Volume 45 ·  Issue 09 ·  2009

The prevention of blindness got the great progress recent five years. However, the situation of blindness and visual impairment didn't improve radically. According to the outcomes of Second National Survey of Disabled Persons in 2006, the prevalence of the visual disabled persons was 1.53%. The total number of visual disabled persons was 20. 035 millions. The leading cause of the visual disabled was cataract. The progress for eliminating cataract blindness is relatively slow. The cataract surgical rate is lower. If pay no more attention to the prevention of blindness, the goal of 'Vision 2020' may not be reached by 2020. Prevention of blindness is still a great challenge faced by Chinese ophthalmology. At present, some preparation have been made for the further activities of the prevention of blindness. The human and financial resources for the prevention of blindness are be developing. The reform of medical system in China is in favor to the activities of prevention of blindness in future. The development of the ophthalmic organizations can provide the enough professional personnel for the prevention of blindness. In the future activities of the prevention of blindness, the new mechanism is be facing to explore and construct for the persistent, efficient prevention of blindness. Recently, government launched the program 'Restore the vision for one million poor cataract blindness' is a momentous milestone affair in the prevention of blindness in China, which will promote the further activities for prevention of blindness.

The present paper concerns on some shortcoming of the planning and conducting steps in recent Chinese vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) studies, addresses the main application of VRQoL, introduces two instruments, these are questionnaire and utility value for VRQoL evaluation, the standard strategies for introducing or self-making questionnaire, and the principals of the conducting work.

Objective To determine and compare the prevalence and causes of visual disability in urban and rural areas of Hubei province. Methods A cross-sectional study. From April 1 to May 31 in 2006, based on a stratified, multi-stage, cluster-sampling strategy, 31 counties ( cities, districts), 124 townships (towns, streets), altogether 248 investigation districts, 101 674 sample individuals from Hubei province were selected to conduct inquiry registration, screening and visual disability evaluation. The revised 'Criteria of Disability' formulated by the specialist committee of the 2nd National Sample Survey of Disability was applied. The diagnosis and grading of visual disability were based on history of illness and vision function examination. The etiology diagnosis was made according to the causes of disability and the causing diseases. Chi-square test was used to investigate differences due to gender, age, and areas (urban and rural). Results The overall prevalence rate of visual disability in Hubei province is 1.40% (95% CI: 1.33%-1.47% ). The rate is O. 93% (95% CI:O. 88%-0. 98% ) for urban areas and 1.62% (95% CI: 1.24%-2. 00% ) for rural areas. Rural areas have a higher rate than urban ones and the difference is statistically significant (χ2 = 68.2410, P < 0. 0001 ). The rate increases with age in both urban and rural areas. In age groups older than 10, the prevalence rate in rural areas is higher than urban areas, and the difference becomes significant (χ2 = 33. 6569, P < 0. 0001 ) for age groups 30-80. Females have a higher rate (1.63%) than males (1.18%) (χ2 =37.8386, P<0.0001). The main eye diseases causing visual disability in urban areas are cataract ( 53. 77% ), retinopathy and choroidopathy ( 10. 82% ), ametropia (7.87%), glaucoma (6. 23% ) and hereditary/congenital diseases and developmental disorders (5.90% ). The main causing diseases in rural areas are cataract (48. 61% ), corneal diseases ( 14. 17% ), glaucoma (6. 91% ), retinopathy and choreidopathy (6. 19% ) and hereditary/congenital diseases and developmental disorders (5.20%). Conclusions The rural areas have a higher prevalence rate of visual disability than urban areas in Hubei province. Cataract is the leading cause of visual disability. We should continue the work of prevention and cure of visual disability, the primary work being cataract surgery. More stress should be placed on the prevention and cure effort in rural areas and for females and elderly people.

