中华医学杂志
2026年 · 第106卷第16期
中华医学杂志
- 全部
- 专题笔谈
- 标准与规范
- 过敏性疾病精准诊疗
- 临床研究
- 系统综述
- 短篇论著
- 综述
- 看图知病
The 43-year-old female was admitted to the respiratory department of Qingdao Municipal Hospital on May 6, 2025 due to "cough for 1 month". Past physical fitness. Specialist examination showed no thoracic deformity, clear breathing sounds in both lungs, and no dry or wet rales. Carcinoembryonic antigen, squamous cell carcinoma antigen and gastrin-releasing peptide precursor were all negative at admission, and neuron-specific enolase was 21.55 μ g/L. On May 6, 2025, the results of chest enhanced CT showed that massive high-density shadows could be seen in the upper lobe of the left lung, with clear boundaries, and the size of the larger layer was about 112 mm ×80 mm. The density in it was uneven, and the enhanced scan showed uneven enhancement, showing blood vessels running, and some bronchus were compressed and narrowed (Figure A, shown by arrows). On May 12, 2025, the PET/CT results showed that the soft tissue mass in the upper lobe of the left lung was accompanied by fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) hypermetabolism, and no clear hypermetabolic metastatic lesions were found. In order to confirm the diagnosis and treatment, bronchoscopy was performed on May 7, 2025. Microscopically, new organisms were seen in the bronchial orifice of the upper lobe of the left lung. The new biomass was soft and easy to bleed when touched, so biopsy was performed. The pathological results showed a small round cell tumor in the upper lobe of the left lung, with diffuse nested and acinar arrangement of tumor cells, moderate abnormality, and necrosis (Panel B, hematoxylin-eosin staining ×100). Immunohistochemistry showed that tumor cells were positive for expression of Vimentin, SMA, and CD99 (Panel C), Syn (weakly positive), Ki67 (30% positive), diffuse positive for NKX2.2 (Panel D), and negative for expression of LCA and CD3. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was positive for t (22q12) (EWSR1), that is, there was an EWSR1 gene-related translocation. Based on the clinical manifestations and pathological findings, primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the lung (PNET) was diagnosed. PNET is an undifferentiated small round cell malignancy originating from primitive neural tube blastocytes. CT of lung PNET mainly showed a large local mass. After enhancement, the tumor showed mild enhancement and uneven enhancement. The pathological characteristics of pulmonary PNET are a large number of primitive small round cells with single morphology and small and dense tumor cells. PNET is highly invasive and has a poor overall prognosis, with a median survival of 3 to 5 years.
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