Not long after the founding of New China, at that time, China's surgical community did not have its own academic journals. Many surgeons had a wish, that is, to establish China's own literature data to cooperate with the scientific and cultural construction of New China. Under such calls, the Journal of Surgery was founded in Nanjing in 1951. Later, during the 17th Congress of the Chinese Medical Association, it was decided by experts that the Journal of Surgery was renamed as the Chinese Journal of Surgery from 1953, and the editorial department was moved to Beijing.