Objective To explore the status on visual disability and the leading causes in residents in Henan Province. Methods It was a cross-sectional study and a part of the National Epidemiological Study on the disability in 2006. Sample size 120 000 was assigned to Henan study by the protocol of the National epidemiological study on the disability. Stratified, equal interval, proportional probability;four-stage sampling was adopted. Survey teams were organized, and survey personnel was trained in the sampled counties and cities. Visual disabled persons were screened by home to home visit and confirmed by ophthalmologists. Results 130 415 persons in 36 923 households were studied. 1973 persons were confirmed to have the visual disability, the prevalence was 1.51%. Among them, 1376 persons just suffer from the visual disability (simple visual disability), 579 persons had multiple disability including the visual disability (multiple disability ) . Among them, 643 persons ( 0.49% ) were blindness, 1330 persons ( 1.02% ) were low vision. The age of the most of the persons with visual disability was more than 50 years old. The prevalence of the simple visual disability in male and female was 0. 77% and 1, 36% respectively and had significant statistical difference (χ2 = 105.687, P < 0.01 ). The prevalence of the simple visual disability in urban and rural area was 0. 58% and 1.15% respectively and also had significant statistical difference (χ2 = 56. 047, P < 0. 01 ). The first five leading causes of the visual disability were cataract (54. 69% ), retinal and choroidal diseases (8. 21% ), corneal diseases (5. 83% ), genetic and congenital eye diseases (5. 07% ) and glaucoma (4. 56% ). Conclusion Government and health organizations should pay more attention to the prevention and treatment the visual disability in Henan province, especially the prevention and treatment of cataract, retinal and choroidal diseases, corneal diseases, genetic and congenital eye diseases and glaucoma.

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of blindness and low vision and the leading cause of blindness in residents aged ≥60 years in Beixinjing blocks, Shanghai. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out by Shanghai First People's Hospital, affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University and Shanghai Beixinjing Community hospital from November 2007 to April 2008. Randomly cluster sampling method was used ,and all the individuals aged ≥60 years in 8 communities from Beixinjing blocks, Shanghai was enrolled in this study. The pinhole visual acuity and presenting visual acuity were measured separately in each eye. External eye, anterior segment and ocular fundus were examined by the ophthalmologist using slit lamp-microscopes, direct ophthalmoscopy and non-mydriatic digital camara. Assigned ophthalmolngic doctors assured the leading blind causes of every blind person. The survey was preceded by a pilot study where operational methods were refined and quality assurance evaluation was carried out. Results 3851 individuals were examined, and the response rate was 92. 73%. According to WHO diagnostic criteria: 29 persons were diagnosed as blindness, 11 male (37.93%) and 18 female (62.07%). 104 persons were diagnosed as low vision, 37 male (35. 58% ) and 67 female (64. 42% ) . The prevalence rates of blindness and low vision were 0. 75% and 2. 70%. The leading causes of blindness were macular degeneration, cataract, corneal diseases, and retinal detachment According to presenting vision diagnostic criteria: 61 persons were diagnosed as severe binocular blindness, 20 male (32. 79% ) and 41 female (67. 21% ) . 66 persons were diagnosed as slight binocular blindness, 27 male (40. 91% ) and 39 female (59. 09% ) . 276 persons were diagnosed as monocular blindness, 120 male (43.48%) and 156 female (56. 52% ). The prevalence of severe binocular blindness, slight binocular blindness and monocular blindness was 1.58% , 1.71% and 7. 17%, respectively. The leading causes of blindness were macular degeneration, cataract, ametropia and corneal diseases. Conclusion The leading cause of blindness was macular degeneration. The prevalence of degenerative retinopathy in this area is on the rise.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and relative factors of conjunctivochalasis among people over 60 years old in Canyangxincun community of Shanghai. Methods A cross-sectional study based on local residents in this community was carried out from September 2008 to October 2008. Cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting individuals aged ≥60 years. Slit-lamp ophthalmoscope was used for eye examination and diagnosis. The survey was preceded by a pilot study where operational methods were refined and quality assurance evaluation was carried out. A database was set using SPSS 10. 0 software, Chi-square test was used for data analysis. Results 2110 residents took part in this study, with the response rate 94. 85%. 930 cases (1762 eyes) were confirmed as conjunctivochalasis, so the prevalence rate is 44.08%. The prevalence of conjunctivochalasis was increasing with age (χ2= 10. 44,P <0. 01 ). 556 cases (943 eyes) were confirmed as degree Ⅰ, 246 cases (647 eyes) as degree Ⅱ, 120 cases ( 162 eyes) as degree Ⅲ and the test 8 cases ( 10 eyes) as degree Ⅳ. Several symptoms, such as blurred vision, asthenopia and eye pain were more frequent in patient group than in the normal onos(χ2 value was 15.44, 20. 54 and 19. 74, respectively, P <0. 01 ). In the disease eyes, the conjunctiva usually piled up on the nasal and temporal side (944 eyes, 53.58% ), the location of inferior lid margin was usually above corneal limbus (2589 eyes, 61.35% ) and inferior lid margin entropion and introversion were always found (7.04% and 6. 63% ). Abnormal lacrimal river was found in 87. 23% of the diseased eyes, more than the non-conjunctivochalasis eyes (χ2 = 1615. 81, P < 0. 01 ). Conclusions Conjunctivochalasis is a common eye disease in aged population, with obvious signs and symptoms of ocular surface and lacrimal river impairment. In the local residents, most patients were classified as minimal or moderate degree. The location of inferior lid margin and the tension of inferior lid may be related factor of conjunctivochalasis.

