Volume 47 · Issue 02 · 2011

Long term use of topical anti-glaucoma drugs has been shown to induce chronic conjunctivitis, superficial punctate keratitis (SPK) and dry eye symptom. Under these conditions, a loss of goblet cells in conjunctiva, epithelial squamous metaplasia and apoptosis were morphologically revealed.Benzalkonium Chloride ( BKC), a most frequently used preservative in eye drops, has been found to be an important factor causing ocular surface damage. Furthermore, a big challenge for ophthalmologists is that toxic damage of medication to ocular surface tissues is mild, poor specificity, and delayed manifestation in patients, especially when coexisting with other ocular surface diseases. Impairment of ocular surface tissues greatly impacts the life quality of patients and subsequently influences compliance with glaucoma therapy.This paper emphasizes to take measures to prevent ocular surface tissue damage resulted from chronic use of topical anti-glaucoma drugs and further discusses the treatment strategy. Effective and long-lasting action drugs should always be selected for glaucomatous patients in order to decrease the frequency of topical instillation or at a more expensive medication, a fixed combination formula can be considered for glaucoma therapy. An early surgery or laser treatment is also proposed for the patients who require an IOP reduction with an existing ocular surface impairment. Future investigation and development of new medications with long-term efficacy and appropriate BKC are suggested and preservative-free or drugs with new preservative materials recommended.

It is important and necessary to strength the prevention and treatment of glaucoma, since glaucoma is a serious irreversible blinding disease. Although we have done a lot of works in the prevention and treatment of glaucoma in China, there still exist some problems as follows: prevention and treatment of glaucoma have not been taken as the priority in the prevention of blindness, the national ranks and organizations for the prevention and treatment of glaucoma have not been established, the knowledge on glaucoma has not been popularized and undated in ophthalmologists, the supply network of glaucoma medicine has not been organized, the knowledge for prevention of glaucoma has not been disseminated in the public. For settling these problems, we should construct the national system for the management of glaucoma. Its major goal is to raise the detection rate of the glaucoma patients, to decrease the blinding rate caused by glaucoma, to improve the life quality of glaucoma patients, and to save the social cost from the glaucoma blindness. For better conducting these work, we should take the public health path, not only rely on the clinical path. In constructing the national system for the management of glaucoma, we may start out to organize the organizations for prevention and treatment of glaucoma matching with the local socio-economic status, to train and educate the professional teams for the prevention and treatment of glaucoma, to formulate the rules and regulations for managing glaucoma, and to strength the research works for the glaucoma.

Based on the clinical consideration, Chinese glaucoma specialist reached a consensus (2008) that normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is a subtype of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and the dividing line is whether the intraocular pressure (IOP) more than 21 mm Hg or not. But it is still a controversial problem in the world that whether NTG is different from POAG or not. Some studies have confirmed that the pathogenesis of optic neuropathy, clinical features, risk factors for glaucomatous optic neuropathy progression and treatment strategy in NTG are different from those of POAG, indicating that they may be two different disorders.

