Hepatocellular carcinoma (hereinafter referred to as liver cancer) is the sixth most common cancer in the world, with about 740,000 new cases every year, half of which are in China. In my country, the fatality rate related to liver cancer is second only to lung cancer, ranking third[1,2]。 Clinically, liver cancer mostly invades the portal vein to form portal vein tumor thrombosis, and it can also invade the outflow tract to form hepatic vein tumor thrombosis (HVTT), inferior vena cava tumor thrombosis (IVCTT) and even right atrial tumor thrombosis. The incidence rate is 1.4% ~4.9%[3,4,5,6]。 The prognosis of patients with liver cancer combined with HVTT/IVCTT is extremely poor, and most of them develop liver failure or tumor thrombus shedding in a short time, resulting in pulmonary embolism and cardiac tamponade. If not treated, the median survival time of patients is only 3 months[7,8]。