Objective To demonstrate the difference in proliferative ability and ultramicrostracture of basal limbal epithelial cells in different age group of normal subjects. Methods It is a case-control study. 40 specimens of limbas from 40 eyes provided by the eye bank of Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University in 2007-2008 were enrolled in this study. Only one eye was enrolled from the same donner. Specimens were divided into 4 groups according to the donners' age: A (0-19 years), B (20-39 years), C (40-59 years) and D(60-79 years). Immunohistochemistry of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was performed on 10 specimens of each group. The staining status of limbal epithelium was observed and the staining positive rate of the limbal basal epithelial cells was graded. And transmission electric microscopy was performed on specimens of each group. The morphologic feature of the ultrsmicrostructure of limbal basal epithelial cells were observed. Results 50% of specimens in group A showed a strong PCNA staining of ( ++++ ), while a weak staining of ( + ) took a main part in all the other 3 groups ( B 40%, C 60% and D 50%, respectively). Furthermore, positive nuclear staining of limbal superficial cells was observed in 3 specimens and positive cytoplasm staining was observed in 1 specimen, all in group A. Transmission electric microscopy showed that the stemcell-like cells in group A possessed 3 morphologic features: extremely small, stretching along the basal membrane, with densely packed heterochromatin. In contrast, the stemcell-like cells in the other 3 groups did not show great disparity in cell size with their neighbor epithelial cells, and they stretched vertically to the basal membrane, with dispersed euchromatin. Conclusion Difference in proliferative ability and ultramicrostructure of basal limbal epithelial cells was found in different age group of normal subjects.

Objective To explore the changes of the concentration of serum ischemia modified albumin(IMA) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) in type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy (DR). Methods The concentration of serum IMA and hs-CRP in DR patients were determined by ELISA and ratenephetometry and compared with those in 83 no-DR (NDR) patients and 72 controls. The concentration of serum IMA and hs-CRP in 40 proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients were compared with those in 39 no-PDR (NPDR) patients. Data was evaluated using analysis of PPMS version 1.5. Results are expressed as means ± standard deviation of the mean. Statistical comparisons were performed by student's t-test or one-way analysis of varrance followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test and the means compared each other using q test. Results The serum IMA and hs-CRP concentration in DR patients were (46.51 ± 13.29) μg/L, (4.27 ±2.24) mg/L. The serum IMA and hs-CRP concentration in NDR patients were(25.47 ± 9. 33 ) μg/L, ( 2. 96± 1.84 ) mg/L. The serum IMA and hs-CRP concentration in controls were ( 15.36 ± 4.27 ) μg/L, ( 1.86 ±0. 97 ) mg/L. The serum IMA and hs-CRP concentration in PDR patients were(54. 72± 15.61 ) μg,/L, (6. 34 ± 3.53 ) mg/L. The serum IMA and hs-CRP concentration in NPDR patients were ( 38.35 ± 11.27 )μg/L, ( 3. 28 ± 1.77 ) mg/L. The serum IMA and hs-CRP concentration were significantly higher in DR patients than those in controls and NDR patients, the serum IMA and hs-CRP concentration in NDR patients were significantly higher than those in controls ( F = 197. 124,34. 561 ;q =5.41-27. 34;P <0. 01 ) ;the serum IMA and hs-CRP concentration were significantly higher in PDR patients than those in NPDR patients ( t = 5.46,4. 89 ;P < 0. 01 ) ;there was significant positive correlation between serum IMA concentration and hs-CRP concentration in DR patients( r =0. 617, P <0. 01 ). Conclusion The serum IMA and hs-CRP concentration were significantly high in DR patients, and were positively associated with the seriousness of DR, which may contribute to the development of DR.