Objective To compare the efficacy of latanoprost, travoprost and bimatoprost given in the evening on the 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) curve in open-angle glaucoma patients. Methods It was a case-control study. Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were selected for the present study.Twenty-one, 22 and 20 patients were treated once daily with latanoprost, travoprost and bimatoprost for 4 weeks, respectively. Before and four weeks after the treatment, IOP was measured by masked evaluators at 8AM, 10AM, noon, 2PM, 4PM, 6PM, 8PM, 10PM, midnight, 2AM, 4AM and 6AM. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to compare the IOP responses to the drug regimens for the entire circadian curve. Analysis of variance was used to compare the circadian variations of intraocular pressure. Results The IOPs of all patients in these 3 groups decreased markedly after 4 weeks. The daily average IOP ( mean ±standard deviation) in the latanoprost group decreased from ( 18.9 ± 2. 1 ) mm Hg ( 1 mm Hg = 0. 133 kPa)to ( 15.3 ±2. 7) mm Hg, and the extent of the decrease was 19. 0％. IOP in the travoprost group decreased from ( 19. 1 ± 3. 1 ) mm Hg to ( 15. 3 ± 2. 1 ) mm Hg , with a decrease of 19.4 ％. IOP in the bimatoprost group decreased from ( 18. 6 ± 1.9 ) mm Hg to ( 14. 9 ± 1.9 ) mm Hg, with a decrease of 19.9％. The effectiveness of the treatments did not differ significantly between these three groups ( F = 1. 501, P =0. 110). The descending percentage compared with circadian variation ranges before treatment in patients with latanoprost, travoprost and bimatoprost was 31.0％, 31. 1％ and 31.9％, respectively. In comparison of these three groups, the circadian variations of intraocular pressure did not differ significantly( F = 0. 286,P = 0. 752). Conclusions This study demonstrated that latanoprost, travoprost and bimatoprost are all effective in reducing IOP over the 24-hour curve in primary open-angle glaucoma. On the basis of our data,there was no statistically significant difference in the IOP reduction between these three drugs.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, causative organisms, treatment procedures and prognosis of glaucoma bleb-associated endophthalmitis. Methods It was a retrospective case series study. All cases were patients with glaucoma bleb-associated endophthalmitis treated at Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao Eye Hospital between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2009. All patients had prior glaucoma filtering surgery. Results Nineteen patients (20 eyes ) were identified. There were 16 males (17 eyes, 85％) and 3 females (3 eyes, 15％). The mean age at presentation was(46.9 ±16.1 )years( ranged 15 to 71 years). In 14 patients ( 15 eyes) the glaucoma operation was performed in our hospital, and an antifibrotic agent was used ( mitomycin, 0.5 g/L, 2 min), shallow anterior chamber and hypotony occurred in early postoperative period in 8 eyes (53.3％). Glaucoma operation was performed in other hospitals in 5 patients (5 eyes). Eight cases ( 8 eyes) received glaucoma operation more than two times. The mean interval between the last filtering surgery and the diagnosis of endophthalmitis was 29.5 ±32.2 months (ranged 15 days to 10 years). Mainly clinical features included bleb infection, anterior chamber inflammatory exudation, hypopyon and vitreous opacities. Bleb leakage occurred in 63.6％ eyesand bleb was located inferiorly in 5 eyes ( 25.0％ ). The incidence of inferior bleb-related endophthalmitis was higher than that of the superior bleb ( 19.2％ versus O. 6％ ). The most common causative organisms were staphylococcus species. The initial treatments included intravenous and topical antibiotics, intravitreal injection of antibiotics, pars plans vitrectomy. These treatments could effectively control the endophthalmitis. The visual prognosis was good, 80％ patients achieved increase of vision after treatment and 55％ patients regained original visual acuity. Eye ball was preserved in 13 (68.4％) of 19 eyes, intraocular pressure (IOP) was controlled at last follow-up after the treatment of endophthalmitis. IOP was controlled by 1 or 2 durgs in 5 eyes (26.3％)and 1 eye (5.3％) received trabeculectomy. Conclusions Glaucoma bleb-associated endophthalmitis is a serious complication following glaucoma filtering surgery which threats patients visual acuity significantly. It can occur at any time after the operation. Staphylococcus species is the most common causative organisms. Bleb leakage and inferior bleb location are the possible causative factors. Patients should be immediately treated by intra-vitreal injection and/or vitrectomy. If the treatment is timely and effective, the visual prognosis is good.

Objective To study the mutations in the trabecular meshwork induced- glucocorticoid response protein gene (TIGR/MYOC) in Chinese POAG patients. Methods It was a case-control study.One hundred and eighteen Chinese patients with POAG and 150 control subjects without POAG were screened for coding sequence of the MYOC gene by polymerase chain reaction, single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and DNA sequence. Restriction endonuclease analysis was used to detect the SSCP in 150 gender- and aged-matched controls. Statistical significance of the difference in frequencies of MYOC mutations between POAG patients and the controls was determined by the chi-squared test. Results Three coding sequence variants that lead to amino acid changes were identified in MYOC gene. One mutation of MYOC gene was novel, I288M, which was present in one patient with POAG and 3 control subjects. G12R and Y353I have been reported previously. I288M and Y353I were found in both the subjects with and without POAG, the difference of the frequency of these two mutations between POAG and the controls was x2 =0. 07, P =0. 791 and x2 = O. 56, P = 0. 453, respectively. Coding sequence mutations of MYOC were found in 4. 23％ POAG patients. Frequency of G12R mutation in POAG patients was significantly greater than that in the controls (x2 = 4. 37, P = 0. 037). Conclusions One novel variant locus in the MYOC/TIGR (I288M) was found in the present study, but this mutation is not associated with POAG. G12R is the most common mutation in MYOC locus in Chinese subjects with POAG. Approximately 4. 23％ sporadic POAG patients have mutation in the exon 1 in MYOC/TIGR.

