2015年 · 第43卷第02期

In order to celebrate and commemorate the centenary of the birth of Chinese Medical Association, the editorial committee of Chinese Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases carefully organized the column "Focus on the Centenary", inviting academic leaders who have made outstanding contributions to the establishment and development of modern cardiology in China in various fields of cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment to write a series of articles, review and summarize history, look forward to the future, and strive to create a new era.

Since liberation, the Party and government have attached great importance to people's health and attached increasing importance to research on the prevention and treatment of hypertension. With the joint efforts of government departments, professional groups, medical institutions, primary health institutions and their related personnel, hypertension has made great progress and gratifying achievements in epidemiological research, population prevention and control, clinical research and international exchanges. This article focuses on some important work in the past 60 years, and presents a small gift for the 100th anniversary of the founding of Chinese Medical Association.

Electrocardiology is an important part of cardiovascular disease, and the progress of electrocardiology is also the earliest (or one of the earliest) and developing rapidly in the history of cardiovascular disease for a hundred years.

Clinical electrocardiophysiology has gradually developed and matured since the mid-1960s. Its initial aim was to elucidate the mechanism by which the arrhythmia occurs, which was diagnosed on the ECG, but not how it occurs. Therefore, it attracted a large number of aspirants to explore it, created the special method of electrocardiology, and created a brand-new field of arrhythmia research.

AS is the common pathological basis of coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events caused by AS and its related thrombosis are the most important causes of death and disability in developed countries, and also important factors affecting health and socio-economy in developing countries.

Cardiac rehabilitation in China started in the mid-1980s, 20 years later than that in European and American countries. From the late 1970s to the early 1980s, during the reform and opening up of China, some experts and scholars in the cardiovascular field had the opportunity to go abroad, learn from the development experience of international cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment, and began to understand the concept and practice of modern cardiac rehabilitation. A group of experts represented by Professor Qu Lei of Hebei Provincial People's Hospital, with the strong support of Professor Wu Yingkai, started the hard work of cardiac rehabilitation in China. In 1986, they published reviews and treatises on cardiac rehabilitation in Chinese medical journals. The Department of Cardiac Surgery of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital under the leadership of Dean Luo Zhengxiang and Professor Feng Jianzhang set up a cardiac rehabilitation department. Professor Sun Jiazhen has been struggling in the field of cardiac rehabilitation, and then handed the baton to Guo Lan, the current director of cardiac rehabilitation department. Professor Sun Ming of Xiangya Hospital in Changsha, Hunan advocated the development of cardiac rehabilitation, and sent his cardiologist Liu Suixin to the United States to specialize in cardiac rehabilitation, which held Xiangya, an important position of cardiac rehabilitation. Jin Hongyi, the former president of Zhejiang Hospital, has set up a cardiac rehabilitation department equipped with wards in the hospital.

As an important part of medical imaging, cardiovascular imaging has gone through a long journey of continuous development and innovation for more than 100 years. Looking back at this course, looking forward to the future, meeting the challenges, and making continuous efforts to make China's cardiovascular imaging rank among the advanced forests in the world as soon as possible.

Throughout the ages, in any society and historical period, the process of any cause from scratch, from weak to strong is a symbol of the progress of human social civilization, and it is inseparable from the social environment and needs at that time. The same is true of medical cause.

The Chinese Medical Association was born in the horn of the Revolution of 1911, and grew up and developed under the banner of the People's Republic of China. It is an academic mass organization with a long history, numerous members, sound institutions, wide influence and high reputation at home and abroad. On the occasion of celebrating the 100th anniversary of her birth, I wish the Chinese Medical Association to continuously promote the progress of medical science and technology and the growth of medical science and technology talents under the historical opportunity of deeper development of the country's reform and opening up; Constantly popularize medical and health knowledge and improve medical technology level; We will continue to strengthen cooperation between disciplines and academic groups, expand international medical exchanges, and make greater contributions to building a harmonious society in an all-round way.

Interventional cardiology originates from right cardiac catheterization for clinical use. In 1929, Dr. Werner Forssmann of Germany successfully placed a catheter into the right atrium from his own elbow vein under fluoroscopy. Since 1941, André F Cournand of France and Dickson W. Richards of the United States have improved this technology and popularized it in clinical practice. In 1956, the three jointly won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine.

atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and erectile dysfunction (ED) share many similar risk factors, such as aging, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and diabetes, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, etc. Nearly 40% of men over the age of 40 have varying degrees of ED, and it has been established that men with ASCVD have a high incidence of ED; On the other hand, ED is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and can be used as an early warning factor for early screening of ASCVD. ED usually occurs 2 to 5 years before coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Treatment for ED alone cannot prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular events; It is important to control cardiovascular risk factors in time for the prevention and treatment of ED^[1,2]。