Objective To investigate quantitative changes of the anterior segment configuration after clear corneal incision phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with slit-lamp-adapted optical coherence tomography (SL-OCT). Methods In prospective consecutive case series, clear corneal incision phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation were performed in 44 eyes of 40 patients. The changes of the anterior segment configuration were performed by SL-OCT before and 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month after surgery. SPSS 16.0 software was used to analyze statistical difference. Results For all patients, the central corneal thickness (CCT) and the incisional corneal thickness (ICT) increased significantly 1 day after surgery ( CCT increased 99. 59 μm, ICT increased 234. 57 μm;P = O. 490). At 1 month, the CCT almost had returned to baseline, but the ICT had been ticker about 19. 25 μm than baseline (P=0. 001) . The measurements of ACD, AODS00, AOD750, TISAS00, TISA750 also increased significantly 1 day after surgery. Although the ACD had no changes within 2 weeks( all P <0.05), it had been not stable. The changes of the width of the anterior chamber had been stable in the early period after surgery ( all P>0. 05). Conclusion The SL-OCT could impersonality and quantificationally evaluate the anterior segment changes induced by cataract surgery.

Objective To discuss the result of TORIC intraocular lens (IOL) implantation to correct preexisting astigmatism in patients having cataract surgery. Methods This prospective series case study in Tianjin Medical University Eye Center included 61 eyes of 52 patients with more than 0. 75 diopter (D) of preexisting corneal astigmatism having cataract surgery. The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), residual cylinders, and TORIC IOL axis were measured preoperatively, 1 d, 1 month,3 months post operatively. Results The UCVA was 0.5 or better in 92% of eyes and 0. 8 or better in 78%. The mean refractive cylinder decreased significantly after surgery from ( 1.92 ± 0. 83 ) D to (0. 35 ± 0. 39 ) D ( P < 0. 01 ), which was no statistically significance with anticipated residual cylinder(0. 37 ± 0. 42) D. The mean TORIC IOL axis rotation was 3.74°± 4. 71° degrees at 1 d postoperatively, 92% of eyes deviated less than 10 degrees to the anticipated axis, from then on the IOL axis rotated 1.22°± 2. 53° degrees till 3 months post operation. 98% of eyes rotated less than 10 degrees. Conclusions The SN60TT TORIC IOL showed good stability. Phacoemulsification and posterior chamber TORIC IOL implantation is an safe and effective option to correct preexisting astigmatism in cataract patients.

Objective To evaluate the practical value of a new technology for objective measurement of accommodation of human eyes. Methods It was a comparative study of some techniques for measuring the accommodation of human eyes. Twenty-six outpatients (20 male, 6 female, 10-37 years old) that were suspected to be abnormal in accommodation were examined with Nidek ARK-730 ( with software AA-1 inside). The measurement results from the instrument were compared by Kappa test with the clinical impression and comprehensive impression based on measurement results and clinical information. Results The abnormality rate of accommodation of the patients were 61.5% ,46. 2% ,61.5% from the instrument, clinical impression and comprehensive impression respectively. The agreement was weak with Kappa value 0. 244 between results from the instrument and clinical impression. The agreement was mild with Kappa value 0. 513 between results from the instrument and comprehensive impression. The agreement was high with Kappa value 0. 698 between results from clinical impression and comprehensive impression. Conclusions The new technology is a progress and complementary to the traditional technology for accommodation examination. With the help of the new technology, some complicated patients could be diagnosed. The diagnose procedure of the instrument remains to be improved. The comprehensive impression based on measurement results and clinical information has more practical value.

