Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a common acute inflammatory radiculoneuropathy after infection. According to the current neurophysiological, immunological and pathological studies, it is generally divided into two main types: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) and acute motor axonal neurolopathy (AMAN). When the latter involves sensory nerves at the same time, it is called acute motor, sensory axonal neuropathy (acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy)[1]。 AIDP is the earliest recognized type of acute GBS and is almost interoperable with the GBS name[2]。 In 1986, Feasby found severe Waller's degeneration of nerve roots and distal nerves in a necropsy patient without inflammation and demyelination, which was considered to be axonal neuropathy[3]。 What really caused a major impact was the discovery of "acute motor axonal neuropathy subtype in northern China" in Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China in 1991 and similar patients in Japan, India, Argentina and other countries[3,4,5], thereby confirming the AMAN subtype. There are regional differences in GBS subtypes. In North America and Europe, the main GBS subtype is AIDP (90%), and the axon type is rare (3%), while the axon type in northern China, Japan, Mexico, Argentina and other countries constitutes 30% ~47% of local GBS[1]Or 38% to 65%[2,6]。 "China is a high incidence area of AMAN" is almost the consensus of foreign scholars, but domestic scholars have different opinions on this view. Therefore, how to confirm the distribution of GBS subtypes in China has become a hot spot of attention for domestic and foreign scholars for a long time, and it is also an important link to further explore the different pathogenesis of GBS, judge the prognosis, find the therapeutic target and prevent it. Therefore, it is necessary to absorb the elements of new understanding of GBS pathophysiology, apply correct and standardized electrophysiological and immune techniques, formulate new consensus diagnostic criteria, carry out multi-center research, and further clarify the characteristics of GBS subtypes in China.