Objective To establish a culture system for purified mouse retinal ganglion cells (RGC) culture in order to lay a foundation for the in vitro study of RGC. Methods It was a experiment study. Eight to twelve C57BL/6 mice on postnatal day 4 to 6 were used. The retinas were dissected and dissociated enzymatically to make a suspension of single cells. The retinal suspension was incubated in rat anti-mouse-macrophage antiserum for 5 minutes and incubated on a 100 mm anti-rat IgG panning plate at room temperature for 30 min twice. The nonadherent cells were removed with the suspension and placed on the Thy-1.2 panning plate at room temperature. After 45 min, plates were washed 6-10 times with phosphate-buffered saline and swirled moderately to dislodge nonadherent cells. Trypsin (0. 125％ solution)dissociation was used to remove adherent cells from the plate. Then cells were spun and resuspended in neurobasal medium containing some neurotrophic factors. The cell suspension was implanted in 24 well culture plates and cultured under 37 ℃ in an incubator with 5％ CO2. Results Most of the cells adhered to the plate after 24 hours in culture and showed dendrites at different lengths. The dendrites grew longer with time. Most of the RGC can survive more than two weeks. Conclusion Monoclonal antibody to the Thy-1. 2 antigen can be used to purify the mice RGC.

Objective To investigate the clinic pathologic features of retinoblastoma (RB) after comprehensive treatment, and study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in retinoblastoma treated with chemotherapy prior to enucleation. MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on retinoblastoma specimens obtained consecutively between 2006 and 2008 by enucleation, and patients' clinical information and clinic pathologic features were also collected. Immunohistochemical staining and real-time PCR were performed for the expression of VEGF. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed for Ki-67. Result Among the 9 chemotherapy-treated cases, six belonged to group D and three to group E of IIRC. The reasons for enucleation included extensive vitreous seeds, RB recurrence,extensive subretinal fluid/seeds, vitreous hemonr hage and total tractional detachment of the retina. During the comprehensive treatment, the main tumors regressed in all eyes. The main tumors showed a mean decrease of 43.7％ in the largest basal diameter and a mean decrease of 57.9％ in thickness. The average interval between the end of chemotherapy and enucleation was 5.7 months. The reason for enucleation was the recurrence of main tumor, recurrence of new tumors, recurrent vitreous seed or subretinal seed. Three eyes showed a type 1 regression pattern, one eye showed a type 2 pattern, and the other five eyes showed type 3 clinical regression patterns. The expression of VEGF was lower in eyes that underwent planned enucleation than eyes that suffered from RB recurrence. Conclusions The main reason for enucleation was extensive subretinal fluid/seeds after the comprehensive treatment. The type 3 clinical regression patterns were most common. In retinoblastoma, higher expression of VEGF may play an important role in the recurrence of retinoblastoma after comprehensive treatment.

Objective To compare the agreement and repeatability of the OCULUS Pentacam (a new Scheimpflug-based imaging system) with ultrasound pachymetry in the measurement of central corneal thickness (CCT). Methods Central corneal thickness was measured in 112 subjects (112 eyes) separately by two examiners, first using the Pentacam instrument, then using an ultrasonic pachymetry. Measurements were repeated 3 times for each pachymetry. Results Mean values of CCT for each instrument were (538.63 ±31.55 ) μm and (541.02 ± 30.45 ) μm using the Pentacam and the ultrasonic pachymeter, respectively. The difference is significant between the two instruments ( t = - 3. 414, P = 0. 001 ), the mean value of the difference is ( - 2.39 ± 7.42) μm. The Bland-Altman Plots displayed relatively good agreement ( limits of agreement were - 16. 93 μm to 12. 15 μm) between the two instruments. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the two devices showed high repeatability ( Separately 0. 86 and 0.88). Conclusions The agreement between the Pentacam instrument and the ultrasonic pachymetry was good, and the repeatability was also good for both instruments independently, however it is needed to increase measure times to improve the repeatability of the Pentacam which is a promising new instrument for anterior eye evaluation.

