2012年 · 第50卷第02期

Asthma is a common respiratory disease in children. Although the treatment and prevention of asthma have improved significantly in the past 20 years, the morbidity and mortality of asthma are still on the rise in countries around the world, especially among children^[1]。 To date, about 300 million asthma patients worldwide^[2]There are nearly 25 million asthma patients in China, including about 10 million children^[3]The prevalence of childhood asthma in China is consistent with that of other countries in the world. The incidence rate is in the middle level in the world, and the mortality rate is in the high level. The crude mortality rate of asthma among Chinese residents surveyed from 2004 to 2005 was 2.45/100,000, and the standardized mortality rate was 2.14/100,000^[4]Therefore, medical and health institutions should pay more attention to and invest in the research on the treatment and control of childhood asthma.

congenital heart disease (CHD) ranks first among birth defects, with an incidence of 6‰ ~8‰^[1]According to this calculation, there are about 150,000 to 200,000 new children with CHD in China every year, of which more than half of congenital heart defects can be treated by transcatheter intervention, but 30% to 40% of CHD (including complex deformities and some simple and compound deformities) still need to be treated by surgical thoracotomy. With the continuous progress of CHD interventional therapy, open heart surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass technology, the number of long-term survival of children with CHD has increased significantly, and scholars have gradually realized that these children may suffer brain injury caused by many factors, especially in children with complex CHD^[2]。 Early recognition, evaluation and prevention of CHD-related brain injury are closely related to improving children's quality of life.

In December 2007, the Respiratory Group of Pediatrics Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Pediatrics jointly formulated the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children (for trial implementation)^[1](hereinafter referred to as the Guide). Subsequently, the editorial department of Chinese Journal of Pediatrics continuously launched the interpretation articles of the "Guide"^[2,3,4,5,6]From an overview of the diagnosis and treatment process of chronic cough to the diagnostic value of auxiliary examination in chronic cough, the common causes of chronic cough-cough variant asthma (CVA), upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), respiratory tract infection and post-infectious cough (PIC), gastroesophageal reflux cough (GERC), to rare causes-non-asthma eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB), psychogenic cough (PC), etc. are analyzed, which also incorporates the valuable experience of writing experts, and promotes pediatric clinicians' understanding of chronic cough. Frankly speaking, at that time, we recognized the importance, complexity, and confusion of chronic cough in children, and developed the guidelines for clinical needs, mainly with reference to the evidence-based guidelines of the American Association of Chest Physicians (ACCP)^[7]Domestic adult guidelines^[8]And domestic pediatric retrospective analysis and summary data, but we lack clinical epidemiological data of chronic cough from Chinese children, and we can only move forward in exploration.

From September 24 to 27, 2011, the 16th National Academic Conference on Children's Cardiovascular Diseases was held in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. 330 pediatric experts, scholars, medical staff and graduate students from all over the country attended the event. The conference received a total of 335 academic papers, of which 56 were read by the conference. During the meeting, on the basis of the plenary meeting, two seminars on congenital heart disease (CAD), myocarditis and cardiomyopathy were also held, and 12 experts were invited to give wonderful lectures. Everyone had extensive exchanges around the new progress and achievements in clinical and scientific research of pediatric cardiovascular diseases.

In April 2009, the International Histiocyte Association issued the Guidelines for the Assessment and Treatment of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (hereinafter referred to as the "Guidelines")^[1], new recommendations for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment norms of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) are presented below.