Volume 42 ·  Issue 04 ·  2006

It is necessary and urgent to strengthen the construction of academic moral standards in the ophthalmology field of our country. Under the great situation of rapid development of ophthalmology in our country, there are still serious problems such as anomie of academic moral and incorrect academic atmosphere. We should take practical and effective measures in the ophthalmology academic activities, standardize academic behaviors, purify and establish good academic atmosphere, and promote the healthy development of ophthalmology academic activities in our country. The regulations of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association on strengthening the construction of academic moral behavior standards are important measures to strengthen academic moral behavior standards, which deserve serious attention and strict implementation by ophthalmology colleagues all over the country.

In recent years, with the research progress of polymer chemistry, the research of ocular drug delivery system has also developed rapidly. In order to pay more attention to the research of ocular drug delivery system, the author briefly described the research progress of ocular drug delivery system and the research development situation in China, and reviewed the development of polymer materials with independent intellectual property rights in China, and correctly carried out the intraocular pharmacokinetics and ocular toxicology research of new ocular drug delivery system.

According to the present situation of submitted manuscripts in domestic ophthalmology journals, this paper analyzes and discusses some general problems existing in the research work of ophthalmologists in China in the aspects of topic setting, scientific research design, data analysis and paper writing, and puts forward some opinions and suggestions for the development of scientific research work of ophthalmologists in China.

Objective to investigate the inhibitory effect of FK506 sustained-release system (DDS) implantation in the anterior chamber on immune rejection after high-risk keratoplasty in rabbits and the relationship between the concentration of FK506 in aqueous humor and immune rejection. Methods 73 rabbits were randomly selected from 107 New Zealand white rabbits to make corneal neovascularization models. Among them, 68 rabbits were successfully established as recipients of high-risk keratoplasty animal models. The random number method was used to divide them into control group, blank DDS anterior chamber implantation group, cyclosporine A (CsA) DDS anterior chamber implantation group (containing CsA 1 mg), 0.1% FK506 eye drop group and FK506 DDS anterior chamber implantation group (containing FK506 0.5 mg). The time of corneal graft rejection was observed after corneal transplantation. The aqueous humor and venous blood of experimental rabbits in each group were taken 1 week after transplantation to detect the concentration of FK506 drug. The expressions of interleukin-2 receptor α (IL-2R α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), Fas and FasL mRNA in the corneal graft of each group were detected by in situ hybridization. Results The survival time of corneal graft in the FK506 DDS anterior chamber implantation group was more than 180 days, which was significantly better than that in other groups (F =926.37, P =0.0000). The concentration of FK506 drug in aqueous humor and corneal tissue was significantly higher than that in the FK506 DDS anterior chamber implantation group (T =21.00, P =0.0022) However, no significant inflammatory cell infiltration, IL-2R α and MCP-1 mRNA expression were observed in CsA DDS anterior chamber implantation group, FK506 eye droplet group and FK506 DDS implantation group, and no significant expression of Fas and FasL mRNA was observed in all groups. Conclusion FK506 DDS implantation in anterior chamber can effectively inhibit the occurrence of immune rejection after high-risk keratoplasty, and the higher concentration of FK506 in aqueous humor is an important factor to prevent and treat immune rejection after surgery.

Objective to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of FK506 and its nanoparticles in aqueous humor.Methods 42 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into: (1) FK506 nanocolloid droplet eye group (18 rabbits) and injection group (16 rabbits): 10 μ g of FK506 nanocolloid solution was dropped into conjunctival sac or injected subconjunctivally in both eyes; (2) FK506 eye drop group without nanoparticles (8 rabbits): divided into 2 subgroups, namely, 20 μ g and 40 μ g of FK506 eye drops were dropped into the conjunctival sac of both eyes, respectively. Aqueous humor was collected at different time points, and the content of FK506 in aqueous humor was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Results the effective drug concentration of aqueous humor could be maintained for 96 h and 16 h after subconjunctival injection and eye drops of nano-colloidal solution containing 10 μ g of FK506. The concentration of aqueous humor was (1.15±0.25) ng/ml 2 h after subconjunctival injection, (9.62±2.19) ~ (2.60±0.21) ng/ml 6-96 h after subconjunctival injection, and (15.50±3.39) ~ (2.59±0.83) ng/ml within 16 h after eye drops; The pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: peak time (Tmax) (64.00±13.86) h and (1.25±0.50) h, peak concentration (Cmax) (10.16±1.37) ng/ml and (15.52±2.37) ng/ml, area under the curve (AUC0→t) (612.48±54.39) ng·ml-1·h-1 and (152.44±16.74) ng·ml-1·h-1, absorption rate constants (Ka) 0.040±0.004 and 3.790±0.730, mean residence time (MRT) (58.53±5.42) h and (8.20±1.28) h. The Tmax of the solution containing 20 μ g of FK506 was 1 h and the Cmax was (18.93±6.95) ng/ml; The Tmax of 40 μ g FK506 solution was 2 h; The Cmax was (28.33 ± 1.31) ng/ml. Conclusion Subconjunctival injection of FK506 nanoparticles colloidal solution can prolong the retention time of FK506 in aqueous humor, and subconjunctival injection can maintain the effective drug concentration in aqueous humor relatively low and longer.