Objective To design the robotic mechanism of the cornea grafting micro-surgery system and evaluate its experimental feasibility and efficacy. Methods It was an experimental study. Based on computer assisted cornea grafting surgery ( CACGS), the prototype about cornea grafting robot, which consists of six subsystems, was developed. The system was used for looping incision and suturing for 20 rabbit corneas. Experimental data were studied including the error of target incision position, the actual cutting depth and the cutting edge span in order to evaluate the system's clinical value. All above statistical descriptions were performed using SPSS software version 11.5. Results 20 corneas were looping incised and sutured by the robot-assisted cornea grafting micro-surgery system successfully. The error of target incision position was (0.356±0.040)mm. With CACGS, the cutting edge span (A) was (0.855±0.040) and the actual cutting depth error was less than 10 p,m. Corneal structure and thickness was showed no change and cutting edge of cornea was displayed regularity in pathological examination. To suturing system, suturing span was (2.15 ± 0.09 )mm and the error of span (0.15 ± 0.02 )mm. Conclusions The cornea grafting micro-surgery system developed is used for cornea grafting of some animals successfully. The experiment results demonstrate the stability and efficiency of the robot.

Trachoma is known as a chronic, epidemic and blindness eye disease, which is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. The infection and transmission of trachoma have great relationship with environment, family and sanitation. Recently, there were reports continuously about the epidemic of trachoma in some countries and districts. So, it is still a remarkable problem to prevent and therapy trachoma in the world. The prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, preventive and therapy of trachoma are summarized in the paper.

Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are pro-survival, pleiotrophic polypeptides which can play an important role in growth, differentiation and function maintenance of neurons. Many of them have been applied to treat various neurodegenerative diseases. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), characterized by the impairment of photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelium complex, is a retinal neurodegenerative disease with highly genetic heterogeneity. NTFs, one of the therapy approaches not targeting the mutation gene, have been proved to be effective in multiple types of animal models of retinal degeneration. Recent success in delivery of NTF genes by viral vectors or encapsulated cell technology (ECT) to degenerative retina provides an efficient administration approaches with great improvement in therapeutic effects. Further exploration for NTFs in the aspects of modulation of expression, location of receptors, signaling pathways, short- and long-term effects including side-effects will establish the foundation for clinical application of NTFs.

The fungal keratitis is a common ocular disease, and its etiological factor and pathogenesis are definite, but the treatment is difficult and prognosis is poor. It is vital for fungal keratitis to be diagnosed rapidly and treated effectively. This paper had summarized the germ spectrum changes of fungal keratitis, new means of diagnosis adopted both in laboratory and clinical practices, such as improved staining method, confocal biomicroscope, technique of PCR and molecular sequence. There were some details of various new anti-fungal drugs and the available alternatives of surgical treatment for best treating effects.

In clinical work practice, ophthalmologists' understanding of various neuro-ophthalmic diseases is constantly improving. They no longer only focus on local changes in the eye, but pay more attention to its relationship with systemic diseases, especially nervous system-related diseases. Overall observation, diagnosis and treatment. However, because there are still few ophthalmologists engaged in this specialty in China, and they are only concentrated in a few large ophthalmology institutions, and there is still a lack of professional systematic training as a whole, ophthalmologists' understanding of neuroophthalmology diseases is insufficient, which often leads to clinical misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis. In order to enable many ophthalmologists to deeply understand and learn the marginal discipline of neuroophthalmology and actively promote the development of this discipline, the Department of Ophthalmology of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and this journal will jointly hold the "National New Progress in Clinical and Basic Neuroophthalmology" in Beijing in mid-November 2009.

The 2009 Annual Meeting of Ophthalmology Professional Committee of Beijing Medical Association and the inaugural meeting of the new Ophthalmology Professional Committee of Beijing Medical Association were successfully held in Beijing from July 3 to 4, 2009. More than 600 ophthalmologists from Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region attended the conference. Leaders of Chinese Medical Association Ophthalmology Branch, Chinese Medical Association Ophthalmologist Branch, Beijing Medical Association, Capital Medical University, Beijing Municipal Health Bureau, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology and other institutions and departments attended the meeting to congratulate and deliver speeches. This conference is listed as an integral part of the series of activities of Beijing Medical Congress to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China.

The National Continuing Medical Education Base of Ophthalmology in China (Sun Yat-sen Ophthalmology Center of Sun Yat-sen University) will hold a continuing medical education base project study class in November 2009. The study class number of new progress in ophthalmology is J9-09-01.

