Volume 47 · Issue 07 · 2011

Until now, in the territory of surgical methods, excimer laser refractive surgeries have being the main stream for correcting the ametropic eyes. The main cause of iatrogenic corneal ectasia and keratoconus, one of the most severe complications of corneal refractive surgeries, is the destruction of corneal biomechanics. Keeping corneal biomechanical integrality is the basis for long term effectiveness, stableness,and safety of the corneal refractive surgeries. The reasonable indication and surgical method decision,perioperative medical cares play very important roles in preventing those severe complications.

：With the development ofexcimer laser technologies, the corneal refractive surgical procedures are improvedconstantly and the indication of excimer laser keratectomy is expanded. In clinic,PRK orLASEK or PTK or LASIK were performed on the eyes of granular corneal dystrophy withrefractive error and the early results were satisfied, but the reoccurrence and serveropacity of cornea are worried. Is this corneal disease the indication of excimer laserkeratectomy? Nowadays, the exact indication for the disease should be declared in clinic.In this article, the customized treatment nomogram for three types of granular cornealdystrophy is explicated according to the clear classification and exact diagnosis on thisdisease, in order to apply the excimer laser keratectomy reasonably and correctly for thepatient approaching the safe、 effective and long term satisfactory result.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety and predictability of femtosecond lenticule extraction (FLEx) for myopia. Methods This is a prospective Clinical trial involved 10 cases (10 eyes). The patients aged from 18 years old to 53 years old, an average of (34 ± 11) years old.Femtosecond lenticule extraction ( FLEx) was used to treat myopia from - 4. 88 DS to - 9. 25 DS, an average of ( -6. 94 ± 1. 50) DS with cylinder from 0. 50 DC to 3. 0 μm DC an average of ( 1. 28 ± 0. 73 ) DC.Their corneal thickness were (527. 10 ±29. 05) μm in an average. The patients were followed up for 6 to 10months with visual acuity, manifest refraction, intraocular pressure, wavefront aberration, corneal topography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). SPSS software was used to analysis. Results FLEx procedure was done well in every patients without any scanning problem. No infection happened to in the trial. The patients' UCVA improved to 0. 6-1. 2 while BCVA improved 0. 7-1. 2 postoperatively. BCVA improved more than 2 lines in 2 eyes whereas 1 line in 2 eyes. No eye lost BCVA. The difference between pre- and postoperative refraction was within ± 0. 75 DS, an average of SE ( - 0. 25 ± 0. 33 ) DS. No epicenter showed in topography. Spherical aberration increased slightly in 8 eyes but decreased in 2 eyes.OCT showed that stroma bed fit to each other very well. Conclusion Femtosecond lenticule extraction appears to be efficiency, safety and predictable for myopia. Femtosecond lenticule extraction could have a good stroma fit. Its wavefront aberration changes need to further investigation.

：Objective To investigatethe changes and relevant factors of forward scatter after Epipolis laser in situkeratomileusis (Epi-LASIK)and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods It was aprospective clinical comparative study. 45 patients (45 eyes) were scheduled for Epi-LASIKand 42patients (42 eyes) for LASIK. Straylight examinations were performed using theC-Quant straylight meter before and 1,4, 10 months after surgery. The data was analyzedfor statistical significance by one-way ANOVA and the correlation was tested by Pearson' stest by using SPSS 13. 0 software. Results The straylight values were(0. 91 ±0. 17) , (1.03 ±0. 15) ,(1. 11 ±0. 13) , ( 1. 01 ±0. 16) of Epi-LASIK group and (0.96±0. 14) ,(1.05 ±0. 12) ,(1. 10 ±0. 12) ,(0. 98 ±0. 15) of LASIK group preoperatively and 1,4,10months postoperatively respectively,which there were significant increase postoperativelyin both groups (F = 12.29,8.11;P＜0.05). Compared withpreoperative values, the changes in straylight values at 1, 4and 10 months postoperativelywere (0. 12 ±0. 18) , (0. 19 ±0. 20) , (0. 08 ±0. 16) of Epi-LASIK group and (0.09 ±0. 13 ) , ( 0. 15 ± 0. 17 ) , ( -0. 01 ± 0. 17 ) of LASIK group. In Epi-LASIK group, thepreoperative refractive error, RBT/CCT, and ablation ratio have significant relevance withstraylight values at 4 months postoperatively ( r = - 0. 344, - 0. 361 , 0. 361; P ＜ 0. 05 ) , no such correlation was found in LASIK group (r = 0.186,0. 162,-0.206;P＞0. 05). For corneal haze which was found from 1 to4months after Epi-LASIK, grade2, 1, 0. 5 appeared in 1, 2, 4 eyes respectively and the changes of straylight values were0.52, (0.37, 0.42), (0.06, 0.09, 0.07, 0.17) at 4 months postoperatively. 10 monthspostoperatively, the increases of straylight values for the eye with grade 2 haze declinedfrom 0. 52 to 0. 11after the haze disappeared. Conclusion Straylight values increasesignificantly at early time after EpiLASIK and LASIK, but decrease partially as timegoing. Corneal wound healing response may be the reasons induced the increases of lightscatter after Epi-LASIK. For LASIK, flap interface factors may be the reasons.Corneal hazeespecially above mild grade, can affect the straylight obviously.