Objective to investigate the effect of propyl gallate (PG) on the antifilamentous activity of antifungal drugs in vitro, and to provide experimental basis for the development of effective ophthalmic antifungals.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amphotericin B (AMB), terbinefine (TBF), butenefine (BTF) and ketoconazole (KCZ) were determined by micro-liquid dilution method against six common ophthalmic filamentous fungi (Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliformis, Fusarium pyrisporum, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus) and two quality control bacteria (Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis). The antifungal drug storage solution was diluted to 2 times the final concentration with 1640 solution and PG-1640 solution, respectively. The drug solution of each concentration was added to a 96-well microplate, 100 μ l per well, and then 100 μ l bacterial solution was added to each well (the final bacterial concentration was 5×104 CFU/ml). The final concentration of various drugs ranged from 0.0313 to 16 μ g/ml, and the final concentration of PG in the group containing PG was 400 μ g/ml. The MIC endpoint of AMB was 100% fungal growth inhibition, and the endpoint of TBF, BTF, KCZ and PG was about 75% fungal growth inhibition. Results PG 400 μ g/ml alone had no antifungal activity against experimental bacteria. The combined application of PG and AMB increased the antifungal activity of AMB against Fusarium solani by 8 times, against Fusarium monocularis, Fusarium pyridorum and Aspergillus fumigatus by 4 times, and against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus flavus by 2 times. The combined application of PG and TBF increased the antifungal activity of TBF against Fusarium solani by 32 times, against Fusarium pyridorum and Fusarium oxysporum by 4 times, against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus by 2 times, but had obvious antagonistic effect against Fusarium monocularis. The combined application of PG and BTF increased the antifungal activity of BTF against Fusarium solani by 32 times, but had no synergistic effect against other experimental bacteria, but had obvious antagonistic effect against Fusarium monocularis. Conclusion the combined application of PG and AMB has obvious antifungal synergistic effect on all experimental ophthalmic pathogenic filamentous fungi; The combined application of PG and TBF has obvious synergistic effect on some experimental bacteria.

Objective to investigate the effects of 2% chitosan on the prevention and treatment of conjunctival scar and symblepharon and the promotion of wound healing after alkali burn of keratoconjunctiva. Methods Twenty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomly selected to make a model of severe keratoconjunctival alkali burn. The right eye was chitosan treatment group and the left eye was model control group; Five eyes of the other five rabbits were selected as the normal control group according to the random number method. The inflammatory reaction, conjunctival scar and symblepharon were observed after keratoconjunctival alkali burn. Histopathological observation was performed at 20 and 30 days after burn, and the collagen content and fibrotic scar in the conjunctival tissue were compared by Sirius scarlet staining at 30 days after burn. Results Compared with the model control group, the conjunctival repair was faster in the medical chitosan treatment group, and the degree of conjunctival scar and symblepharon was milder (u =2.1159, P<0.05); The collagen content of the conjunctiva was increased and the scar formation was obvious after burn, but the scar and collagen content of the chitosan treatment group were light (Q =32.1450, P<0.01) and absorbance values (Q =22.4767, P<Conclusion Chitosan can reduce the formation of conjunctival scar and symblepharon after keratoconjunctival alkali burn.