The 2009 National Continuing Education Project (No.: 20090702086), jointly sponsored by the Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and the Department of Ophthalmology of Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital, will be held in Shenyang, Liaoning Province from December 16 to 20, 2009. The class will invite experts in the field of eye plastic surgery and orbital diseases in China to give special lectures.

With the approval of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association, the 11th National Academic Conference on Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases and the 2nd National Conference on Corneal Refractive Surgery will be held in Qingdao, Shandong Province in early June 2010. The Keratology Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association and Shandong Ophthalmology Research Institute, the organizer of the conference, sincerely invite domestic and foreign ophthalmologists, colleagues and ophthalmology business people to attend the conference.

Following the successful "First Chinese Ophthalmology Young and Middle-aged Forum" held by the editorial board of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association in 2009, at the request of the majority of ophthalmologists, the "Second Chinese Ophthalmology Young and Middle-aged Forum (and Organizing Meeting)" sponsored by this journal will be held in Shanghai (tentatively) in mid-to-late June 2010. The content of this forum integrates the rational application of ophthalmic drugs and the promotion of new technologies and new equipment, focusing on comprehensively improving the diagnosis and treatment level of ophthalmologists. At that time, academic leaders (editorial board members of this journal) such as Zhao Kanxing, Zhao Jialiang, Li Xiaoxin, Sun Xinghuai, Yao Ke, Ge Jian, Xie Lixin, He Shouzhi, Dong Fangtian, Ma Zhizhong and Liu Guoguo will be invited to give wonderful speeches, and well-known young and middle-aged experts in ophthalmology will be invited to carry out academic discussions and experience exchanges on hot topics related to ophthalmology. Taking the forum as the main form and academic controversy as the leading thought, we focus on highlighting the development potential of young and middle-aged physicians, and strive to innovate the old and give full play to the academic guiding role of this journal.

The academic symposium on 3D coherence optical tomography was held in Beijing Topcon Trading Co., Ltd. located in Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone on July 31st, 2009, with the theme of "Joining hands with OCT to create a new vision". Zhang Chengfen, Li Xiaoxin, Zhao Kanxing, Sun Xinquan and other well-known ophthalmologists in North China, as well as young and middle-aged ophthalmologists, were invited to attend the conference. Experts and delegates at the meeting gave academic lectures and discussed difficult cases on the diagnosis and interpretation of 3D coherence optical tomography, as well as the principle, clinical application and development direction of coherence optical tomography.

With the development of society and economy, visual quality has obviously affected the quality of life of patients, which is increasingly concerned by the society. The rapid development of science and technology has laid the foundation for the continuous renewal of ophthalmic equipment and drugs, and improved the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment. Bausch & Lomb Eye Surgery Products Company of the United States continues to provide professional medical equipment for ophthalmology clinics. Among them, the excimer laser 2172100 refractive correction system has a relatively comprehensive individualized treatment technology, and its clinical effect has been recognized by ophthalmologists and patients;

As a journal with strong academic strength and extensive academic influence in the field of ophthalmology in China, in order to better serve the majority of ophthalmologists in China, strengthen clinicians' cognition of various ophthalmological surgical concepts, surgical standards and surgical effects, and thus promote the development and improvement of clinical surgical skills in China, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology will hold a series of select activities of ophthalmological surgery in Chinese Journal for ophthalmologists all over the country. The participating materials are surgical videos, and the evaluation committee of the activity is composed of the editorial board of relevant majors of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology. Based on the principle of fairness and justice, the academic level is the leading factor, and the participating materials are evaluated according to the standardization of operation, skills, difficulty, excitement and other items. The results of the selection will be announced and awarded at the National Academy of Ophthalmology, and published in Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology in written form. Some or all of the selected surgical videos will be included in the CD-ROM of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology for distribution.

Ocular Surface Live Confocal Microscope (edited by Professor Xu Jianjiang), one of the Application Series of New Ophthalmology Technologies edited by Professor Sun Xinghuai of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, has been published by Fudan University Press. In vivo confocal microscope of ocular surface is a new type of high precision and high magnification microscope which has appeared in recent years. As a clinically practical auxiliary diagnostic device, ocular surface in vivo confocal microscope can make non-invasive, real-time dynamic and four-dimensional (three-dimensional + time) observation of living corneal and conjunctival tissues, and can observe the relationship between various layers of tissues. Therefore, it has been widely paid attention by clinicians and scientific researchers.