Objective To assess the preventive effects of early timolol eye drops application in patients after laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK). Methods Sixty patients (60 eyes) were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group. Timolol was administered topically twice per day to the treatment group from the second week through the end of the first month. We observed the changes of intraocular pressure (IOP) , spherical equivalent correction (SE) , stimulated curvature (Simk) , anterior chamber depth (ACD) and different value (Diff) both preoperatively and postoperatively, i. e. before and 1 week after LASIK, 1 month and 3 months after LASIK, respectively. All examinations were completed in person. Independent-samples T test, repeated-measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA were used for statistical comparisons. Significance level was set to a =0. 05. Results The manifest refraction of treatment group was ( -0.07 ±0.25)D, (0. 04 ±0.21) D and ( -0. 05 ±0. 12) D, respectively, while the control group was ( -0. 08 ±0. 22)D, ( -0. 15 ±0. 17)D and ( -0. 14 ±0. 18)D, respectively, at 1 week, 1 and 3 months postoperatively. The difference between the two groups was significant ( F = 5. 68, P < 0. 05 ) regardless of time. The IOP of treatment group was (12.63±2.56) mm Hg( 1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) , (9.70±1.88) mm Hg and (11.41 ±1. 22) mm Hg, respectively, at 1 week, 1 and 3 months postoperatively. The control group did not change significantly throughout follow-period. The changes of treatment group was significant in different periods ( F = 34. 62 ,P ＜0. 01). After surgery, the posterior comeal surface of the treatment group displayed mean forward shift of (35.73 ± 14. 55) μm and the control group did (45. 80 ± 19. 86) μm (t =2. 83, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The stimulated curvature ( Simk ) and anterior chamber depth ( ACD) was not significantly different between the two groups at any postoperative visit Conclusions Our prospective study demonstrates that timolol is effective to stabilize the refraction after LASIK. Reduction of IOP and corneal ectasia may play a significant role in preventing myopic regression.

Objective To compare the wavefront characteristics of normal and keratoconus eyes with and without rigid gas-permeable contact lens(RGPCL) ,and to evaluate the visual quality in keratoconus eyes corrected by RGPCL Methods Retrospective study. Higher order aberrations (HOAs) of 90 eyes in 56 keratoconus patients and 30 eyes of 17 subjects with refractive errors were quantified with a Bausch&Lomb Zywave Wavefront Analyzer. The keratoconus eyes were divided into mild (28 eyes) , moderate (33 eyes)and severe (29 eyes) groups. Zernike's polynomial was used to describe the wavefront measurements. Root mean square (RMS) values of the total HOAs, S3, S4, S5, total coma (T. Coma) and total spherical aberrations (T. Sph) were obtained in the same eye with and without contact lenses. We used paired sample t-test and independent-samples t-test to analyze the data. Results Mean RMS values for High(F=72. 12,P1 =0.00)、S3(F = 68.15,P = 0.00)、S4(F = 24.95,P=0.00)、T. Coma(F =44.67,P =0.00) 、T. Sph (F = 28. 90,P =0. 01) increased significantly from mild to sever keratoconus eyes RMS values of the total HOAs (t = 4. 83 ) , S3 (t = 4. 39 ) 、 total coma (t = 3. 71) of refractive error eyes decreased significantly after fitting with RGPCL(P＜0. 05). RMS values of the total HOAs(t = 8. 27) ,S3(t = 8. 14) ,S4(t =2. 29)、total coma( t = 4. 38 ) of mild keratoconus eyes decreased significantly after fitting with RGPCL( P ＜ 0. 05 )RMS values of the total HOAs(t =8. 03) ,S3(t=7. 22) ,s4(t=4. 38) ,S5(t=4. 53) 、total coma(t =5. 26)and total spherical (t =2. 77) of moderate keratoconus eyes decreased significantly after fitting with RGPCL ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Every high front-wave aberration of mild keratoconus eyes decreased to refractive error eyes'level after RGPCL fitting. Moderate (tHOAs = 0. 63, ts3 = 0. 31,t s4 = 1. 70, ts5 = 0. 95, tcoma = 0. 06,tspherical=1.99) and sever keratoconus eyes'higher order aberrations decreased significantly after RGPCL fitting (thoas=7. 50,ts3 =5. 25,1s4 =5.50,ts5 = 3.02,tcoma =5. 90,tspherical=4. 60) ,but they still degrade compared with refractive error eyes ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions RGPCL could reduce high aberrations and improve optical quality in keratoconus eyes. But the visual performance in moderate and severe keratoconus eyes with a RGPCLs is still poorer than that of normal eyes even if the corrected visual acuity is good.