Objective to analyze and summarize the clinical characteristics and prognosis of 11 patients with orbital metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods the general conditions, clinical manifestations, imaging, pathological examinations, treatment and follow-up of 11 patients with orbital metastasis of NPC diagnosed and treated in Sun Yat-sen Ophthalmology Center of Sun Yat-sen University from 1991 to 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 11 patients, 9 were males and 2 were females; The mean age was 45.5 years; There were left orbital metastasis in 10 cases, right orbital metastasis in 1 case, clear history of NPC in 7 cases and no history of NPC in 4 cases; The average period from diagnosis of NPC to ocular symptoms was 12.7 months (2.0~60.0 months); The average ocular symptoms lasted 10.3 months (0.7~36.0 months). There were 1 orbital metastasis in 9 cases and 2 orbital metastasis in 2 cases; The main body of the tumor was located in the orbital nasal side in 8 cases, the temporal side in 2 cases, the orbital apex in 1 case, and the anterior part of the orbit in 8 cases. All the tumors were removed or partially resected by surgery and sent to pathological examination. The results showed that 4 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 2 cases of lymphoepithelial carcinoma and 5 cases of undifferentiated type were found. The cause of death and survival time of one case were unknown; Three cases were still alive, no active lesions were found and continued to receive treatment; 2 cases were lost to follow-up. Conclusion NPC orbital metastasis is rare in clinic, but the proportion of patients with orbital metastasis in Zhongshan Eye Center is the highest. Most of the metastases are located in the anterior and nasal side of the orbit, and the prognosis of patients is poor.

Objective to investigate the clinical characteristics, preoperative qualitative diagnosis and surgical approaches of orbital cavernous hemangioma. Methods the patients with orbital cavernous hemangioma hospitalized in Sun Yat-sen Eye Center of Sun Yat-sen University from 1986 to 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 209 cases, 86 were males and 123 were females. There were 86 cases in right eye and 123 cases in left eye; The age ranged from 5 to 68 years, with an average of 39.2 years; Progressive exophthalmos and visual acuity decrease were the main clinical manifestations. 95% (199/209) could make an accurate preoperative diagnosis according to ultrasound, CT or MRI. 64% (134/209) used anterior orbitotomy, and 36% (75/209) used lateral orbitotomy to remove the mass smoothly. Conclusion Orbital cavernous hemangioma can be diagnosed before surgery, and about 2/3 of the cases can remove the mass smoothly without lateral orbitotomy, with few postoperative complications.

Objective to investigate the clinical effect of Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser The age ranged from 49 to 73 years old, with an average of 61 years old; The course of the disease was 1 d to 2 months, with an average of 13 d. The visual acuity before treatment was 0.06 to 0.8. Typical occlusion of branch arteries was observed in the fundus. The diameter of the arteries was thickened immediately after treatment in all patients. Fluorescein fundus angiography showed complete recovery of blood flow, and the visual acuity of patients improved consciously. The visual acuity was 0.2 to 1.0. Most patients' visual field examination showed that there were still visual field defects in the corresponding arterial distribution range. During the treatment, local small bleeding was occasionally observed. Only 2 patients caused vitreous hemorrhage caused by breaking adjacent veins during the operation, which was gradually absorbed after 2 weeks of observation. No other complications were observed. Conclusion Nd: YAG laser thrombectomy is an effective method for the treatment of branch retinal artery occlusion, which is effective and relatively safe.

Objective to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and pathogenesis of diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) after excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods Thirty patients (39 eyes) with DLK after LASIK were examined by slit lamp microscopy at 1, 3, 5, 7 days and 1 month, and confocal microscopy at 3, 7 days and 1 month after LASIK. Results the typical manifestations of stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ DLK appeared on 3 days after operation. Confocal microscopy showed that a large number of round or oval cells with a diameter of 12~20 μ m could be seen in the stroma and interlamellar layer before the incision, with strong reflection, scattered or arranged in rows, and eccentric high-reflection nuclei and low-reflection intracellular structures could be seen in the cells. A large number of round cells with a diameter of 8~12 μ m could be seen in the interlamellar layer, with strong reflection, mostly clustered or arranged in rows, and the nucleus morphology was irregular. The above cells almost disappeared on 7 days after operation. Stage Ⅲ DLK appeared on 3~5 days after operation, showing denser cell infiltration in the anterior stroma, and more obvious amorphous high-reflection substances in the interlamellar layer. Stage Ⅳ DLK appeared on 5~7 days after operation, obvious fuzzy anterior stromal structure, high reflection, full-thickness corneal flap folds, and a large number of high-reflection scar tissue formed in the late stage. Conclusion Diffuse lamellar keratitis after LASIK is an inflammatory reaction between corneal flaps, and the main pathological characteristics are inflammatory cell infiltration between corneal flaps, Its pathogenesis is the result of a combination of factors through endogenous and exogenous pathways.

