Volume 48 · Issue 09 · 2012

The subgroups of esotropia exist.The full optical correction of the hypermetropic refractive error is theoretically conclusive.The full correction further defined the diagnosis of three forms of esotropia. The earlier viewpoint that the full optical correction of the hypermetropia will decrease the accommodative normal demand or the accommodation is inactive and an exotropia will increase.After full correction of the hypermetropia the patients often complain about blurring of vision.Moreover,some doctors still have a confused ideas about full correction of the hyperopia.The final outcome that of most of patiens with under-corrected hypermetropia,three commonly forms of esotropia ( Accommodative esotropia,partially accommodative esotropia and nonaccommodative esotropia) will not be clearly differentiated as each requires different clinical management.

For a long time,atropine eye ointment has been widely used as the cycloplegic for children's optometry in China,while internationally,cyclopentolate gutta is widely used as the first choice for cycloplegic.In recent years,1％ cyclopentolate hydrochloride ocular humor has been introduced to our country.This effective and powerful cycloplegic has already been paid close attention to by domestic pedoophthalmiaters.According to a serious of studies both home and abroad on the therapeutic effects of the own control drugs,the cycloplegia effect of cyclopentolate is close to the atropine. Cyclopentolate can be widely used for the cycloplegia before optometry for the Chinese children.However,the effect of cyclopentolate is still not as good as atropine. So,for the children with farsightedness within 7 years old,all esotropia children,Am children,and children who suffer from decreased vision acuteness and needs to be excluded from accommodative myopia, atropine eye ointment should be routinely used for cycloplegia before optometry.In this article,we also discuss the medication dosage,medication method,possible drug adverse reactions of cyclopentolate humor ocular and the coping measures at the same time.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Recession of both horizontal rectus muscles in Duane Retraction Syndrome with significant globe retraction.Methods Sixteen cases with DRS were summarized retrospectively.All patients bad undergone surgery with recession of both horizontal rectus muscles.All clinical records,including sex,age,types of DRS,clinical features,surgical methods and clinical outcomes were analyzed.All patients were followed up for 3 months to 1 year.Results Fifteen cases had only monocular involvement while one had both eyes.The number of type Ⅰ DRS was 3 cases,1 case was esotropia while others were orthotropia in primary position.Type Ⅲ DRS was observed 13 cases.Esotropia was seen in 6 cases (7 eyes),exotropia of 1 cases and orthotropia in primary position of 6 cases.10 cases exhibited marked face turn.An upshoot or downshoot and variable severity of retraction of globe were found in all patients on attempt adduction of the affected eye.All patients had undergone surgery with recession of both horizontal rectus muscles.The medical rectus muscles were recessed from 5 mm to 7 mm and lateral rectus muscles 3 mm to 9 mm simultaneously,which was based on the amount of primary position deviation.Among these 2 cases were combined with Y-splitting of lateral rectus muscle.After surgery,all patients were orthotropia in primary position. Their symptom of unacceptable abnormal head position,significant globe retraction,noticeable narrowing of the palpebral fissure and significant upshoot or downshoot were ameliorated or disappeared.Especially the recession of lateral rectus muscle in addition to Y-splitting combining with the simultaneous medial rectus recession resulted in further amelioration of globe retraction in addition to upshoot and downshoot.Conclusion Recession of both horizontal rectus muscles is effective in the treatment of significant globe retraction in Duane syndrome. Type Ⅲ DRS with significant globe retraction but has no marked deviation and face turn can adopt this method to ameliorate their aspect.The method of lateral rectus muscle in addition to Y-splitting plays an important role in the treatment of upshoot and downshoot.