Objective To definitute axial length measuring mode of the phakic eyes after posterior chamber implantation of lens. Methods All patients came from the Ophthalmology Hospital of China Medical University . Seventy patients with 135eyes,aged 21-48 years old. Among this group 28 were male,53eyes;42 were female, 82 eyes. A-ultrasound and IOL-Master was used to measure axial length one week before preoperative and three months after ICL implantation. There are two measuring mode in A-ultrasound and IOL-Master: normal and special. All the results were analysed by the SPSS11.5 statistical methods.Results (1) preoperative AXL of A-ultrasound and IOL-Master average are: (27.81 ±0.22) mm,(28. 02 ±0.22) mm; (2) postoperative AXL of phakic and Pseudophakic PMMA mode of IOL-Master average are: (28.01 ±0. 22) mm, (28. 12 ±0.22)mm; (3) postoperative AXL of normal and special mode of A-ultrasound average are: (27. 82 ± 0. 22 ) mm, ( 26. 40 ± 0. 21 ) mm. Conclusion According to the different meansuring mode, there are some difference of AXL between the preoperative and postoperative ICL.The more accurately meansuring mode is IOL-Master phakic mode before and after operation. A-ultrasound normal mode can be used if the lens become so turbid that the AXL can't be obtained by IOL-Master.

Objective To investigate the effect of conductive keratoplasty (CK) for presbyopia and 2 years follow-up. Methods This study is prospective clinical trial. CK was performed on 34 patients for presbyopia, in which 26 hyperopic patients underwent binocular operations and 8 emmetropic patients underwent monocular operation. The following-up time was 24 months. Results At 24 months postoperatively, for the hyperopia group, binocular uncorrected near visual acuity (33 cm) (5-logMAR)(4. 63 ± 0. 12 ) was increased significantly ( t = 9. 237, P ＜ 0. 001) compared pre-operatively ( 4. 06 ±0. 15) ; binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (4. 99 ±0. 02) was significantly increased (t =6. 718,P ＜0. 05) compared pre-operatively (4. 82 ±0. 21); for the emmetropia group, binocular uncorrected near visual acuity (33 cm) (5-logMAR) (4. 68 ± 0. 16) was increased significantly (t = 10. 413 ,P ＜ 0. 001)compared pre-operatively (4. 13 ±0. 18); binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity was same as preoperative one; compared pre-operatively ( +0.97 ±0. 63D), manifest refractive spherical equivalent was decreased significantly (P ＜0. 001) to peak value ( - 1. 21 ± 1. 00) D at 1 week, and then regressed to a relative plateau( -0. 40 ±0. 70)D at 24 months; the regressive rate was decreased from ( +0. 35 ±0. 44)D/month at 1 month postoperatively to ( +0.01 ± 0. 01 ) D/months at 24 months postoperatively. Contrast sensitivity and glare sensitivity, intraocular pressure, tear break-up time, endothelial cell count, central corneal thickness, stereopsis function and best corrected visual acuity were not significantly changed.Conclusions For treatment of presbyopia, CK appeared to be safe, effective, refractive-predictable and controllable, and relatively stable at 24 months post-operatively. More long-time follow-up is necessary for further evaluation.

