2012年 · 第50卷第06期

The child was a male, 3 years and 2 months old. I saw a doctor in May 2011 because of "penis thickening for 2.4 years and pubic hair development for 5 months". The child's penis size was normal at birth. Eight months after birth, parents found that his penis was progressively enlarged and erected several times a day. Pubic hair appeared 5 months ago and height growth accelerated significantly. The father is 165 cm tall and the mother is 158 cm tall, and the parents are not intimate married. The father and other family members had no similar medical history.

Member of the 7th, 8th and 9th editorial committee of Chinese Journal of Pediatrics, one of the founders and founders of pediatric nephrology in China, founder of pediatric nephrology research center of Nanjing Medical University, professor of pediatrics and doctoral supervisor of Nanjing Medical University, Professor Jiang Xinyou, died in Nanjing on March 7, 2012 at the age of 87 due to illness.

Professor Wang Baolin, member of the 7th and 8th editorial boards of Chinese Journal of Pediatrics, member of Jiusan Society, professor of pediatrics and doctoral supervisor of Peking University First Hospital, died in Beijing on March 29, 2012 at the age of 93 due to illness.

polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a female endocrine disorder with menstrual disorders, hirsutism, obesity, hyperandrogenic status and hyperluteinizing hormone (LH) aemia, and polycystic ovarian changes revealed by B-ultrasound. Individual performance has diversity. Adolescent girls with menstrual disorders, acne, hirsutism and other symptoms need to pay attention to the possibility of this disease. Therefore, it is very important to understand the essence of PCOS for the correct diagnosis and treatment.

XIAP deficiency (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis deficiency) is a rare X-linked primary immunodeficiency disease. The disease was first developed in 2006 by Rigaud et al.^[1]Clinical features of X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP), but noSAPGene mutations were found in a group of patients. Therefore, the disease is also called XLP-2. The clinical manifestations of XIAP deficiency syndrome are diverse, and there is still no clear clinical diagnosis basis, mainly based on the pathogenic geneBIRC4Diagnosis was performed by mutation analysis and screening of the XIAP protein encoded by it.

With the prevalence of obesity among children worldwide, the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents is gradually increasing^[1,2,3]。 MetS is a group of clinical syndromes closely related to lifestyle and characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia^[4]。 To formulate the definition and prevention and treatment suggestions of MetS in children and adolescents suitable for Chinese population characteristics, aiming at improving pediatricians' understanding of MetS, strengthening the concept of comprehensive prevention and treatment, and controlling and delaying the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

functional dyspepsia (FD) is a group of common clinical syndromes with recurrent postprandial satiety, early satiety, anorexia, belching, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, epigastric burning sensation or acid reflux as the main manifestations, and organic, systemic or metabolic diseases are excluded by various examinations^[1]。 In the past, it was also clinically called non-ulcerative dyspepsia, idiopathic dyspepsia or primary dyspepsia. The Rome III criterion is more definite and detailed in the diagnosis of FD: it refers to recurrent upper abdominal pain, burning sensation, postprandial fullness or early fullness for more than half a year after excluding organic diseases, and symptoms in the past 2 months^[2]。

Correct classification of pediatric cardiomyopathy plays an important role in diagnosis, treatment and understanding of the disease. Because cardiomyopathy is a heterogeneous disease, it is easy to classify one thing and miss the other, which cannot meet the needs of clinical and research work at the same time. Since 1995, there has been the World Health Organization (WHO) /International Cardiology Association (ISFC)^[1]American Heart Association (AHA)^[2]European Cardiology Association (ESC)^[3]The classification schemes developed by three academic groups and two individuals vary greatly. There is no classification scheme for cardiomyopathy in internal medicine and pediatric cardiovascular specialties in China. Therefore, the author puts forward a classification scheme which is mainly based on the needs of clinical work and conforms to the national conditions and the characteristics of children in China. After soliciting the opinions of some relevant experts and clinicians engaged in pediatric cardiovascular specialty, the author explains the more controversial issues. The classification of pediatric cardiomyopathy is now suggested as follows.

In recent years, the pathogenic microorganisms, drug resistance and clinical characteristics of infectious endocarditis (IE) are different from those in the past, and the clinical diagnosis and treatment are facing new challenges. At present, the mortality and disability rate of IE are still high. In 2010, the Cardiovascular Group of Pediatrics Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Pediatrics formulated and published "Recommendations on Diagnostic Criteria of Childhood Infectious Endocarditis"^[1], but no treatment has been recommended. Domestic multi-center research data show that there are many kinds of antibiotics and different methods in the treatment of IE in children^[2]Corresponding specifications or recommendations are urgently needed. Since the treatment principles of IE in children are basically the same as those in adults, this article reviews the 2005 American Heart Association (AHA) and 2009 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of IE^[3,4]The treatment part is interpreted. The above guidelines are accompanied by the dosage of children's drugs, and the relevant content can be used as a reference for children's IE treatment.

metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of clinical syndromes caused by obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Its onset is closely related to lifestyle, and it is the common pathological basis and early stage of many major non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The formulation of the definition of MetS involves many disciplines and indicators. There are great controversies at home and abroad about the selection of MetS components, the establishment of abnormal thresholds of component indicators, and whether the definition focuses on scientific research or clinical practice. Therefore, on the basis of widely soliciting the opinions of multidisciplinary experts, relevant experts from the Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism Group, Cardiovascular Group and Child Health Group of the Pediatrics Branch of Chinese Medical Association held a symposium in Hangzhou on January 8, 2012, to discuss the definition and prevention and treatment recommendations of MetS in children and adolescents in China^[1]Reach a basic consensus.