In order to strengthen the academic exchange of ophthalmology at home and abroad, expand the international vision of domestic ophthalmologists, and promote the integration of domestic ophthalmology with international standards as soon as possible, the Health Express Training Network (www.1xlearn.com) has been specially established. The training network will serve all domestic ophthalmologists in the form of public welfare. If you wish to participate in the World Ophthalmology Congress and other ophthalmology seminars, gain knowledge of ophthalmology specialist training, take the International Association of Ophthalmologists examination and its training, and get the opportunity to study abroad

Objective To evaluate the efficacy, predictability, stability, and safety of the surgical correction myopia using implantable Collamer lenses (ICL) in phakic eyes. Methods A prospective study was performed to analyze 91 eyes of 48 patients who had the implantation of ICL for the treatment of myopia from July 2008 to February 2010. Patients were examined preoperatively and followed at 1 week, 1,3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The examinations included the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA), refraction, contrast sensitivity, wavefront aberration, intraocular pressure,space between crystal lens and intraocalar lens ( vault), endothelial cell density (ECD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), surgical complication, etc. Results Successful implantation was achieved in all patients.The mean follow-up time was (9. 54 ±4. 12) months (SD) ( range 1 to 12 months). The mean preoperative SE was -12. 38 diopters (D) ( range - 5.0D to - 23. 0D). Postoperatively, UCVA was maintained or improved in all eyes. UCVA achieved 1.0 in 58 eyes (64％) and BCVA gained more than 1 line in 69 eyes (75.9％). The glare and no glare contrast sensitivity were improved at 3cd, 12cd and 18cd, with the exception of 6cd. The aberration decreased in RMS, spherical and coma. Post operative ACD ( 1 week after operation) diminished 8. 92％ as compared with the preoperative ACD. The mean vaulting was (452 ±216. 38) μm (6 months) and ranged 130-1080 μm at different follow-up periods. There was no statistically significant difference in vaulting between postoperative data at different periods (t =0. 200,P ＞0. 05 ). The mean postoperative ECD decreased but had no statistically difference compared with the preoperative ECD. ACD decreased 31％ after surgery in 2 eyes (2. 1％ ). Transient high IOP was observed in 13 eyes (2. 1％ )one week after the operation. Conclusion These results indicate that ICL implantation in the treatment of myopia is efficient, predictable ,safe, and reliable.

Objective Compare the change of pre- and post-operative posterior corneal curvature measurements in peripheral fitting zones using the Orbscan Ⅱ topographer in patients undergoing myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). To establish a new ratio of the anterior and posterior corneal curvature for the calculation of preoperative total corneal power using postoperative corneal data alone in patients after LASIK. Methods Retrospectively analyzed the changes of posterior corneal curvature in peripheral 7 to 10 mm fitting zones in 151 right eyes ( 151 individuals) 3 month after LASIK as measured by Orbscan Ⅱ. The new ratio between the anterior and posterior corneal curvature was measured. The new ratio was used to estimate pre-operative total corneal refractive power in 30 eyes. The estimated total corneal refractive power was compared with the value measured from Orbscan Ⅱ preoperatively. The accuracy of intraocular lens power estimated in 2 cases underwent cataract surgery after corneal refractive surgery was studied. Results The mean difference in estimated pre- and post-operative power of the posterior cornea was ( - 0. 005 ±0. 154 )mm (t = 0. 417, P = 0. 677). The ratio between the preoperative anterior central (0-7 mm) corneal curvature and the posterior peripheral (7 to 10 mm) corneal curvature was 1. 167 ±0. 030. Estimated mean pre-operative total corneal power was (43.49 ± 1.79 ) D, whereas the value measuring from Orbscan Ⅱ preoperatively was (43.77 ± 1.53 ) D. The mean difference between these two measurements was ( - 0. 28 ±1.00) D ( t = - 1. 523, P = 0. 139 ). The spherical equivalent refraction after cataract extraction of the two cases undertaken cataract surgery after corneal refractive surgery was 0. 54 D and 0. 69 D, respectively.Conclusions The difference in posterior corneal curvature measurement following myopic LASIK using the peripheral fitting zone with the Orbscan Ⅱ, as compared to the preoperative values, is clinically insignificant. The pre-LASIK corneal power can be estimated using post-LASIK data together with the new calculated ratio. This will be useful in post-LASIK patients requiring cataract surgery but without the availability of pre-LASIK corneal data for the estimation of the intraocular lens power.