Objective This study investigated the legibility in use of psycho-physical methods to select Chinese characters for visual acuity charts. Methods Twenty-eight subjects with the raw visual acuity or best corrected visual acuity of - 0. 11 ± 0. 06 ( LogMAR) were recruited for this study. Ninety Chinese characters with similar Fourier frequency spectrum were used as candidates for the selection of visual targets.Thirty-seven Chinese characters with each consisted of horizontal, vertical and oblique strokes were selected from these candidates. Six different-sized BMP images for each selected Chinese character were made based on the average visual acuity threshold of all the selected characters. The accuracy rate for all subjects to read each size of the BMP images was averaged. Graphs correlating the font sizes with the accuracy rates were formed using Weibull function imitation, which provided a visual acuity (VA) threshold and slope for each Chinese character selected. Results Among the 37 Chinese characters selected, 17 had a VA threshold 6. 16 ±0. 54 (unit: arc) and 20 had a VA theshold of 8. 20 ±0. 71. The slope for characters with low stroke number and medium stroke number was 5.91 ± 2. 18 and 11. 18 ± 3.55, respectively. Based on the finally determined as the visual targets for a lower stroke-number Chinese visual acuity chart (tb: 5. 84 ±β: 10. 47 ±3. 9) were determined as the visual targets for a medium stroke- number Chinese visual chart. Conclusion Analysis using Fourier frequency spectrum provides an objective method in the selection of Chinese characters for Chinese visual acuity charts. A psychological test for this selection would further confirm the legibility of the method used in this study.

Objective To analyzed retrospectively the indications of corneal transplantations,including penetrating keratoplasty(PKP) , lamellar keratoplasty (LKP) and corneal transplantation combined with anterior and posterior segment surgery in Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute. And compare the changes of the indications between the first five years and the last five years. Methods The patients who received PKP, LKP and corneal transplantation combined with anterior and posterior segment surgeries in Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute between January 2000 and December 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. From 2000 to 2009, 3649 cases(3741 eyes)of corneal transplantations have complete data,including male 2518 cases(2582 eyes) ,female 1131 cases (1159 eyes) ;PKP 2594 cases (2667 eyes) ,LKP 1055 cases (1074 eyes). Compare and analysis the indications and its changes between 2000 -2004and 2005 - 2009 two periods . Results During the first period, the leading indications for PKP, in order of decreasing frequency, were purulent keratitis (440 cases, 442 eyes) , keratoconus (241 cases, 274 eyes) ,herpes simplex keratitis ( HSK) (229 cases, 229 eyes) , the leading indications for LKP were purulent keratitis (221 cases, 221 eyes), corneal burn (including thermal and chemical burn) (106 cases, 106eyes) , others (mainly refers to the phlyctenular keratitis, interstitial keratitis, et al) (79 cases, 79 eyes) ,the ratio of PKP and LKP is 2. 5 to 1. 0. During the second period the leading indications for PKP, in order of decreasing frequency, were purulent keratitis (330 cases, 330 eyes), HSK (124 cases, 124 eyes),keratoconus (99 cases, 105 eyes), the leading indications for LKP were purulent keratitis (230 cases,236 eyes) , keratoconus(97 cases, 101 eyes) , corneal dystrophy and degeneration (42 cases, 49 eyes) ,the ratio of PKP and LKP is 1.7 to 1. 0. Conclusions Purulent keratitis is the main indication of corneal transplantion, the choice of LKP significantly increase. LKP has become the first surgical choice of purulent keratitis and keratoconus.

Objective To assess the relationship between central visual acuity and retinal volume of macular fovea in patients with Stargardt disease by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography ( SD OCT). Methods It was a retrospective case series study. Twenty eyes of 10 patients with Stargardt disease were investigated by three-dimensional spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. SD OCT images were obtained and retrospectively analyzed. The retinal volumes of macular fovea were measured by SD OCT,whose diameters were set as 3 mm and 1 mm separately ( volume 3 and volume 1). The retinal thickness of macular fovea (macular thickness) and the width of IS/OS conjunction loss of macular fovea (IS/OS loss)were also measured by SD OCT. We correlated the logMAR BCVA with IS/OS loss, macular thickness,volume 3 and volume 1 by linear regression analysis. Results LogMAR BCVA was from 0. 3 to 1. 22.IS/OS loss was from 847 μm to 5306 μm. Macular thickness was from 20 μm to 126μm. Volume 3 and volume 1 was from 1. 06 to 1. 76 mm3 and 0. 06 to 0. 13 mm3. LogMAR BCVA correlated with the IS/OS loss (r = 0.695,P＜0. 05) , macular thickness (r= - 0. 601 ,P ＜ 0. 05), and volume 3 ( r = -0.725,P＜0. 05 ). LogMAR BCVA did not correlate with volume 1 ( r = - 0. 364, P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions SD OCT could demonstrate the retinal structure of Stargardt disease clearly. The retinal volume of macular fovea accessed by SD OCT correlated with the visual acuity of Stargardt disease.