Objective To evaluate the morphology,distribution and function of palisade endings (PE) in human extraocular muscles (EOM),and observe the alterations in eyes with congenital nystagmus (CN).The etiology and pathogenesis of CN were also investigated.Methods It was a experimental study.The distal myotendinous junctions of the EOM were obtained during operation for CN ( CN group) and concomitant strabismus ( control group). The samples from patients with similar age and same extraction sites in the two groups were compared.The muscles cut during operation were immediately put into 4％ glutaraldehyde fixative solution.And 1 - 2 transverse bands of tissue were cut every 1 mm from tendon insertion for specimens processing.The ultrastructure of EOM and PE in the two groups was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The distal parts of EOM cut during operation were put into 4％ paraformaldehyde promptly.Myotendinous junction region whole mounts were labeled with antibodies against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT).Muscle fibers were counterstained with phalloidin.And longitudinal and transverse cryostat serial sections were cut at 25 μm and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.The ChAT expression,morphology and distribution of PE were observed.The same fragment of myotendinous junction in the two groups was selected.After the total protein was extracted,ChAT was detected by western blot.The expression level of ChAT was analyzed.Results Compared with the controls,the ultrastructure in the CN group had considerable variations.The axon of PE was swelled and deformed partly.The electron density was increased and presented as addicted to osmic acid. In the muscle cells,mitochondria was swelled,and sarcoplasmic reticulum was dilated.All PE exhibited ChAT immunoreactivity in human EOM.In the longitudinal section,nerve fibers extended from the muscle into the tendon,looped back and divided into several terminal arborizations (palisade endings) around the muscle fiber tip.The PE of medial rectus were richest at the location 3 - 4 mm from tendon insertion.In the cross section,the amount of PE in the CN group was higher than the control group ( t =- 5.613,P ＜ 0.05).The expression level of ChAT in the CN group was higher than the control group ( t =- 3.730,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Palisade endings in myotendinous junction of human EOM are cholinergic nerves,which might innervate the contraction of EOM.Significant changes of palisade endings in the EOM of the CN subjects may affect eve movement.

Objective To evaluate the application of relative reference point photographic analysis method and goniometer method for head posture measurement,and compare the characteristics of the two methods.Methods Thirty patients from March 2011 to April 2011 and August to September with AHP in our hospital were recruited. The AHP were measured by photographic analysis and goniometer method respectively.The data were analyzed by SPSS software.Results The mean AHP was 15.62° ± 7.48° by photographic analysis measurement,15.50° ± 6.99° by goniometer measurement.The Pearson's correlation coefficient ( r =0.955,P ＜ 0.001,t =0.286,P =0.777 ). Conclusions Relative reference point photographic analysis is a simple and effective way to measure AHP. The results measured by the two methods are highly consistent.

Objective To study the changes of fibronectin in the resected medial rectus muscles in patients with concomitant exotropia and to have a better understanding about the pathomorphological changes of extraocular muscles in the genesis and development of concomitant exotropia. Methods Thirty-five concomitant exotropic patients were chosen as exotropic group and 20 normals were selected as control group.In the exotropic group,the age range 2 to 46 years old (mean,20.9 ys),deviation range -45△ to -90△ (mean,-67.5△),19 males,16 females,and 8 cases have the family history.Exotropic patients were divided into intermittent exotropic group 16 cases and constant exotropic group 19 cases.In the control group,the age range 15 -28 years old(mean,18.8 years),12 males and 8 females.All the resected tissues of the medial rectus muscles were obtained from patients with concomitant exotropia during resection surgery and cornea donators.Fibronectin was measured its mean average optical by Sp method of immunohistochemistry using image analyzer.The amounts of fibronectin in the resected muscle of patients were compared with normals,as well as correlated clinical data of patients such as different types of exotropia,age,degree of deviation,gender and positive family history.Results The amounts of fibronectin in the resected medial rectus muscle of patients with constant exotropia (0.4729 ± 0.0872 ) were significantly lower than those of normals (0.5914 ± 0.0547 ) and intermittent exotropic group ( 0.5821 ± 0.0792 ) respectively ( q =7.0314,6.1177,P ＜ 0.01 ),while patients with intermittent exotropia did not show significantly lower amounts of fibronectin than those with normals ( q =0.5271,P ＞ 0.05 ). Neither gender nor positive family was correlated with the amounts of fibronectin( t =1.1317,1.6327,P ＞ 0.05 ) and the amounts of fibronectin had no correlation with age and degree of deviation.Conclusion The amounts of fibronectin were correlated with the course of development of concomitant exotropia. Some of these changes may play a role in the pathogenesis of exotropia from intermittence to constancy,which indicates a further clue to the nature of this disease.