Lower estrogen levels in women after menopause, as well as modern lifestyle and lack of exercise, cholesterol levels are significantly increased, and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases increases rapidly with age. Therefore, women's health problems have attracted much attention. In order to promote the management of dyslipidemia in postmenopausal women in China and effectively reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women, the Women Physicians Working Committee of Cardiovascular Physicians Branch of Chinese Medical Doctors Association and the Women's Heart Health Organizing Committee of Cardiovascular Diseases Branch of Chinese Medical Association jointly released the "Chinese Expert Consensus on Dyslipidemia Management in Postmenopausal Women"^[1]。 This paper briefly describes the current understanding of estrogen and lipid metabolism and the role of estrogen in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.

The Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council issued the Regulations on Smoking Control in Public Places (Draft for Review) [referred to as the Regulations (Draft for Review)] for extensive comments. Therefore, the Professional Committee on Smoking and Disease Control of China Tobacco Control Association invited relevant societies and experts to discuss the Regulations (Draft for Review) on January 11th.

From January 2009 to December 2013, a total of 4 cases of Brucella infectious endocarditis were treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, including 3 males and 1 female, aged 25-55 years, all of whom went to the doctor due to intermittent fever, with a medical history of 1 month to 3 years, and the peak fever was 39.5℃ ~40.0℃. Among them, 1 case had a history of close contact with cattle and sheep, 1 case had a history of repeated consumption of wild animals, 1 case had been treated with anti-tuberculosis due to ventricular septal defect (VSD) + right ventricular double outlet intracardiac tunneling operation, 2 abortions and unexplained peritoneal effusion, and 1 case had no clear inducement. Pathological murmur could be heard in all 4 patients, splenic infarction in 2 cases and occlusion of the right common iliac artery in 1 case. Blood culture of Brucella was positive in 4 cases, erythrocyte sedimentation was increased in 3 cases, white blood cells were slightly increased in 1 case, and hemoglobin was slightly decreased in 1 case. No abnormalities in platelets, liver and kidney function, anti-streptolysin O and rheumatoid factor were found in any of the 4 patients. Echocardiography found involvement of the aortic valve in 2 cases, involvement of the mitral valve in 1 case and involvement of the left ventricular surface of the ventricular septal patch in 1 case.

An 80-year-old male was admitted to the hospital due to chest tightness after repeated activities for 3 years and aggravation for 2 months. Three years ago, the patient developed chest tightness after activity or fatigue, which could be relieved after about 10 minutes of rest. Then, the activity tolerance gradually decreased, and in severe cases, he could not lie down at night. He visited the local hospital many times, and the echocardiogram showed enlarged heart and severe regurgitation of the aortic and mitral valves, and the symptoms could be relieved after symptomatic and supportive treatment. Two months ago, the patient's symptoms were significantly worsened, and after symptomatic treatment, the chest tightness was not significantly relieved, and he still had nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea. Previous history of coronary heart disease, percutaneous coronary intervention in the right coronary artery, and history of hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic renal insufficiency.

Calcium ions activate potassium channels (Ca^2＋-activated K^＋channels, K._Ca) is a general term for a large class of potassium ion channels, which are divided into three types according to the conductance of the channels: large conductance K_CaBK channel), medium conductance calcium ion-activated potassium channel (intermediate conductance K_CaIK channel), small conductance calcium ion activated potassium channel (small conductance K_CaSK channel). Among them, SK channels are widely divided in many tissues of human body, including brain, peripheral nerves, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, atrial muscle and ventricular muscle. Since the existence of SK channel on cardiomyocytes was discovered, the mechanism of SK channel and cardiac arrhythmia has been a hot research topic. This article mainly reviews the basic electrophysiological characteristics of cardiomyocyte SK channel and the mechanism of cardiac arrhythmia.

Since the advent of pacemakers in the late 1950s, they have developed into implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices (CRTs). So far, more than 5 million patients worldwide have received cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) treatment; At the same time, the aging population is faced with the increasing incidence of tumors year by year. As the second largest means of tumor treatment, radiotherapy is widely used in clinical practice. For tumor patients implanted with pacemakers, CRT and ICD, radiotherapy may damage these heart implanted electronic devices. There have been reports of the failure of cardiac pacemaker implanted in the body caused by radiotherapy in foreign countries, but there are few related reports in China. This article reviews the effects and possible mechanisms of radiotherapy on patients with CIED implantation, and discusses the risk management of patients with CIED receiving radiotherapy.

The standardization of paper writing is very important for review and readability. The author puts forward the following suggestions for readers' reference on the problems often encountered in review.