Objective to investigate the effect of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the expression of VEGF in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in vitro. Methods Human RPE cells were isolated by enzyme-assisted microseparation, and identified by immunohistochemistry with cytokeratin and S-100. Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs, P1, P2) targeting human VEGF were designed. P3 was used as a negative control, that is, no specific shRNA was contained. After annealing, the double-stranded DNA of P1 and P2 was ligated to the double digestion sites of BamHⅠ and Hind Ⅲ of plasmid pSilencer 4.1-CMV. After transformation, the extracted plasmids were digested and identified by EcoRⅠ and SamⅠ. The experiment was divided into 5 groups. Group 1: RPE cells were cultured in DMEM medium containing 100 μ mol/L CoCl2,10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 30 h; Group 2: 30 h in conventional DMEM medium containing 10% FBS; Groups 3, 4 and 5: P1, P2 and P3 transfected cells were cultured in DMEM medium containing 100 μ mol/L CoCl2 in 10% FBS for 30 h after 24 h; The expression levels of VEGF were detected by immunoblotting. Results Cytokeratin and S-100 immunohistochemical staining were positive for the cultured cells. The relative molecular mass of the extracted plasmid fragments after enzyme digestion was 3300 and 1600, respectively, indicating that the plasmid was successfully extracted and purified. The expression level of VEGF in Group 1 was significantly higher than that in Group 2, 3 and 4 (all P<The inhibition of VEGF expression in RPE cells was 65.9% and 52.4% in groups 3 and 4 (P1 and P2), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between group 5 and group 1 (P =0.147). There was no statistically significant difference in β-actin expression between groups. Conclusion the specific shRNA for human VEGF can significantly reduce the expression of VEGF in human RPE cells, which lays a foundation for RNA interference in the treatment of neovascular ophthalmopathy, especially choroidal neovascularization.

The special structure and biological activity of amniotic membrane make it an ideal biological material; The biological improvement of amniotic membrane has opened up a new research field for the application of amniotic membrane, and has a wide prospect of clinical application. This paper summarizes and discusses the tissue structure, physiological characteristics, immunological characteristics of amniotic membrane, the history and current situation of amniotic membrane application, the types and mechanisms of operation for amniotic membrane ocular application, as well as the biological improvement and classification of amniotic membrane.

This paper summarizes the expression characteristics of somatostatin (SRIF) and its receptor in mammalian retinal development and their special effects on retinal development. The expression of SRIF in retina is characterized by early, instantaneous expression and mature state when the eye is opened. SRIF plays an important role in the development of retinal synapses.

In order to promote the healthy development of academic activities of ophthalmology in China, it is necessary to maintain academic morality and standardize academic behavior<Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China,<Patent Law of the People's Republic of China>,<General Principles of Civil Law of the People's Republic of China>and other national laws and the Ministry of Education<In the spirit of Several Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of Academic Morality, and in combination with the actual situation of the Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the national ophthalmology community, these regulations are specially formulated.

In order to reflect the innovative scientific research achievements and clinical experience of ophthalmology in China as soon as possible, this journal has opened up a "fast track" to publish excellent academic papers in 2002, which simplifies the procedure from review to formal publication of papers and shortens the publication cycle. In view of the increasing number of authors applying for the "fast track" at present, the editorial board of this journal has supplemented and improved the specific conditions for applying for the "fast track" on the basis of the operation of some time ago, and reiterated the relevant regulations of the "fast track" once again, so that academic papers with innovative content can be published as soon as possible.

In order to better implement the policy of combining theory with practice, popularization and improvement, and further improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment ability and academic level of ophthalmologists, the editorial board of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology continued to open the column "Continuing Education Garden" in 2006, inviting experts with deep academic attainments and rich clinical experience in the field of ophthalmology to give lectures. Published contents: corneal disease, cataract, glaucoma, fundus disease, orbital disease, eye plastic surgery, eye tumor, strabismus and amblyopia, etc. Each issue focuses on one topic,