Objective To observe the characters of EPSC-IPSC induced by paired-pulse stimulation of rat visual cortex layer Ⅱ / Ⅲ pyramidal neurons during critical period of visual development,and discuss their relationships,to discuss the role of short-term synaptic plasticity in the critical period of visual development of rats.Methods Thirty Wistar rats were used,they were divided into P10-P12,P14-P16,P21-P23,P28-P30,P35-P37 five groups,n =6.Whole-cell voltage clamp recording was performed,the membrane potential was clamped on -50 mV,0 mV respectively to separate EPSC and IPSC.We set the PPR as the observation indicator,analyzed the developmental features of EPSC and IPSC induced by pairedpulse stimulation of different groups.Results The PPR of layer Ⅱ/Ⅲ pyramidal neurons in group P10-P12,P14-P16,P21-P23,P28-P30,P35-P37 was 0.43 ±0.08,0.07 ±0.08,0.10 ±0.10,0.20 ±0.07,0.22 ± 0.12 respectively.The PPR of group P14-P16 decreased,the difference was statistically significant compared with the group before eyes open (t =- 3.13,P =0.04 ).The PPR of corresponding groups was 0.6036 ± 0.3021,0.2830 ± 0.0504,0.0287 ± 0.0907,- 0.0449 ± 0.1443, - 0.3089 ± 0.05553 respectively(F =5.0799,P =0.0037),the PPR of IPSC gradually reduced with age,and turned negative from the P28-P30 group,changed from PPF to PPD.Conclusions The PPR of EPSC response to visual stimuli rapidly,but did not change significantly in the critical period of visual development (P19 -P32).The short-term depression of IPSC increased gradually from the eyes open to the end of the critical period of visual development,which may play a more important role in the process of layer Ⅱ / Ⅲ pyramidal neurons maturation and the critical period of visual development ending.

Objective To assess the safety,efficacy,predictability and stability of the phakic foldable angle-supported intraocular lens (IOL) ( CACHET IOL,Alcon Inc.,USA.) for correction of highto-extremely high myopia in adults. Methods In this prospective study,29 eyes of 15 patients were implanted with CACHET phakic angle-supported IOL and followed for 1 year postoperatively.Preoperative manifest refractive sphere was - 12.08 ± 2.44 diopters ( D). Visual acuity ( uncorrected visual acuity,UCVA; best spectacle-corrected visual acuity,BSCVA),predictability and stability of manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE),adverse events,and endothelial cell density were analyzed primarily during 1-year of follow-up.Results After 1 year of follow-up,a BSCVA of 0.6 or better was achieved by 100％ of eyes; 9.7％ (26/29) had a BSCVA of 1.0 or better; no eyes lost≥1 line BSCVA,62.1％ (18/29) had no change in lines of BSCVA,31.0％ (9/29) gained 1 line of BSCVA,3.4％ (1/29) gained 2 line of BSCVA,and 3.4％ (1/29) gained more than 2 line of BSCVA; the safety index was 1.13 ( 1.08/0.96) ; UCVA of 1.0 or better was achieved by 58.6％ ( 17/29),100％ had an UCVA of 0.5 or better,86.2％ (25/29) of eyes achieved a UCVA of 0.8 or better,and 93.1％ (27/29) of eyes achieved a UCVA of 0.6 or better; the efficacy index was 1.03 (0.99/0.96).The overall mean percentage change in endothelial cell density 1 year after surgery was -0.23％ ±4.80％.Five eyes ( 17.2％ ) had increased intraocular pressure (IOP) on the day of surgery. No pupil ovalization,pupillary block,or retinal detachment events were observed.Glare(6.9％,2/29) and halo( 13.8％,4/29) mainly appeared in the first month after surgery,and had no influence on driving in night.Conclusions After 1 year of follow-up,the implantation of phakic foldable angle-supported IOL was proved to be safe,effective and predictable with minimal complications in patients with high myopia. Due to the limitation of visiting time,long-term of clinical investigation is necessary to verify the safety and efficacy of this IOL.

