2020年 · 第100卷第07期

venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), which are manifestations of the same disease at different stages of onset and different tissues and organs^[1]。 DVT refers to a clinical syndrome in which blood in deep veins coagulates, forms thrombi, and causes blood return disorders in corresponding blood vessels. When the thrombus falls off, the embolus can follow the blood flow into the pulmonary artery, causing PTE. According to statistics^[2]About 90% of the embolus in PTE originates from the deep venous system of the lower extremities, while few thrombus originate from other sites. Therefore, by effectively preventing lower limb DVT, PTE can be effectively prevented.

Breast cancer is one of the malignant tumors that seriously threaten women's health, and the World Health Organization (WHO) classifies it as a chronic disease^[1,2]。 Breast cancer treatment is an individualized and comprehensive treatment^[3]Because of its complex treatment methods and long course of disease, patients will face various difficulties in the process of illness and recovery. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an individualized whole-process management model of breast cancer patients suitable for China's national conditions, and the case management model (CMM) can just meet this demand. At present, case management is widely used in various fields, among which it is mainly suitable for some clinical cases with long disease course, complicated treatment and high medical cost in the clinical field, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peritoneal dialysis, diabetes, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (coronary heart disease), mental illness, senile dementia, tumor, etc. Many studies have shown that case management has achieved good results in clinical application^{[4,5,6,7,8,9]}。 Among them, some studies have shown that the case management model has also achieved certain effects in breast cancer patients, including improving patients' treatment compliance, reducing symptomatic distress, and improving quality of life^[10,11,12]。 However, the breast cancer case management model started late in China, and it is still in the primary development stage in China. There is a lack of systematization in the construction of case management model; Lack of standardization in case management workflow; Lack of standardization in the training of case managers; Imperfect evaluation indicators and other problems^[13]。 Therefore, in March 2019, China Medical Education Association established the first breast cancer case manager branch in China, organizing medical and nursing experts from Beijing, Changchun, Guangzhou, Changsha and other regions with experience in case management and care, and compiled the expert consensus on breast cancer case management model in China by reviewing literature, referring to the consensus of previous experts on diagnosis and treatment of related diseases, and combining their own practical experience, hoping to provide research evidence and experience for the further advancement of the work of breast cancer case managers in China.