On October 18, 2001, the National Committee for the Approval of Scientific and Technological Terms and the National Language and Character Working Committee held a "Seminar on the Usage of 'Xiang' and 'Xiang'" at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The meeting carefully analyzed the reasons for the confusion between the usage of "like" and "like" in the scientific and technological circles. The National Science and Technology Glossary Committee and the State Language Commission considered it necessary to make a clear definition of the usage of this word again. Experts at the meeting believed that: elephant refers to the form and appearance of nature, people or things; Image refers to the image of a person or object made by imitation, comparison, etc.,

The Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology was founded on October 1, 1950. It was sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association and edited by the Editorial Committee of the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology. The editorial committee is composed of nearly 100 well-known ophthalmologists in China. The current editor-in-chief Zhao Jialiang and the editorial director Zhao Hongmei. The main readers of this journal are ophthalmologists across the country, and it is publicly distributed at home and abroad. China Standard Issue Number: ISSN0412-4081, CN11-2142/R; Postal Code: 2-60; National map code: BM93. The Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology has always implemented the principles and policies of the Party and the state on health work, implemented the principle of combining theory with practice, popularization and improvement, reported the major progress and important achievements of clinical and scientific research in ophthalmology in China, and promoted academic exchanges in ophthalmology at home and abroad. All the manuscripts accepted by this journal are published and distributed simultaneously in three forms: paper, CD-ROM and online electronic journals, and periodically exchange magazines with more than 30 countries and regions such as the United States, Britain and Japan.

Aolide (China) Medical Investment Group is a large-scale medical investment management institution supported by the International Society of Ophthalmology, Margaret International Medical Foundation and China Dean's Decision-making Research Center in cooperation with Aolide Medical Investment Group of the United States and Hengyu Wanjia Group, a well-known Chinese enterprise. The group mainly invests and operates hospitals, and brings the world's most advanced medical technology and services to China, creating a new thinking and model of internationalization and grouping of China's medical industry.

Practical Ophthalmology Diagnosis is a large-scale reference book of Chinese ophthalmology, which contains many materials that are difficult to find in Chinese and foreign books at present, paving the way for China's ophthalmology to integrate with international standards. The author, Shi Dianxiong, has worked in the Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Medical College and Chongqing Medical College for nearly 30 years, and then worked in the Kresge Institute of Ophthalmology of Wayne Stateu University School of Medicine in the United States for 20 years. He wrote this book based on his many years of clinical and teaching experience.

To celebrate the 55th anniversary of the founding of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, the CD-ROM of the full-text retrieval system of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology from 1950 to 2004, edited by the editorial board of this journal, produced by Beijing Zhitong Blueprint Medical Information Technology Co., Ltd. and published by Tsinghua Tongfang CD-ROM Electronic Publishing House, has now been officially released by Beijing Zhitong Blueprint Medical Information Technology Co., Ltd. The CD-ROM commemorating the 55th anniversary of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology produced this time will contain the full text of the journal for 55 years from its founding in October 1950 to 2004, and truthfully reproduce the pictures and tables attached to the text. Searching and collecting documents supports a variety of retrieval methods and their combinations, so that ophthalmologists can consult the required information conveniently and quickly.

The CD-ROM "Ophthalmic Surgery (Part 1 and Part 2)" produced by Beijing Tongren Ophthalmology Center of Capital Medical University and published by China Medical Electronic Audio and Video Press has been published.

In order to improve the quality of biomedical journals and scientific research in China, two "Training Courses on the Application of Statistical Three-Type Theory and Statistical Analysis System" sponsored by the Biomedical Statistics Consulting Center of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences and invited Professor Hu Liangping, director of China Field Statistics Research Association and vice president of China Biomedical Statistics Society, have recently started pre-registration.

In order to promote the development of ophthalmic ultrasound diagnosis, Beijing Tongren Ophthalmology Center of Capital Medical University will hold the 5th Ophthalmic Ultrasound Diagnosis Class in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province from May 18 to 21, 2006. This class will invite well-known ultrasound diagnosis experts in ophthalmology at home and abroad to teach, including the basic theory of ophthalmology ultrasound, ultrasound biometry, ultrasound diagnosis and differential diagnosis of intraocular pathological membrane, ultrasound diagnosis and differential diagnosis of intraocular tumors, ultrasound diagnosis of ocular trauma and orbital diseases,

Postoperative endophthalmitis is a very serious postoperative complication, and the prognosis of visual acuity is often very unsatisfactory. Ciulla et al. [1] found in a retrospective study of various preventive measures that preoperative disinfection of conjunctival sac with polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) is a better method at present.