Objectives To explore ophthalmic resources and existing problems in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,and to provide reasonable developing configuration for the future.Methods It was a population-based cross-section study.By using questionnaire to collect data from all eye units (national and private) which were registered in Xinjiang area. Investigation included:(1) ophthalmic medical unit of name,structure type,departments constitute; (2) the ophthalmic medical work; (3) the number of ophthalmology health technicians and distribution ; (4) ophthalmic devices usage ; ( 5 ) carry out the problems and difficulties encountered in ophthalmic work.Descriptive statistic method was used to analyze the struture of ophthalmic material,the availability of resource,the medical institution of different regions and types.Results One hundred and thirty questionnaire were filled out and 110 questionnaire were recovery.There were 107 eye units,1709 beds for ophthalmic,1672 employees,including 525 doctors,the ratio of doctors and nurses was 1.0∶ 1.3.And the ophthalmic resources mainly distributed in northern Tianshan,very few in the eastern area in Xinjiang;ophthalmic units were denser in general hospitals which were above the county level.There were 43580 ophthalmic surgeries in all,the main eye operation carried out was cataract surgery,including 20303 ( counted 46.59％ ) cataract operation.Conclusions The ophthalmic units distribution is unbalanced,which is short of ophthalmologists. It provides base for government to arrange ophthalmic resources reasonably,to enhance the research motivation and to cultivate more professors,and to increase the number of ophthalmic specialists in the general hospitals,and eventually to maximize the benefit of ophthalmic service in Xinjiang.

Objective To detect the pathogenic mutation in a Chinese family with Norrie disease.Methods Clinical diagnosis was based on familial history,clinical sign and B ultrasonic examination.Peripheral blood samples were obtained from all available members in a Chinese family with Norrie disease.Genomic DNA was extracted from lymphocytes by the standard SDS-proteinase K-phenol/chloroform method.Two coding exons and all intron-exon boundaries of the NDP gene were PCR amplified using three pairs of primers and subjected to automatic DNA sequence.The causative mutation was confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis and genotyping analysis in all members.Results Sequence analysis of NDP gene revealed a missense mutation c.220C ＞ T (p.Arg74Cys ) in the proband and his mother. Further mutation identification by restriction enzyme analysis and genotyping analysis showed that the proband was homozygote of this mutation.His mother and other four unaffected members ( Ⅲ3,Ⅳ4,Ⅲ5 and Ⅱ2) were carriers of this mutation.The mutant amino acid located in the C-terminal cystine knot-like domain,which was critical motif for the structure and function of NDP. Conclusion A NDP missense mutation was identified in a Chinese family with Norrie disease.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) on quantifying choroidal thickness (CT) in normal subjects.Methods This was a cross-sectional study.From June to November 2011,129 eyes of 129 normal subjects were enrolled in this study and divided into three groups by age distribution.Group A,43 eyes,22 to 40 years old; group B,42 eyes,41 to 60 years old and group C,44 eyes,61 to 79 years old.They were examined with EDI-OCT for CT.The choroid was measured from the posterior edge of the retinal pigment epithelium to the choroidscleral junction at 500 μm intervals of a horizontal section from 3 mm temporal to the fovea to 3 mm nasal to the fovea.The paired t test was used to analyze differences in CT by location in the macula. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to compare mean CT in different groups.Subsequently the data between two groups were analyzed by least significant difference (LSD-t).The reliability was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).Results The choroid was thickest beneath the fovea (305.9 ± 78.2) μm.The mean CT decreased rapidly in the nasal direction and gradually in the temporal direction,reaching( 159.0 ±67.3 ) μm at 3 mm nasal to the fovea and (256.8 ± 73.6) μm at 3 mm temporal to the fovea.There was a significant difference between subfoveal CT and CT at all extrafoveal locations (t =4.021 to 34.544,P ＜ 0.05 ).There was also a significant difference of CT at all locations among three age groups ( F =34.122 to 72.239,P ＜ 0.05 ).CT was significantly greater in group A than group B and C at all locations (P =0.000,0.000).It was also significantly greater in group B than group C (P =0.000).The inter-examination ICC values ranged from 0.979 to 0.996.The intraobserver ICC values ranged from 0.981 to 0.997.The interobserver ICC values ranged from 0.971 to 0.995.Conclusions Normal CT can be measured accurately by EDI-OCT.There are significant differences of CT between different age groups in normal subjects.