In order to promote the exchange between editors and readers, the editorial department of Chinese Medical Journal English Edition has implemented the reader membership system since August 1, 2009. Medical workers are welcome to join as reader members of Chinese Medical Journal English Edition. Please refer to the Articles of Membership (www.cmj.org) for information on the eligibility, rights and obligations of reader members.

In order to promote the scientific and technological journals sponsored by CAST and its affiliated national societies to better serve the independent innovation of science and technology, strengthen the academic exchange function, promote the implementation of the strategy of fine scientific and technological journals, improve the core competitiveness of scientific and technological journals, and improve the ability of national societies to serve the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and strengthening the country through talents, CAST has organized and implemented the application and evaluation of projects funded by fine scientific and technological journals since 2006. This journal was successively awarded the IT project of the first issue of the Association for Science and Technology from 2006 to 2008. In 2009, IT was again awarded the Class B project of the second issue of the Association for Science and Technology 2009. There are 45 kinds of journals supported this time. Among them, there are 5 types of Class A (subsidized by 250,000 yuan), 40 types of Class B (subsidized by 150,000 yuan), and 100 types of non-subsidized journals.

In order to strengthen the academic exchange of ophthalmology at home and abroad, expand the international vision of domestic ophthalmologists, and promote the integration of domestic ophthalmology with international standards as soon as possible, the Health Express Training Network (www.ixlearn.com) has been specially established, which will serve all domestic ophthalmologists in the form of public welfare.

The author reported a case of 10 years of posterior dislocation of intraocular lens (IOL) in 2003. The patient successfully underwent IOL intraocular suspension reduction of posterior dislocation of left eye on October 11, 2001 [1]. On August 30, 2008, the patient suddenly felt blurred vision in his left eye after washing his face. Because of the experience of posterior dislocation of IOL in both eyes, the patient went to the Department of Ophthalmology of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University School of Medicine in time. Left eye 0.02, corrected visual acuity 0.8, transparent cornea, normal anterior chamber, iris tremor, no residual lens capsule, dilated pupil found dislocation of trisomy IOL in subtemporal vitreous cavity, three-sided mirror examination found free nasal lens loop, but subtemporal lens loop in position, after prone position, the patient felt that IOL was relocated in the pupil area, and the retinal photocoagulation plaque of the last operation could be seen in the peripheral part of the fundus.

The patient, a 45-year-old male, came to the ophthalmology clinic of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University on December 3, 2007 due to redness and pain in the right eye, foreign body sensation, photophobia and tearing and progressive aggravation of visual acuity after stone injury in the right eye. The whole body examination was normal. The eye examination showed that the visual acuity was anterior manual in the right eye and 0.8 in the left eye. The conjunctiva of the right eye was mixed congested, and an ulcer was seen in the lower part of the cornea near the pupil area, which was gray-white, less glossy, with a slightly raised surface and covered with pus-like objects. The ulcer area was about 6 mm ×6 mm, the peripheral cornea was transparent, the anterior chamber was empyema (Figure 1), and the posterior segment of the eye was unclear. Diagnosis: fungal corneal ulcer in the right eye. The right corneal scraping culture examination was performed. The ulcer surface of the right cornea was burned with iodine tincture, and 0.2 ml of fluconazole injection was injected subconjunctivally. The same treatment was given again the next day or every other day according to the condition. Local alternating and frequent drops of amphotericin B eye solution, fluconazole eye solution and natamycin eye solution; Systemic intravenous drip of fluconazole injection 200 mg, once/day, discontinued after 1 week, pay close attention to the changes of liver and kidney function during the treatment.

A 17-year-old female was found to have strabismus in her left eye after birth, which was gradually aggravated. The small cornea of her left eye could not be exposed when she looked directly forward, and her head was deviated to the right. She was admitted to hospital on November 29, 2006 because of the need for cosmetic surgery.

Effective optical correction of aphakic eyes after congenital cataract extraction has been a topic of discussion among scholars. From April 2007 to July 2008, the author fitted 3 cases (4 eyes) of aphakic eyes after congenital cataract extraction with ultra-high oxygen permeable rigid gas permeable contact lenses (RGP), which were continuously worn overnight, combined with covering treatment and visual function rehabilitation training, and achieved good clinical correction results.