Objective To observe the pathological changes of grafted vein after repairing lacrimal canaliculus with autogenous vein graft in rabbits. Methods Experimental research. Sixty rabbits were used in the present study. One side of lacrimal canaliculus was disconnected to produce an experimental model.The canaliculus injury was repaired by autogenous vein graft. Pathological changes and cell proliferation of grafted vein segment were observed by routine HE stain and immunohistochemistry. The cell ultrastructure changes were observed by scanning electron microscope at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 28 day after the operation.Results Experimental models were successfully established in 60 rabbits. Endothelial cells of grafted vein segment gradually disappeared after operation, the vein lumen was covered by canalicular epithelial cells 7 days after the operation. At the same time some variations of epithelial cells and exposed collagen fiber structure in subendothelial layer were found by scanning electron microscope. The vein lumen was completely covered with stratified squamous epithelium 28 days after the operation and no epithelial defect could be found by scanning electron microscope. Inflammatory cell infiltration, smooth muscle cell degeneration and fibroblast proliferation were observed in the subepithelial connective tissues. The reconstruction of propria lamina required more than 28 day. Conclusion After autogenous vein graft repairing lacrimal canaliculus,endothelial cells of grafted vein were replaced by canalicular epithelial cells and the propria lamina of grafted vein segment was reconstructed.

The patient was a 47-year-old female who went to the Ophthalmology Clinic of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences for "red eyes with nodular hyperplasia for 4 months". According to the case records of other hospitals, 4 months ago, the patient developed red eyes, conjunctival congestion and edema, obvious nodular hyperplasia, and more gray-white retrocorneal deposits (KP) without obvious inducement.

Case 1: A 12-year-old male came to our hospital because his visual acuity decreased for 3 days after watching the solar eclipse with naked eyes. No abnormalities were found in the physical examination. Ocular examination: the visual acuity of both eyes was 0.4. No obvious abnormalities were found in the anterior segment of both eyes, the light reflection in the fovea of both eyes disappeared, and small patches of yellow-white spots were visible locally (Figure 1A, B), but no abnormalities were found. optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed that the full-thickness neuroepithelial reflex in the fovea of both eyes was enhanced (Figure 1C, d). Fluorescein fundus angiography showed that there were no obvious abnormalities in the macular area and the peripheral retina of both eyes.

Perfluoropropane (C3F8) is one of the main representatives of inflatable gas in vitreous surgery [1]. Some research results show [1-2] that C3F8 below 23% is non-inflatable gas, which can maintain a relatively constant pressure in vitreous cavity, and has little effect on intraocular pressure [1-2]. Our department once admitted a patient who was filled with 15% C3F8 gas after vitrectomy, and intraocular hypertension was induced by rapid change of air pressure after 13 days.

The patient was a 60-year-old female who came to the Department of Ophthalmology of Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital affiliated to Fudan University on October 13, 2010 due to blurred vision in both eyes for more than 9 years. Eye examination showed that the naked eye visual acuity was 0.25 in the right eye and 0.1 in the left eye, both of which could not be corrected, and the cornea was opaque. Confocal microscopy showed that scar tissue was visible in the corneal stromal layer of both eyes, and some endothelial cells could not be identified. The endothelial cell density was 1184 cells/mm2 in the right eye and 406 cells/mm2 in the left eye.

Cataract is the main cause of vision impairment, and age-related cataract is the most common type of cataract. Protein post-translational modification is the enzymatic processing of a polypeptide chain after translation from messenger RNA and after peptide bond formation has occurred. Deamidation,glycation and oxidation are age-related processes. They can change the structure or solubility of crystallin and result in the opacity of lens while acetylation and methylation may be related to the protection of lens protein.Although much effort has been directed towards slowing progression or preventing the occurrence of cataract,the management of cataract remains surgical. This review deals with the relations between different kinds of protein post-translational modification and age-related cataract as well as some protective methods aiming at the process of post-translational modification.