Therefore, it is generally understood that the larger the exposed area of the ciliary body in the anterior chamber, the more obvious the intraocular pressure-lowering effect may be. However, a recent study found that the exposed width of the ciliary body in the anterior chamber is not related to the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of latanoprostin [1]. Other studies [2-5] also found that in residual angle-closure glaucoma, the intraocular pressure-lowering amplitude of latanoprostin can reach about 29% despite the closure of the angular adhesion between 180° and 270°, which is very close to the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of open angle glaucoma [6, 7], indicating that the circumferential exposure of the ciliary body is also not related to the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of latanoprostin. These two studies suggest that the exposure of the ciliary body in the anterior chamber is not related to the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of latanoprostin. Therefore, there are two possibilities to explain this phenomenon: (1) The exposure of aqueous humor in the uveo-scleral channel is not dependent on the surface area of the ciliary body (2) There may be other pathways of intraocular pressure lowering effect of latanoprostaglandin, that is, non-ciliary body pathways.

carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is a group of clinical syndromes caused by abnormal arteriovenous communication between the carotid artery and its branches and the cavernous sinus. The pathogenesis forms are divided into traumatic and spontaneous. The clinical diagnosis of mild traumatic and spontaneous patients is difficult, and it is easy to be misdiagnosed as other ocular diseases and delay the treatment. The author retrospectively analyzed the results of 16-slice CT angiography (CTA) in 8 cases of carotid cavernous fistula confirmed by clinical or digital subtraction angiography (DSA), analyzed the main CT findings, and discussed the diagnostic value of 16-slice CTA in carotid cavernous fistula.

After enucleation, if the patient does not undergo surgery to replenish the intraorbital tissue, the eye socket invagination may occur, which may affect the facial appearance. Clinically, the method of installing prosthetic eye lenses after implantation of intraorbital hydroxyapatite prosthetic eye platform can make the eye appearance of the patient full and obtain cosmetic effect. However, due to various reasons, a few patients may reappear the eye socket invagination after surgery, and if not properly treated, the surgical effect will be affected. From 2001 to 2004, we treated 18 patients with moderate or above upper eyelid invagination. According to the cause of upper eyelid invagination, different surgical methods were adopted to correct the upper eyelid invagination, and satisfactory results were obtained.

Cultured cells with amniotic membrane as carrier has been shown to be beneficial to cell differentiation and growth, and may have a good application prospect in clinic [1-3]. However, it is always difficult to obtain good lateral section and observe the relationship between lateral morphology, cell basal surface and amniotic membrane matrix when studying the morphology of cells cultured on carrier. In practice, we used a simple and rapid method to make corneal epithelial cells cultured with amniotic membrane as carrier for colleagues' reference.

Castleman's disease (CD), also known as angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia or giant lymph node hyperplasia, mostly occurs in the chest (mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes), followed by cervical, supraclavicular lymph nodes and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. It can occur in the kidney, bone marrow or brain, and is rare in the lacrimal gland [1] or orbit [2]. We diagnosed and treated 2 cases of lacrimal gland Castleman's disease, and their clinical manifestations, pathological changes and treatment are reported as follows.

A 42-year-old female was admitted to our hospital on July 12, 2004 because of "the visual acuity of her right eye decreased for 2 years, and the exophthalmos was found for 2 months". No abnormalities were found in the physical examination. Ophthalmic examination showed that the visual acuity of her right eye was 0.6, which could not be corrected. No abnormalities were found in the anterior segment examination, and the eye movement was normal. The fundus examination showed that the optical papilla was reddish, slightly raised, with clear borders and clear macular structure.

A 55-year-old female was admitted to the local hospital for 1 year because of the gradual aggravation of the dark shadow in the front of her right eye. She was diagnosed as "retinal detachment" and "retinitis" successively. She was given oral anti-inflammatory drugs and eye drops (the name of the drug is unknown), but the effect was not good. On March 18, 2002, she was admitted to the local hospital with "space-occupying lesion in the right eyeball" and asked about her medical history. The patient had undergone "extrascleral condensation plus cushion compression of retinal detachment" in the external hospital six months ago according to retinal detachment. After the operation, the dark shadow in the front of her eye was aggravated and the visual acuity decreased rapidly, so she came to our hospital for treatment.