Objective To investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS)-induced inflammation on the differentiation of orbital pre-adipocytes in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and to explore the mechanism of orbital adipose proliferation in TAO. Methods Orbital adipose tissues were obtained from patients with TAO undergoing orbital decompression surgery. The orbital fibroblssts cultured from orbital adipose tissues were divided into group A and group B. In group A, orbital pre-adipocytes were incubated inculture medium containing 1 mg/L LPS for 8 hours before stimulated to differentiate into mature adipocytes with Differentiation Medium Ⅰ and Ⅱ. No LPS or other intervention was used in group B before induced to differentiate into mature adipocyte with Differentiation Medium Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Intracellular fat accumulation in differentiated adipocytes was determined by oil red 0 staining and the expression of cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) and peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ(PPARγ) mRNA of both groups were detected by RT-PCR. Protein expression of COX2 and PPARγ in both groups was detected by Western-blot and the secretion of PGE2 in the supernatant was detected by ELISA. Results COX2 expression and secretion of PGE2 in differentiated cells of both groups were significantly decreased compared with pre-differentiation ( P ＜ 0. 05 ), while PPARγ mRNA and protein expression enhanced significantly ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). COX2 mRNA and protein expression and secretion of PGE2 of pre-differentiation cells in group A was significantly increased compared with group B (P ＜0. 05 ), while PPARγ mRNA and protein expression in group A was also stronger than those in the group B (P ＜ 0. 05 ). COX2 and PPARγ mRNA and protein expression and secretion of PGE2 of differentiated cells in group A were greater than those in group B ( P ＜ 0. 05 ).Conclusion LPS can induce inflammatory response of orbital preadipocytes in TAO and enhance the expression of COX2, PPARγ and PGE2. The expression of PPARγ is enhanced significantly while the expression of COX2 and PGE2 is attenuated markedly when the orbital pre-adipocytes differentiated into adipocytes.

The patient was a 23-year-old female. Because the intraocular pressure of both eyes continued to not drop for 9 months after anti-glaucoma operation, he came to Sun Yat-sen Eye Center of Sun Yat-sen University on May 19, 2010. The patient had been diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma in both eyes due to visual loss in his left eye for 2 to 3 years. He underwent trabeculectomy in his left eye and right eye in July and August 2009, respectively. One month after the operation, the intraocular pressure in both eyes increased, and the filter vesicles tended to become scarred. The physician in charge of the local hospital gave acupuncture separation combined with subconjunctival injection of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) parafilter vesicles, with a concentration of 0.025%, 0.5~1.0 ml each time, once every other day, each eye was injected 5 times successively. After the fifth injection, the iris of the patient's left eye was found to be depigmented, so the injection was stopped. During the follow-up period, two kinds of intraocular pressure lowering drugs were given, but the intraocular pressure was not well controlled. The intraocular pressure in both eyes increased to 40~50 mmHg (1mmHg =0.133 kPa), that is, it was changed to three kinds of local intraocular pressure lowering drugs, but the intraocular pressure was still uncontrolled. It is recommended that the patient go to our hospital for diagnosis and treatment. Physical examination in hospital: No abnormalities were found.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of diseases clinically characterized by the formation of skin and mucosal blisters after minor trauma [1]. This autoimmune disease can be divided into hereditary and acquired. A case of epidermolysis bullosa was diagnosed and treated in Beijing Tongren Hospital and Beijing Tongren Eye Center affiliated to Capital Medical University in July 2009.

iridoschisis is a rare eye disease with spontaneous splitting and dissociation of the stromal layer of the iris. It is more common in patients aged 50 to 80 years, with disease in both eyes, and the broken iris stromal tissue is mostly located below and can be free from the anterior chamber. The pathogenesis is unclear and there is no genetic predisposition. In 2009, the Department of Ophthalmology of Beijing Friendship Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University diagnosed and treated a patient with iridoschisis complicated with corneal endothelial decompensation with corneal bullae and suspected angle closure glaucoma.

