2018年 · 第51卷第01期

On December 16th, 2017, the inaugural meeting of the sixth editorial committee of Chinese Journal of Neurology was held in Nanning, Guangxi, which marked the official start of the work of the new editorial committee, and also meant that the majority of editorial boards, relevant experts and the staff of the editorial department needed to consider how to ensure the healthy and steady development of Chinese Journal of Neurology in the next four years.

Revascularization and restoration of perfusion is the most important treatment for acute ischemic stroke. After intravenous thrombolysis, international clinical studies have confirmed that endovascular thrombectomy can significantly improve the prognosis of patients^[1]。 The treatment method of endovascular thrombectomy for acute large artery occlusion is recommended by the highest evidence-based level of domestic and foreign guidelines. More and more patients have received endovascular thrombectomy, and a considerable number of patients have improved their clinical prognosis, but many patients have not achieved the expected efficacy. The results of the study showed that although recanalization was resumed within the time window of 3 to 6 h after onset, up to 36% to 47% of patients did not achieve a good prognosis^[2]。

Cerebral angiography was first successfully performed in humans by Portuguese physician Egas Moniz in 1927^[1,2]。 Direct exposure of the carotid artery is initially required^[3,4]Or percutaneous carotid puncture^[5]vertebral artery^[6]Injection of contrast agent followed by introduction of percutaneous arterial puncture and sheathing technique (Seldinger puncture)^[7]and digital subtraction angiography (digital subtraction angiography, DSA)^[8]And gradually developed into today's mature percutaneous arterial catheterization cerebral angiography (hereinafter referred to as DSA). This method was initially used to explore intracranial space-occupying lesions. After the appearance of noninvasive imaging methods such as CT and MRI, DSA is mainly used to evaluate cerebrovascular abnormalities. At present, CT angiography (CTA) and MRA can basically obtain complete head and neck vascular images. However, DSA can dynamically observe cerebral blood flow and collateral circulation, and can complete interventional therapy at the same time, which is still an important method that cannot be replaced by other examination methods. In order to standardize the operating procedure of cerebral angiography, the Neurology Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized some domestic experts to formulate the Chinese expert consensus on the operating procedure of cerebral angiography according to the guidance of domestic and foreign procedure specifications and related literatures for clinical reference.

posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare clinical imaging syndrome, with advanced visual dysfunction as the earliest or most dominant manifestation. Patients are often first diagnosed in ophthalmology, but there is no abnormality in routine ophthalmology examination. Detailed medical history inquiry, neuropsychological evaluation and imaging examination are helpful in the diagnosis of this syndrome. We report a patient with PCA diagnosed and treated in clinical work as follows.

pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are rare congenital lung diseases in which pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins are directly connected to form short circuits, which can cause cerebral embolism and brain abscess^[1]Also known as pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF). patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a risk factor of cerebral infarction and an important cause of cryptogenic stroke (CS)^[2]。 Thalamic infarction is mostly caused by the occlusion of the perforating thalamic artery, which is mostly unilateral. When the anatomical variation of the perforating thalamic artery innervates both sides, it is called Percheron artery, and bilateral symmetric thalamic infarction may occur, which is relatively rare^[2,3]。 A case of Percheron artery infarction caused by PAVMs is reported.

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) is a rare central nervous system disease and a common cause of hemiatrophy of the brain. Clinically, it is characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures, facial asymmetry, hemiplegia of one limb, mental retardation and mental abnormalities. The typical imaging manifestations were unilateral hemispheric atrophy, ipsilateral ventricular dilatation, large softening foci in part of the brain parenchyma, ipsilateral skull hyperplasia, enlargement of nasal sinuses and mastoid sinuses, etc. First reported by Dyke, Davidoff, and Masson in 1933. At present, only more than 100 related cases have been reported at home and abroad^[1,2,3,4]。 A case of DDMS admitted to our hospital is reported as follows for clinical reference.

Occlusion and recanalization within time window is the most effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) at present. There are many factors affecting its outcome, among which collateral circulation is one of its important factors. The establishment of collateral circulation directly affects the choice of early treatment plan and final infarct volume in AIS patients. We mainly review the assessment methods of collateral circulation in AIS patients, aiming to provide a new way of thinking for realizing individualized treatment of AIS patients in the acute phase.

The recurrence rate of mild stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is high, which can lead to disability and death if not actively treated. However, patients and some clinicians lack attention to this disease, so patients and clinicians should improve their understanding of this disease. Dutch scholars^[1]Follow-up of 2 473 patients with mild stroke or TIA showed that the disease has a high long-term mortality and cardiovascular events. Effects of TIA and Emergency Treatment of Mild Stroke on Early Recurrent Stroke (effect of urgent treatment of transient ischaemic attack and minor stroke on early recurrent stroke, EXPRESS study)^[2]It was found that for TIA or mild stroke, early initiation of existing treatment options can reduce the risk of early recurrent stroke by 80%, which suggests that we should improve public education and awareness of mild stroke and improve related medical services. Therefore, we analyze and summarize the definition, treatment and related factors affecting prognosis of mild stroke, aiming to improve the awareness and attention of patients and medical workers to mild stroke.

progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a common atypical Parkinson's syndrome. It is a 4R tauopathy with unique pathological features caused by abnormal aggregation of tau protein (4R tau) in four repeat regions. Its core pathological changes are neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and/or neuropil threads in the basal ganglia and brain stem. The clinical phenotype involves behavioral, language and motor disorders^[1]。 Its most classic clinical phenotype, Richardson's syndrome (RS), was first identified in 1964 by Steele et al.^[2]Reports. For a considerable time, RS was considered the only clinical phenotype of PSP, and relevant PSP clinical and pathological diagnostic criteria were also developed based on PSP-RS^[3,4]。

In 2016, the Lancet published a global burden of disease study on death analysis in 195 countries and regions around the world^[1]。 The article pointed out that in 2015, the number of all-cause deaths worldwide was 55 million, and the number of deaths caused by non-communicable diseases reached more than 39 million, accounting for 71% of the total deaths. Among them, dementia is one of the main causes, and it is the fastest-growing disease causing deaths in the 10 years from 2005 to 2015, with an increase of 40%. The World Alzheimer's disease (AD) 2015 Report conservatively estimates that there are 46.8 million dementia patients worldwide, and it is estimated that there will be 130 million by 2050^[2]。 The financial burden of dementia is also staggering. According to statistics, in 2015, the global cost of dementia reached more than 800 billion US dollars, far higher than the market value of giant companies such as Apple and Google. These data show that dementia has posed a great threat to public health and social care worldwide. Therefore, solving the burden of dementia is not a simple medical problem, but also a social problem.