Orbital cavernous hemangioma is the most common primary benign intraorbital tumor, accounting for 14.5% of orbital tumors [1]. However, intraosseous cavernous hemangioma of orbit is very rare. So far, only a few cases have been reported in foreign literatures [2-7], but not in China. The author retrospectively analyzed 214 patients with orbital cavernous hemangioma hospitalized in Sun Yat-sen Ophthalmology Center of Sun Yat-sen University from 1986 to 2000, and 5 of them were intraosseous cavernous hemangioma of orbit. Because of the rare disease, all patients were diagnosed after operation according to histopathological examination. The clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of 5 cases of intraosseous cavernous hemangioma of orbit are reported as follows.

Segmental periarteritis is rare in clinical practice. The clinical and image data analysis (Figures 1-4) of a patient with segmental periarteritis complicated with retinal detachment admitted to our department in 2004 are presented below.

At present, intraocular lenses used in China include soft acrylic lens, silicone IOL, hydrogel IOL and rigid polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) materials, etc. Biocompatibility refers to the material implanted in organisms with stable physical and chemical properties, can coexist harmoniously with body tissues, has no toxic or side effects to the body, has no irritation, and does not cause immune response of the body. It is one of the important indexes for evaluating intraocular lenses. The biocompatibility of intraocular lenses can be divided into pigment layer tissue biocompatibility, capsule biocompatibility and lens epithelial cells (LEC) biocompatibility [1]. The corresponding indexes of lens biocompatibility include: cellular response on the anterior surface of the lens, anterior capsule opacification (ACO), posterior capsule opacification (PCO), adhesion and stability of the lens capsule bag [2].

The 10th National Ophthalmology Congress of Chinese Medical Association was successfully held in the Great Hall of the People in Tianjin from September 8 to 12, 2005. This conference is the first year that the Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association decided to hold its annual conference. Originally, it was thought that the number of manuscripts submitted would decrease significantly. However, after the joint efforts of the organizing committee of this conference, Tianjin Medical Association and ophthalmologists across the country, more than 3,000 manuscripts of various kinds were received in the call for manuscripts time of nearly half a year, and the number of manuscripts submitted increased. This shows the unprecedented development of ophthalmology in China, and also reflects the attention and importance of ophthalmology institutions and ophthalmologists at all levels in China to the national ophthalmology academic conference. The authors of papers are all over the country, including Hong Kong SAR and some underdeveloped areas. The academic committee of the conference selected 481 papers from a large number of manuscripts as oral speeches, more than 1100 high-quality papers as exhibition boards, more than 1400 written papers, more than 10 video exchange materials and more than 300 ophthalmology pictures. During the four-day conference, the exchange content was very rich. For example, Sun Yat-sen Ophthalmology Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Ophthalmology of Southwest Hospital affiliated to the Third Military Medical University, Department of Ophthalmology of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Beijing Tongren Ophthalmology Center of Capital Medical University, etc. all organized dozens of papers to be submitted.

Editor's Note This issue publishes Peng Dai's book review "and<Theory and Methods of Optometry>Author's Discussion "and<The editor-in-chief of the book "Theory and Methods of Optometry" responded to it. Valuable book reviews play an important role in the prosperity of the publication of ophthalmology books in China and the promotion of the development of ophthalmology. On the basis of intensive reading of the reviewed books, the reviewer can make an evaluation of the book, which can be praise, criticism, praise and criticism, but everything should be based on the scientific basis of seeking truth from facts. Like a valuable academic paper, book reviews also need clear arguments, sufficient arguments and reasonable conclusions. Discussing matters regardless of people, starting from the desire of prosperity and unity of ophthalmology in China, to achieve the goal of mutual learning and common improvement, so that the reviewer, author and reader can all benefit from it. There may be consensus or debate about the content of the review, which is normal. Book reviews may also break out a new world of deep thinking for us, and give people infinite enlightenment and reverie, which is the charm of book reviews. This journal publishes this long-lost book review and the author's echo, It is a kind of effort to carry out the policy of "a hundred schools of thought contending and a hundred flowers blooming" in the ophthalmology field and advocate to carry out enthusiastic and earnest academic discussion.

Dr. Peng Dai (hereinafter referred to as the "Book Reviewer") compiled our book published by People's Medical Publishing House in 2004<First of all, we welcome it, and at the same time, in a rigorous and scientific attitude, we carefully studied the opinions of the book reviewers, sorted out and summarized the opinions and suggestions put forward by the book reviewers, and gave the following replies: