Anemia is a common clinical problem characterized by an insufficient number of circulating red blood cells, resulting in hemoglobin levels below a specific cut-off. Anemia is not only clinically widespread, but also poses a significant challenge to public health. As a key carrier of oxygen transport, the decrease of hemoglobin level directly affects the body's oxygen supply capacity, which causes a series of physiological dysfunctions. The diagnosis and treatment of anemia is particularly important during pregnancy, during childhood growth, and in the management of chronic diseases.