Objective To study possible protective effects of extract of Lycium barbarum L.on the cultured human retinal nerve cells. Methods Retinal nerve cells were co-cultured with the extract of Lycium barbarum L.and 24 hours and 72 hours later,retinal nerve cells were respectively used to evaluate cell proliferation with MTT assays; to observe ultracellular structural alternation with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and to evaluate mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMP) of cells with confocal microscopy.The peaks of MMP between experiment group and control group were compared using one-way analysis of variance.Results Co-cultured retinal nerve cells with the extract were shown survival well under the TEM including photoreceptor segments remaining well,abundant mitochondria in inner segments and well-distributed chromatin in photoreceptor nucleus ( F =124.110,P ＜ 0.05 ).The addition of the extract promoted survival of adult retinal neurons significantly in concentration-dependent manner with the strongest effect in 20 g,/L.Cell survival rate(24 h and 72 h) ;(223.23 ± 12.13 )％ and (252.35 ± 13.24)％.The peak of MMP increased 848％ after the first adding of the extract (P =0.000) and 1152％ after the second adding of the extract (P =0.000). It showed that the extract could enhance the MMP significantly with undulatory property.Conclusions The extract of Lycium barbarum L.showed protective effects on cultured cells and could be used in treatment of some retinal diseases in future.

The patient was a 57-year-old male. He came to Tianjin Eye Hospital on April 6, 2011 because he felt that his left eye had blurred vision for more than 2 months. The patient did not have eyeball rotation pain, headache, nausea and vomiting, and had no sensory, motor and consciousness disorders. He had a history of diabetes for 2 years, denied smoking history, and had a macular hole caused by blunt contusion in his right eye more than 20 years ago. The results of CT examination of the brain in other hospital showed no abnormalities, and the visual field examination showed a dark spot in the center of the left eye, which was connected to the physiological blind spot (Figure 1). fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) examination showed that the filling time of retinal blood vessels in the optic disc was roughly normal, and the retinas of both eyes showed punctate hyperfluorescence (microangioma), and the fovea of the macular area of the right eye showed circular transparent fluorescence. Considering diabetic retinopathy (simple type) in both eyes, the macular hole in the right eye was considered. The patient was diagnosed as "left retroglobular optic neuritis?" in the outpatient department of our hospital, and the condition was not relieved after oral nerve nutrition to improve microcirculation drugs. In April 2011, intravenous infusion treatment continued.

A 16-year-old male was admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University on February 1, 2006 due to loss of vision and exophthalmos in his right eye for 1 month after head trauma. The patient hit his head on a tree trunk while riding a motorcycle, and lost vision in his right eye at that time. Orbital CT scan in the local hospital revealed right orbital hematoma, and was diagnosed as "right orbital apex syndrome; right orbital hematoma". Two weeks later, exophthalmos was aggravated, and hallucinations of smell and auditory hallucinations appeared. Orbital CT and cranial MRI examination showed intraorbital cyst and temporal lobe edema.

Phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the most common surgical procedure for cataract treatment at present. With the extensive clinical application of IOL, there are more and more reports of IOL removal or replacement due to postoperative complications [1]. According to the 2007 annual research report of the American and European Cataract and Refractive Society, the most common reasons for IOL removal and replacement include IOL tilt and eccentricity, improper IOL degree and IOL opacity [1]. Other retrospective studies also found that IOL tilt and eccentricity are the main reasons for IOL removal and replacement [2-3]. In the second half of 2010, we treated a cataract patient with severe astigmatism due to IOL tilt and eccentricity after implantation of Tetraflex adjustable IOL (Lenstec KH3500). The report is presented below.

The patient was a 57-year-old male who went to the Department of Ophthalmology of Yuhuangding Hospital in Yantai on April 7, 2009 because he had no clear cause to see for 1 day in his left eye. The patient had a history of mild myopia in both eyes, and his left and right eyes underwent phacoemulsification and cataract aspiration combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in a hospital in Beijing in 1997 and 1998. The operation was smooth, and the naked eye visual acuity was 1.0 after operation.

A 16-year-old female patient went to the Department of Ophthalmology of the Second People's Hospital of Anqing City, Anhui Province on March 28, 2011 because the visual acuity of her right eye decreased significantly for 20 days. When the patient wore glasses 3 years ago, it was found that the corrected visual acuity of her right eye was worse than that of her left eye, but there was no abnormality, and there was no special family history. The physical examination was normal. Ocular examination: the visual acuity of the right eye was 0.05 (Dai-3.75 DS =0.12), and the left eye was 0.15 (Dai-3.50 DS =0.8). The intraocular pressure measured by non-contact tonometer was 14 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) in the right eye and 14 mm Hg in the left eye. Slit lamp microscopy: the anterior segment of both eyes was normal. Funduscopy: the boundary of the optic head of the right fundus was unclear, and huge dilated and twisted intestinal vessels covered the optic head and its surroundings, and anastomosed in multiple places on the temporal side and inferior temporal side of the optic head, and arteries and veins could not be distinguished. Large flame-like hemorrhage was seen above the optic head and the temporal retina (Figure 1); No obvious abnormalities were observed in the left fundus.

The patient was a 41-year-old female who went to Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Department of Ophthalmology affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine in August 2007 because of blurred vision on the temporal side of her left eye with flash sensation for several months. The patient denied the history of systemic and ocular diseases and family genetic diseases. No abnormalities were found on physical examination. Ocular examination showed that the visual acuity of both eyes was 0.8, and the best corrected visual acuity was 1.0. The intraocular pressure of both eyes was normal. No abnormalities were found in the anterior segment of both eyes. The border of the fundus papilla of both eyes was clear, the color was rosy, the retinal artery was thin, the reflection of the retinal artery was enhanced, the retinal reflection of the posterior pole was enhanced, and the reflection of the fovea was visible. fluorescence fundus angiography (FFA) showed: early capillary dilatation of the surface of the optic head, fluorescein leakage with the progression of the angiography, late diffuse retinal capillary leakage and hyperfluorescence of the optic head.

The patient was a 61-year-old male who came to Changchun Aier Eye Hospital on February 18, 2012 due to the decrease of visual acuity in his right eye for 3 months. The eye examination showed that the visual acuity was 0.1 in the right eye and 0.8 in the left eye, and the intraocular pressure was 10 mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) in the right eye and 17 mm Hg in the left eye. The cornea of the right eye is transparent, the aqueous humor is clear, the pupil is round, there is light response, and the lens is transparent; The border of the fundus papilla is clear and the color is good. Four adjacent circular and longitudinal strip-shaped hiatus can be seen in the temporal equatorial retina, and the retina around the hiatus is detached, thickened and organized (Quintessential Picture 1); The left eye was normal. Clinical diagnosis: Multiple hiatus retinal detachment in the right eye.