Still disease in adults has been frequently reported in recent years. It is an immune system disease whose etiology is Still not completely clear, which may be related to the allergic reaction of the whole system caused by infection. Patients show symptoms such as high fever, arthritis and leukocytosis, but there are few reports of fundus changes in the literature. We treated a patient with binocular remote retinopathy caused by Still disease in adults on July 21, 2008. The analysis report is as follows, in order to attract the attention of ophthalmologists and rheumatologists and avoid misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis.

A 5-year-old child was diagnosed as "acute optic neuroretinopathy (viral)" on September 10, 2006 due to sudden loss of vision in both eyes for 6 days. He was given 180 mg intravenous drip of hydroxymethylacycloguanosine for 3 days, and then changed to 150 mg for 2 days. 20 mg of dexamethasone and 1.0 g of cefnicinal for 5 days; The visual acuity did not improve. The child went to the ophthalmology department of Beijing Tongren Hospital on October 16, 2006.

A 52-year-old female was admitted to hospital with "senile cataract" mainly because of "blurred vision in both eyes for 2 years". The patient underwent radial keratotomy (RK) in both eyes due to high myopia more than 20 years ago. Ophthalmological examination showed that the corrected visual acuity of both eyes was 0.1; 18-20 RK scars of different shades were visible in the cornea (Figure 1); The depth of the anterior chamber was normal, the pupil was round, and the light reflection was normal; Lens nucleus and posterior subcapsular opacity; The bottom of his eyes could not see clearly.

1. Statistical symbols: According to the relevant regulations of GB3358-1982 (Statistical Nouns and Symbols), all statistical symbols are typeset in italics. Commonly used: (1) The arithmetic mean of the sample is in English lowercase (median is in M); (2) Standard deviation is in English lowercase s; (3) Standard misuse of English lowercase sx; (4) t test is in English lowercase t; (5) F test is in English capital F; (6) Sign square test is in Greek lowercase X ^ 2; (7) The correlation coefficient is lowercase r in English; (8) Degrees of freedom are lowercase v in Hiven; (9) The probability is capitalized P in English (specific test values should be given before the P value, such as t value, X^2 value, q value, etc.).

The Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology was founded on October 1, 1950. It was sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association and edited by the Editorial Committee of the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology. The editorial committee is composed of nearly 100 well-known ophthalmologists in China. The current editor-in-chief Zhao Jialiang and the editorial director Huang Yibin. The main readers of this journal are ophthalmologists across the country, and it is publicly distributed at home and abroad. China Standard Issue Number: ISSN0412-4081, CN11-2142/R; Postal Code: 2-60; National map code: M93.

In order to comply with the development trend of network and digitalization of journals and provide high-quality services for authors and readers, the Journal of Chinese Medical Association has developed a remote manuscript management system. The system is designed according to the business requirements of manuscript processing process, editing and processing specification, manuscript review system, management specification and other business requirements of a series of journals of Chinese Medical Association, and adopts advanced database and network technology,

Demodex mites exist widely in nature, and only two species have been found to inhabit the human body so far, namely Demodex follicularis and Demodex sebaceus. The clinical manifestations of Demodex mites after inhabiting the eye vary from no discomfort to blepharitis, such as congestion, itching, tingling sensation and foreign body sensation at the eyelid margin. Blepharitis caused by Demodex mites often occurs repeatedly and is difficult to cure completely, and scales are often found in the eyelid margin [1-2]. In order to study the law of ocular Demodex infection, this paper studied the number of scales at the eyelid margin and the count of Demodex eyelashes, and discussed the relationship between the number of scales at the eyelid margin and the inhabitation of Demodex eyelashes.

The patient was an 18-year-old female who came to the Department of Ophthalmology of Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province on January 11, 2009 due to dark shadow in front of her right eye for 6 days. The patient suffered from aplastic anemia for 2 years. Ocular examination showed that the visual acuity was 0.8 in the right eye and 1.0 in the left eye; the conjunctiva of the eyelid was pale; See the essence picture for both fundus conditions 1. Ophthalmological diagnosis: aplastic anemia fundus lesions.