Orbital varicose veins are venous vascular malformations. When the head is lowered or the lateral position, the increase of jugular vein pressure can cause the malformed blood vessels to dilate and induce postural exophthalmos. Once the malformed blood vessel ruptures, it can cause acute intraorbital hemorrhage, and in severe cases, it can cause vision loss. The Institute of Orbital Diseases of Armed Police General Hospital diagnosed and treated a case of vision loss and eye prolapse caused by spontaneous acute bleeding from orbital varices, which is relatively rare and reported below.

Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma is a lymphoma originating from NK cells and/or cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which mainly invades the nasal cavity and sinus, and is the most common malignant lymphoproliferative disease causing progressive destruction of facial midline. Mucormycosis is a rare and fatal opportunistic fungal infection caused by the genus Rhizopus, Mucor, and is another invasive disease that can cause deformity in the middle of the face. This paper reports a case of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma secondary to mucormycosis infection, which caused facial deformity and ocular involvement.

The patient was a 43-year-old female. Consciously blurred vision in his left eye for 9 months, he came to Xiamen Ophthalmology Center affiliated to Xiamen University on March 10, 2010. The whole body examination showed no abnormalities. Ophthalmic examination: visual acuity in left eye 0.02; Anterior segment examination showed no obvious abnormalities. See Essence Picture 1 for fundus examination; Fluorescein fundus angiography is shown in Essence Picture 2. Diagnosis: Hemangioma of the optic papilla of the left eye.

Glaucoma is a common cause of visual impairment and irreversible blindness. Medication is important in the management of glaucoma, especially in primary open-angle glaucoma. Combination drug therapy is needed because single drug therapy can not always control the intraocular pressure effectively to a safe level in glaucoma patients with higher baseline intraocular pressure. Traditional unfixed combination therapy of glaucoma may disturb daily life because the frequency of admitting eye-drops is increased, it is less persistence or compliance, and results in the increase of local concentration of preservatives in the eye.The new fixed combination formulations for glaucoma have been developed to be safer, more effect and more compliable. This article reviews the comparative studies of therapeutic effects of anti-glaucoma fixed combination formulation and summarizes features of each formulation, and then prospects the new developing tendency of anti-glaucoma medication.

Exfoliation glaucoma is a specific type of glaucoma secondary to exfoliation syndrome.Exfoliation syndrome is one of the most common identifiable causes of secondary open-angle glaucoma worldwide. In recent years, great progress has been made in exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma. The study of exfoliation glaucoma in the aspects of prevalence, inheritance, formation of exfoliative material,gene analysis and treatment are reviewed in this article.

Reports in the literature of dry eye are emerging about its significant impact on patient quality of life. Dry eye causes various symptoms, impaired visual functioning and psychological problems,which in turn have a significantly negative impact on dry eye patient quality of life. This paper briefly reviews the researches on the dry eye patient quality of life, influencing factors, and strategies to improve quality of life.

1. Statistical symbols: According to the relevant provisions of GB 3358-1982 "Statistical Terms and Symbols", all statistical symbols are printed in italics. Commonly used: (1) The arithmetic mean of the sample is in English lowercase face (the median is in M); (2) Standard deviation is lowercase s in English; (3) Standard misuse of English lowercase s; (4) t test is lowercase t in English; (5) F test is capitalized F in English; (6) Chi-square test with the lowercase x^ in Greek.; (7) The correlation coefficient is lowercase r; (8) Degrees of freedom should be lowercase v in Siwen, and (9) Probability should be capitalized P in English (specific test values should be given before p value, such as t value, x^.value, q value, etc.).

Early bleb failure and bleb leakage are two diametrically opposite complications common after trabeculectomy. If not treated in time, the former will lead to scar formation, insufficient filtration function and gradual increase of intraocular pressure; In the latter, a series of complications such as shallow anterior chamber, persistent intraocular hypotension, secondary filtration vesicles and intraocular infection occurred. Acupuncture separation and reinforcement and repair of filter vesicles are simple, practical and effective methods to treat these two kinds of filter vesicles respectively.

Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine is a Class III A comprehensive hospital in Shanghai. The hospital has more than 3,000 employees and more than 1,200 beds. After three years of construction, the hospital has about 2,000 beds. It is a large and famous hospital integrating medicine, teaching and research. In order to further strengthen the talent construction of the discipline team, we are invited to recruit outstanding discipline leaders and outstanding discipline backbones at home and abroad.