Skew deviation is a vertical strabismus caused by supranuclear lesions. It is often associated with ocular torsion and head tilt,which together constitute the ocular tilt reaction.Skew deviation can result from any injury within the posterior fossa,and is often the initial manifestation of diseases that affect the brainstem,cerebellum,or peripheral vestibular system. Clinical subtypes include comitant,incomitant,paroxysmal (intermittent),periodic or slowly alternating,lateral alternating and transient neonatal skew deviation.It should be differentiated from superior oblique muscle palsy,inferior oblique muscle palsy and primary oblique muscle overaction.Most skew deviations are transient and spontaneous recovery.Prisms,botulinum toxin,and vertical rectus muscle recession have all been used for vertical diplopia secondary to persistent skew deviation.

The isolation and identification of cancer stem cells are the key points in exploring characteristics of cancer stem cells at present.Several species of cancer stem cells,for instance,retinoblastoma tumor stem cells,cancer stem cells of melanoma of choroid,breast cancer stem cells,lung cancer stem cells,colon cancer stem cells,etc.,have been isolated and cultured successfully by serum free medium while their biological functions and characteristics are acquired.This review focus on the application of serum free medium in the research of isolating cancer stem cells,both ocular and general,in terms of providing foundation for further research on ocular cancer stem cells.

The first Neuroophthalmology Academic Conference and the second National Neuroophthalmology Backbone Training Course sponsored by the Neuroophthalmology Group (in preparation) of the Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association were successfully held in Beijing from June 7 to 11, 2012. This was the first academic conference held by the Neuroophthalmology Group since its establishment in March 2011. More than 300 delegates participated in the conference, including neuroophthalmologists from more than 20 provinces and cities across the country (including Taiwan Province), as well as from Britain, Australia, Japan and other countries. The conference received more than 200 academic papers, and the academic committee of the conference carefully selected 17 special lectures, and 22 conference speeches and case discussions, which fully reflected the current level of neuroophthalmology in China.

The Ophthalmology Center of Tianjin Medical University will hold the 2012 International Symposium on High Myopia and the New Technology Study Class in the Anteocular Festival from December 8 to 9, 2012 (Saturday and Sunday). At that time, well-known refractive surgery experts, cataract and glaucoma experts at home and abroad will be invited to give special lectures and surgical comments on high myopia, high myopia, cataract and glaucoma related contents and the latest development trends.

Ophthalmology Center of Tianjin Medical University and Qinhuangdao Maternal and Child Health Hospital jointly held an eye health training course for grass-roots children with eye diseases from October 12 to 13, 2012 (Friday afternoon to Saturday morning). This class aims to promote children's eye health knowledge, learn mature children's eye health technology at home and abroad and the latest progress in children's eye disease treatment; Through systematic basic training, it helps grass-roots maternal and child health care institutions to improve their theoretical level and clinical operation skills, so that the grass-roots eye health care work can be carried out more smoothly and standardizedly. Registration fees are waived for the conference, and participants receive 6 credits for state-level CME. Venue: Ophthalmology Center, Tianjin Medical University. The deadline for sending the receipt is 28 September 2012.

The 2012 Symposium on Ophthalmic Excimer Laser Corneal Refractive Surgery of Chinese Medical Doctors Association and the 9th National Symposium on Ophthalmic Excimer Laser Corneal Refractive Surgery will be held in Nanning, Guangxi Province from October 24th to 29th, 2012. The relevant matters of the meeting are hereby notified as follows.

According to the international practice and the actual situation in China, any papers that meet the following conditions, the Chinese Medical Association series journals allow and accept the relevant papers of the same research to be republished in different languages.

The description format of reference documents in this journal basically implements GBIT7714-2005 "Rules for Description of Reference Documents after Text". Sequential encoding is used to make a record, which is marked with Arabic numerals in the order in which it appears in the text, and the serial numbers are placed in square brackets and arranged at the end of the text. Try to avoid citing abstracts as references. Internal publications, unpublished materials, personal correspondence, etc. should not be cited as literature. Quoted documents (including the text and the original meaning expressed) are asked to be checked by the author with the original.

The Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology was founded on October 1, 1950. It was sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association and edited by the Editorial Committee of the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology. The editorial committee is composed of nearly 100 well-known ophthalmologists in China. The current editor-in-chief Zhao Kanxing and the editorial director Huang Yibin. The main readers of this journal are ophthalmologists across the country, and it is publicly distributed at home and abroad. China Standard Issue Number: ISSN0412-4081, CN11-2142/R; Postal Code: 2450; National map code: M93. Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology has always implemented the principles and policies of the Party and the state on health work, implemented the principle of combining theory with practice, popularization and improvement, reported the major progress and innovative achievements of clinical and scientific research in ophthalmology in China, and promoted academic exchanges in ophthalmology at home and abroad. This journal is arranged according to international standards, and printed with English copyright pages, contents, abstracts, etc. All the accepted manuscripts are published and distributed in three forms: periodical paper carrier, CD-ROM version and information network dissemination. We regularly exchange magazines with more than 30 countries and regions such as the United States, Britain and Japan.

Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology was founded in 1950. Over the past 60 years, it has recorded the development of ophthalmology in New China, and has become an important part of China's ophthalmology. Up to now, it has become a fine journal that represents the national level externally and guides the academic development internally.

Conjunctivalochalasis is a common age-related ocular surface disease in the elderly. With the accelerating aging of the population, the number of people with conjunctiva relaxation will increase day by day. Severe conjunctival relaxation requires surgical treatment. In order to standardize the surgical treatment plan and prevent iatrogenic ocular surface damage, Professor Zhang Xingru combined his more than 10-year research results on surgical treatment of this disease (including key technologies such as indications for surgical treatment, standardized surgical operation, prevention and treatment of surgical complications) with literature and materials to make a CD.

The Atlas of Fundus Diseases, edited by Professor Zhang Huirong of Peking University Third Hospital, and compiled by many fundus disease experts from Peking University Ophthalmology Center of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing Tongren Ophthalmology Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, and Peking Union Medical College Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, has been officially published by People's Medical Publishing House.

In order to promote international exchanges in the field of ophthalmology and enable domestic doctors to read excellent overseas monographs on ophthalmology, the editorial department of the Overseas Excellent Medical Monographs Introduction Project of China International Medical Exchange Foundation organized and published the book "Pathogenesis and Treatment of Ophthalmic Diseases" in August 2012.

In order to comply with the development trend of network and digitalization of journals and provide high-quality services for authors and readers, the Journal of Chinese Medical Association has developed a remote manuscript management system. The system is designed according to the business requirements of manuscript processing process, editing and processing specification, manuscript review system and management specification of Chinese Medical Association series magazines. It adopts advanced database and network technology, and has strong data processing and analysis ability.

1. Statistical symbols: According to the relevant provisions of GB3358.1982 ((Statistical Nouns and Symbols), all statistical symbols are printed in italics.

The title should strive to be concise and eye-catching, which can accurately reflect the theme of the article. Chinese titles are generally within 20 Chinese characters, preferably without subtitles, generally without punctuation, and try not to use abbreviations. The meaning of Chinese and English titles should be consistent.

If the topic involved in the thesis is a national or ministerial or provincial fund or key project, the name of the fund project should be indicated with "Fund Project:" as the logo at the beginning of the article, and the project number should be indicated in parentheses. The name of the fund project shall be filled in according to the official name stipulated by the relevant departments of the state, and a number of funds shall be listed in turn, separated by ";". All fund projects must be accompanied by copies of certificates.

With the development and improvement of clinical diagnosis technology, the role of all kinds of ophthalmology clinical pictures in disease diagnosis has been paid more and more attention. In order to encourage clinical accumulation of relevant data, promote experience exchange, improve clinical diagnosis and treatment technology, provide a new platform for academic exchange for readers, and at the same time enrich the content and form of this journal to better serve the majority of ophthalmologists, this journal continued to open the "Picture Essence" column in 2012.