中华外科杂志
2026年 · 第64卷第06期
中华外科杂志
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According to data released by the National Cancer Center of China, in 2022, the number of primary liver cancer cases in China was 367,700, accounting for 42.5% of global cases, ranking fourth in the number of new cases of various cancers and fifth in incidence rate; In 2022, the number of deaths due to primary liver cancer was 316,500, ranking second in both death count and case fatality rate; The 5-year relative survival rate of liver cancer in the population was 14.4%, and the proportion of liver cancer in mid-stage and late stage at the time of diagnosis was more than 50%[1-3]。 Primary liver cancer mainly includes three pathological types: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA). The three pathological types are quite different in pathogenesis, biological behavior, histopathology, treatment methods and prognosis, among which HCC accounts for 80% and ICC accounts for 14.9%[4]。 The term "liver cancer" in this guideline refers only to HCC.
Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor of digestive tract in China. With the continuous development of minimally invasive surgical techniques, laparoscopic surgery has become the main way of radical resection of colon cancer. In recent years, robotic surgical systems have been widely used in colorectal surgery because of their technical advantages such as three-dimensional high-definition visual field, flexible and accurate operation, and tremor filtering[1, 2]。 Single-port robotic surgery further integrates multiple instrument channels into a single small incision, which is expected to achieve better appearance and less trauma while ensuring radical tumor cure[3, 4]。
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