Shandong Institute of Ophthalmology, founded in Qingdao in 1991, is affiliated to Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences. It is an ophthalmology institution directed by Professor Xie Lixin, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, integrating scientific research, teaching, medical treatment and blindness prevention. Shandong Ophthalmology Research Institute has jurisdiction over Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Hospital (Jinan), Shandong Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Ophthalmology Optometry Center, Shandong Keratopathy Prevention and Treatment Research Center (under construction), etc.

Following the successful two "Chinese Ophthalmology Youth and Middle-aged Forum" held by the editorial board of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association in 2009 and 2010, at the request of the majority of ophthalmologists, the "3rd Chinese Ophthalmology Youth and Middle-aged Forum (with Organizing Meeting)" sponsored by this journal will be held in Xiamen, Fujian Province from July 1 to 4, 2011. The content of this forum integrates the rational application of ophthalmic drugs and the promotion of new technologies and new equipment, focusing on comprehensively improving the diagnosis and treatment level of ophthalmologists.

The 2011 "3rd Chinese Congress of Research inVision and Ophthalmology (CCRVO) and Graduate Tutor Forum" will be held at Sofitel Shenji, Chongqing from March 31 to April 3, 2011. The conference was sponsored by the Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association and hosted by the Third Military Medical University. This conference will extensively exchange the basic research progress of ophthalmology and vision science, and conduct in-depth discussions around today's frontier hot issues. Conference theme "Communication and Innovation". CONTENTS OF THE MEETING

The 17th National Conference on Ocular Trauma, Ocular Plastic Surgery and Orbital Diseases and the 5th National Orbital Disease Study Class, sponsored by the Ophthalmology Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Institute of Orbital Diseases of Armed Police General Hospital, will be held in Kunming in March 2011. At that time, well-known experts and scholars in the field of ocular trauma, eye plastic surgery and orbital disease in China will gather in Kunming to share successful experiences with fellow ophthalmologists all over the country; At the same time, well-known domestic manufacturers are invited to display related products.

The 13th National Conference on Cataract and Intraocular Lens will be held in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province from June 2 to 5, 2011. This conference was sponsored by the Cataract Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association, and hosted by Zhejiang Medical Association and the Ophthalmology Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University. The development of cataract clinical and basic research is changing rapidly. The academic exchange of this conference will involve all aspects of cataract profession. According to the new progress of cataract basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment technology, well-known experts at home and abroad engaged in cataract clinical and basic research are invited to conduct academic exchanges in the form of lectures, academic papers and case reports.

Approved by China Association for Science and Technology, it is co-sponsored by Ophthalmology Branch of Shanghai Medical Association, Ophthalmology Branch of six medical associations in East China, Hunan, Hubei, Henan and Hebei, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, School of Optometry of Wenzhou Medical College and China International Science and Technology Conference Center of China Association for Science and Technology; The 11th International Conference on Ophthalmology and Optometry (C00C2011) jointly organized by Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital affiliated to Fudan University and China International Science and Technology Conference Center will be held at Shanghai Everbright Convention and Exhibition Center from April 8 to 10, 2011.

The 14th National Academic Conference on Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology, organized by the Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association, will be held in Jinan, Shandong Province in early May 2011. This conference will focus on the clinical and basic research of strabismus and amblyopia, childhood refractive error, cataract, glaucoma, ocular trauma, fundus diseases, ocular tumors, hereditary eye diseases and other childhood eye diseases. Now we call for papers on the above academic contents.

The Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology was founded on October 1, 1950. It was sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association and edited by the Editorial Committee of the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology. The editorial committee is composed of nearly 100 well-known ophthalmologists in China. The current editor-in-chief Zhao Kanxing and the editorial director Huang Yibin. The main readers of this journal are ophthalmologists across the country, and it is publicly distributed at home and abroad. China Standard Issue Number: ISSN 0412-4081, CN 11-2142/R; Postal Code: 2-60; National map code: M93.

If the topic involved in the thesis is a national or ministerial or provincial fund or key project, the name of the fund project should be indicated with "Fund Project": as a logo at the beginning of the article, and the project number should be indicated in parentheses. The name of the fund project shall be filled in according to the official name stipulated by the relevant state departments, and a number of funds shall be listed in turn, separated by ";". All fund projects must be accompanied by copies of certificates.