The clinical manifestation of ocular toxicity associated with drugs are various. The ocular toxic manifestations and the degree of impairment are different due to the variety, dose, and routes of exposure and so on. It is difficult to diagnose the cause of the toxicity . If we can't find the toxic factor immediately, stop the damage to the eyes, and treat in time, the patient's vision will be impaired or even lose. This article reviews ocular toxicity caused by drugs, including the variety of drugs, clinical manifestations, etiopathogenisis, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

Excimer laser corneal refractive surgery is one of the main correction methods for refractive errors at present. Millions of people in the world undergo this kind of surgery every year [1], and hundreds of thousands of patients are treated every year in China. A large number of clinical practices in the past ten years have shown that due to the progress of technology and equipment, pathological complications tend to decrease, but the problems of visual function are still not completely solved. Some patients have optical complications such as halo, glare, monocular diplopia and night vision loss after surgery [2-3]. Many studies have shown that the increase of high-order aberrations (mainly spherical aberrations and coma) after surgery is an important factor [4-5]. Therefore, it is very important to grasp the causes of high-order aberrations after surgery and effectively control and prevent them, which will reduce the optical complications and improve the visual quality after surgery.

The 2011 Tianjin Ophthalmology International Forum hosted by Tianjin Eye Hospital will be held at the Tianjin Eye Hospital Conference Center from August 27 to 28, 2011. This event will invite famous experts and scholars from Japan, Germany, Australia and other countries and China to give distinctive academic speeches, on-site surgical demonstrations and comments on hot issues such as the latest technological progress and clinical application experience of cataract, vitreoretinopathy, corneal disease, etc., and conduct in-depth discussions on common clinical related issues.

Sponsored by the Department of Ophthalmology of Tianjin First Central Hospital and co-organized by the Second Hospital of Jilin University, the 16th Ophthalmology Imaging Ocular Tumor and Orbital Disease Study Class will be held in Changchun, Jilin Province from August 16 to 20, 2011. The purpose of this study class is to improve the application level of ophthalmic imaging technology in the diagnosis and treatment of intraocular diseases, ocular tumors and orbital diseases. The study class is taught by well-known experts in ophthalmic imaging diagnosis and treatment technology and orbital diseases in China, such as Song Guoxiang and Sun Fengyuan. The study content covers new technologies such as ultrasound, X-ray, CT, magnetic resonance imaging and interventional imaging, as well as clinical diagnosis and treatment of intraocular diseases and orbital diseases.

The "13th National Conference on Ophthalmic Pathology and Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology" co-sponsored by the Ophthalmic Pathology Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association and Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association will be held in Qingdao, Shandong Province from November 4 to 6, 2011. This conference will invite famous domestic ophthalmic pathologists to give special lectures and discuss difficult cases. Through academic discussions and experience exchanges on ophthalmic basic pathology and clinical pathology with participants, the latest progress in ophthalmic pathological diagnosis and the latest achievements in basic research will be demonstrated. It is believed that through communication and communication, the clinical level of pathology of ophthalmologists will be improved and the basic research of ophthalmology will be promoted.

The 3rd Peking University Ophthalmologist Forum will be held in Beijing from October 8 to 10, 2011. Venue: Science Lecture Hall on the first floor of Peking University Ophthalmology Center. The theme of the conference papers is to explore the path of China's ophthalmology to the top, and all papers that fit this theme can be submitted. Two forms of contributed and free essay are used. In the free call for essays, selected manuscripts with strong representative topics and clear and innovative arguments are selected for oral communication at the conference.

The Ophthalmology Center of Tianjin Medical University will hold a national continuing medical education program on cataract, glaucoma, ocular surface diseases and corneal refractive surgery from July 28 to 31, 2011 in Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province. The conference was co-organized by Qinhuangdao Maternal and Child Health Hospital.

The Chinese Medical Association is scheduled to hold the 16th National Ophthalmology Academic Conference and the 4th Global Chinese Ophthalmology Academic Conference in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province from September 8 to 11, 2011. This conference is another large-scale international event of ophthalmology held in China after the 15th National Ophthalmology Academic Conference of Chinese Medical Association and the 25th Annual Conference of Asia-Pacific Ophthalmology Society (2010APAO) in 2010. It is estimated that there will be 5,000 delegates participating in the conference. At that time, more than 1,000 famous international and domestic ophthalmologists will give special reports on new technologies, new knowledge and new experiences in ophthalmology development.

Sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association, this journal was founded on October 1, 1950, and is now a monthly magazine. The editorial committee is composed of more than 100 well-known ophthalmologists across the country. Currently Editor-in-Chief Zhao Kanxing, Deputy Editors-in-Chief Wang Ningli, Sun Xinghuai, Yin Zhengqin, He Shouzhi, Yao Ke, Cui Hao, Hui Yannian, Ge Jian, Xie Lixin (Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering), Li Xiaoxin, and Director of Editorial Department Huang Yibin. For many years, the circulation, influencing factors, total citation frequency and other indicators of this journal are among the best in this professional journal in China.

According to international practice and the actual situation in China, for papers that meet the following conditions, the Chinese Medical Association series journals allow and accept the republication of relevant papers of the same research in different languages.

If the topic involved in the thesis is a national or ministerial or provincial fund or key project, the name of the fund project should be indicated with "Fund Project": as a logo at the beginning of the article, and the project number should be indicated in parentheses. The name of the fund project shall be filled in according to the official name stipulated by the relevant departments of the state, and a number of funds shall be listed in turn, separated by ";". All fund projects must be accompanied by copies of certificates.

In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have conducted a lot of scientific research, which confirms that dry eye is a multi-factor disease, among which inflammatory reaction plays an important role in the occurrence and development of dry eye, but traditional artificial tears can't fundamentally solve the problem of inflammatory reaction of dry eye. In 2010, important domestic academic institutions successively carried out basic research on the inflammatory reaction related to dry eye and the application of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of dry eye, and looked forward to clinical large sample evidence-based medical evidence.

1. Statistical symbols: According to the relevant provisions of GB3358-1982 ((Statistical Nouns and Symbols), all statistical symbols are printed in italics. Commonly used: (1) The arithmetic mean of the sample is exposed in English lowercase (median is M); (2) Standard deviation is exposed in English lowercase s; (3) Standard misuse of English lowercase ss; (4) t test is exposed in English lowercase t;

Corneal Disease Atlas, written by Professor Xie Lixin, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, leader of keratology group of Chinese Medical Association Ophthalmology Branch, and deputy editor-in-chief of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, was officially published by People's Medical Publishing House in March 2011. The book systematically reflects the clinical characteristics of corneal diseases in the form of images, characteristically reflects the effects of modern corneal imaging examination and modern scientific treatment, and enables readers to "read pictures".

In order to further improve the concept and clinical management level of anti-glaucoma combined treatment in China, provide a communication platform for ophthalmologists to demonstrate their academic level, and finally benefit more glaucoma patients, the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of the Chinese Medical Association will hold the 2011 "concerned treatment for glaucoma makes the world brighter, NEED" case selection series from May to December 2011.

China Health Express Foundation, which aims to "alleviate poverty, cure blindness and promote harmonious development", has been operating for 14 years since 1997. By the end of 2010, Health Express had grown from one train to four trains, and carried out free cataract surgery for more than 110,000 poor cataract patients at 105 stations in 27 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in the mainland, sending hope to their families.

Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology is a professional academic journal of ophthalmology sponsored by Chinese Medical Association. It targets ophthalmologists as the main readers, reporting leading scientific research achievements, clinical diagnosis and treatment experience in the field of ophthalmology, and basic theoretical research that has a guiding role in ophthalmology clinics and is closely integrated with ophthalmology clinics. The purpose of this journal is to implement the principles and policies of the Party and the state on health work, implement the principle of combining theory with practice, popularization and improvement, reflect the significant progress of clinical and scientific research in ophthalmology in China, and promote academic exchanges in ophthalmology at home and abroad.

The Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology was founded on October 1, 1950. It was sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association and edited by the Editorial Committee of the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology. The editorial committee is composed of nearly 100 well-known ophthalmologists in China. The current editor-in-chief Zhao Kanxing and the editorial director Huang Yibin. The main readers of this journal are ophthalmologists across the country, and it is publicly distributed at home and abroad. China Standard Issue Number: ISSN 0412-4081, CN11-2142/R; Postal Code: 2-60; National map code: M93.