was stable through active treatment, while the other eye developed neovascular glaucoma and became blind because of failure to complete the treatment.

The patient was a 9-year-old female who came to the ophthalmology department of our hospital in February 2003 because the tumor in the upper temporal area of her left eye grew gradually for more than 9 years, which affected her beauty. No abnormalities were found in physical examination. Eye examination: the visual acuity of both eyes was 1.0. No abnormalities were found in the outer eye and fundus of the right eye. The bulbar conjunctiva in the upper temporal area of her left eye was flat and bulged, 4~5 mm away from the limbus, in the meridian range from 12 o'clock to 4 o'clock, and the tumor extended backward to the fornix. The tumor was pale yellow, about 5~7 mm thick, soft and semi-fixed (Figure 1). The bulbar conjunctiva on the surface of the tumor was thickened and rough with horny substances, 3 short hairs and 11 sweat gland openings were seen in the palpebral fissure (Figure 2). No abnormalities were found in the cornea, anterior chamber and fundus examination.

A 46-year-old male patient came to our hospital in December 2004 because of left exophthalmos for 1 month and chest pain for half a month.Eye examination showed that the visual acuity of both eyes was 1.2, and no abnormalities were found in the right eye.The left eyeball was axially protruding, the protrusion degree was 9 mm in the right eye, 15 mm in the left eye, and the orbital distance was 96 mm. A mass could be palpable deep above the left external orbit, which was soft in texture, mildly tender, and movable. The external and upward turning of the eyeball was limited, the orbital pressure increased, the intraocular pressure was normal, the eyelid was swollen, the conjunctiva was not congested, the pale red lacrimal gland was compressed and protruding above the external conjunctiva, the cornea was transparent, the lens was transparent, the vitreous body was not opaque, and the fundus was normal. CT examination showed high-density shadow with unclear boundary above the left external orbit, bone destruction in the external orbital wall, and the mass spread backward and towards the temporal fossa. CT value: 69.2 Hu (Figure 1). MRI examination showed abnormal signal above the left external orbit, spreading to the temporal fossa and intracranial, with T1WI as medium signal and T2WI as medium-high signal (Figure 2).

Fibrous dysplasia is an osteomatous lesion of unknown cause, which was previously considered to be a non-hereditary disease. The author encountered a family in clinical work, and the report is as follows.

The important development period of the eye is the first 4~6 months of the embryo, and the infant period is the key stage of visual development. Therefore, the American Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus and the Council of American Academy of Ophthalmology revised and approved the work of visual screening and eye examination of early infants and children in 1991, 1996 and 2001 respectively [1]. About 20 million newborns are born in China every year [2], but there has been a lack of epidemiological statistics on the screening of neonatal eye diseases. This survey followed the principles of early detection, early diagnosis, early intervention and treatment, and carried out the screening of neonatal and infant eye diseases [1].