Glaucoma is one of the main eye diseases causing blindness in China. In recent years, the proportion of primary open-angle glaucoma in primary glaucoma has increased. Studies have shown that up to 75% of glaucoma patients need combination medication, which is one of the important reasons for poor compliance with combination medication in glaucoma patients. In order to make more ophthalmologists pay more attention to the hot issues of glaucoma treatment, and cooperate with the National Eye Care Day, we will explore more effective medication treatment plan for patients

Corneal disease is one of the main eye diseases causing blindness at present. According to statistics, there are more than 7 million blind people in China, of which about 8% are caused by corneal disease. The only hope for blindness caused by corneal disease is corneal transplantation. However, due to the lack of donor corneas, only 8,000 corneal transplantations are performed in China every year, and millions of patients can only pray for light in the dark. Therefore, early intervention for corneal diseases is crucial. "Protecting the eyes and cherishing the cornea" has become the focus of general concern in society.

In order to comply with the development trend of network and digitalization of journals and provide high-quality services for authors and readers, the Journal of Chinese Medical Association has developed a remote manuscript management system. The system is designed according to the business requirements of manuscript processing process, editing and processing specification, manuscript review system and management specification of Chinese Medical Association series magazines. It adopts advanced database and network technology, and has strong data processing and analysis ability. The remote manuscript management system will assist authors, editors, reviewer experts, editorial board members, finalization meeting experts, editor-in-chief and other related personnel to handle manuscript business in one, solve the needs of editorial department for manuscript networked process management, and realize various functions of inquiry and performance evaluation.

Ocular Surface Live Confocal Microscope (edited by Professor Xu Jianjiang), one of the Application Series of New Ophthalmology Technologies edited by Professor Sun Xinghuai of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, has been officially published by Fudan University Press. In vivo confocal microscope of ocular surface is a new type of high precision and high magnification microscope which has appeared in recent years. As a clinically practical auxiliary diagnostic device, ocular surface confocal microscope can observe the corneal and conjunctival tissues in vivo in a non-invasive, real-time dynamic and four-dimensional (three-dimensional + time) manner, and can observe the relationship between each layer of tissues

In order to improve the printing quality of the journal, this journal has been changed to CTP plate making since 2011. In order to guarantee the printing quality of the pictures after CTP plate-making, this journal makes the following requirements for the published pictures. 1. Picture pixels are required to be more than 300 dots per square inch (picture formats are generally JPG, TIF, EPS). 2. The original picture provided by the author should avoid providing pictures embedded in office software such as Word (after the picture is embedded in office software such as Word, the picture pixels are automatically reduced to 72 points per square inch, and only 72 points per square inch when extracted).

According to international practice and the actual situation in China, for papers that meet the following conditions, the Chinese Medical Association series journals allow and accept the republication of relevant papers of the same research in different languages. 1. High-quality and influential scientific research papers. 2. The author must obtain the consent of the relevant journal, and there is no objection to the journal that publishes the paper for the first time and the journal that is going to publish it again. The author is required to provide the republished journal with the consent of the journal for the first publication of the paper, the time of the first publication of the paper and a copy, single volume or original manuscript of the paper.

According to the latest edition of Xinhua Dictionary and Modern Chinese Dictionary, the use specifications of the words "sticky" and "sticky" are as follows: when pronouncing "nian", the word "sticky" is always used, such as mucosa, mucus, slime mold, adhesive, etc.; When pronouncing "zhan", use the word "sticky", such as intestinal adhesion, paste, etc. Regarding the use of the words "Wei" and "Wei", both words mean only and only, but when used in words such as only, only, only, fear, obedience to orders and profit-seeking, the word "Wei" is always used; When used in words such as materialism, idealism, rationalism, nominalism, etc., use the word "only".

The National Committee for the Approval of Scientific and Technological Terms and the National Language Working Committee held a seminar on the usage of "Xiang" and "Xiang" at the Chinese Academy of Sciences on October 18, 2001. The meeting carefully analyzed the reasons for the confusion between the usage of "like" and "like" in the scientific and technological circles. The National Science and Technology Glossary Committee and the State Language Commission considered it necessary to clearly define the usage of this word again. Experts at the meeting believed that: elephant refers to the form and appearance of nature, people or things; Image refers to the image of a person or object made by imitation, comparison, etc., and also includes the image that is the same or similar to the original object formed by reflection and refraction of light.