中华外科杂志
2018年 · 第56卷第05期
中华外科杂志
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In 1863, William W. Mayo, an English physician, opened a private practice in Rochester, Minnesota, USA. In the 1880s, his two sons, William J. Mayo and Charles H. Mayo, graduated from medical school and became involved in the clinic. In 1889, St. Mary's Hospital, founded by Mayo and his son in collaboration with Sister St. Francis, opened (27 beds). Since then, more and more doctors have joined it, making it the earliest multidisciplinary general hospital in the world. In 1914, Dr. Edward Calvin Kendall successfully extracted thyroxine from the pig thyroid. In 1915, the clinic established the world's earliest graduate medical training program. In 1919, the Mayo family turned its private property into the nonprofit Mayo Asset Association, the predecessor of the Mayo Foundation. In 1920, the Mayo Clinic invented the world's first digital-based cancer staging standard system, which is still in use today. Streptomycin was first used in the treatment of tuberculosis at the Mayo Clinic in 1944. In 1950, Edward C. Kendall and Philip S. Hench won the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology for their discovery and successful clinical application of corticosterone. The first successful open heart surgery for congenital heart disease was performed at the Mayo Clinic in 1950. In 1955, Mayo Clinic became one of the first hospitals to perform heart surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass technology. In 1972, Mayo School of Medicine was officially established. In 1986, Mayo Clinic Rochester formally merged with St. Mary's Hospital and Rochester Methodist Hospital. Since then, Mayo Clinic has established locations in Jacksonville, Florida and Cottdale, Arizona, among others.
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