Volume 47 · Issue 04 · 2011

：Different kinds of newintraocular lenses (IOL) provide more choices for different clinical demands. However,there are many misunderstandings about how to select the proper IOL. Thesemisunderstandings arise from the believes that include "the expensive IOL is goodIOL", "new product is absolutely perfect", etc. Furthermore, we should payattention to avoid the "confusion concept ","comprehend error of monovisionand matching different types of IOL", "ignore the results from evidencebasedmedicine", etc. When we select the IOL, we should concern about how to meet thepatients' demands and how to provide the best benefits to the patients.

Following the development of the techniques of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation as well as the advances of materials of IOL, the better design of aspheric, multifocal and loop surface IOL, the cataract surgery has become a refractive surgery that can enhance the optical performance of the eyes. Therefore, cataract surgery has entered the era of pursuing quality of vision and visual comfortable level to meet the requirements of the patients. Patients after the cataract surgery not only can see but also can see clearly and comfortably. Therefore, more and more methods for the measurement of functional vision have been developed. These methods are important in the evaluation of quality of vision in patients with early stage cataract and after the cataract surgery.

Objective To assess the clinical effects of supracapsular implantation with optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens in school-age children with traumatic cataract. Method It was a retrospective case series study. Thirteen cases ( 13 eyes) received posterior curvilinear capsulorhexis with optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens. Pre- and post-operative visual acuities were recorded.Intra-o and post-operative complications were observed. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 42 months.Results Implantation of optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens was successfully performed in 13 eyes. The best-corrected-visual acuity ranged from 0.2 to 1.0. No optic axis opaque was found in 10 eyes with optic capture. The major complications of optic capture were lenticular precipitates and posterior synechia of the iris. Intraocular dislocation was found in one case two weeks after the operation.Conclusions Supracapsular implantation with optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens is safe and effective for the treatment of traumatic cataract in school-age children.

Objective To compare the amounts of intraocular lens (IOL) decentration and tilt, the anterior chamber depth (ACD) and the degree of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) using the Pentacam Scheimpflug System after cataract surgery between eyes with 1-piece acrylic IOL and 3-piece acrylic IOL Methods It was a perspective study. Fifty-one patients with bilateral senile cataract had implantation of a 1-piece SA60AT IOL in one eye and a 3-piece MA60BM IOL in the contralateral eye. The amount of IOL decentration, tilt, the ACD, and the degree of PCO was measured using the Pentacam Scheimpflug System 1 day and 1,6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. Results There were no significant changes during the 24 m follow-up period in the decentration ( 0. 37 ± 0. 16, 0. 36 ± 0. 15, 0. 36 ± 0. 16, 0. 37 ± 0. 15,0. 38 ± 0. 16), tilt (3.59±0.91,3.64 ±0.92,3.61 ±0.90,3.63 ±0.90,3.70 ±0. 89)or PCO(22. 20 ±3.99,21.96 ±4. 00,22.40 ± 4. 03,22. 53 ± 4. 00,22. 95 ± 3. 87 ) in the 1 -piece SA60AT group ( F = 1. 938,0. 785,1. 814;P ＞ 0. 05 ) or in the 3-piece MA60BM group (0. 34 ± 0. 14,0. 33 ± 0. 14,0. 34 ± 0. 14,0.35±0.14,0.36 ±0.14),(3.55 ±0.90,3.57 ±0.92,3.63 ±0.88,3.61 ±0.88,3.65 ±0.89),(21.14 ±3.88,20. 98 ±3. 87,21.23 ±3. 83,21.59 ±3. 82,21.65 ±3. 87) (F = 1. 004,0. 525,1. 963;P ＞0. 05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in IOL decentration (t = 0. 802,0. 701,0.588,0. 898,0.631), tilt (t =0. 199,0.337,0.094,0. 121,0.248) or PCO(t = 1.214,1. 119,1.334,1. 082,1. 517)at any time points (P ＞ 0. 05 ). The ACD did not change after the surgery in the 1-piece group (3.90 ±0. 99,3.88 ± 1.07,3.91 ± 1.01,3.90 ± 1.02,3.92 ± 1.02) (F= 1. 333,P ＞0. 05) but was significantly deeper in the 3-piece group ( 4. 37 ± 1.02,3.90 ± 0. 98,3.95 ± 0. 99,3.93 ± 0. 96,3.97 ± 0. 99 ) ( F = 92. 757, P ＜ 0. 05 ) one day after the operation. The ACD was more shallow in the 1-piece SA60AT group than in the 3-piece MA60BM group at all time points. However, the difference was statistically significant only at 1 day after surgery ( t = 102. 944, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The degrees of IOL decentration, tilt, ACD and PCO in eyes with a 1-piece acrylic IOL with flexible haptics implanted in the capsular bag were similar to those in eyes with a 3-piece acrylic IOL with rigid PMMA haptics. But the 1 -piece acrylic IOL provides a better stability than the 3-piece acrylic IOL in the early stage postoperatively.

Objective To evaluate the changes of the retinal thickness in the highly myopic eyes with retinoschisis after phacoemulsification by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to analyze their postoperative visual acuity. Methods It was a retrospective case series study. This study included 25 (35eyes) highly myopic patients with retinoschisis. One week, 1 and 3 months after phacoemulsification, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured and OCT was performed to evaluate the central foveal thickness (CFT) as well as the maximum neurosensory thickness (MNT). These 35 eyes were divided into low and high accumulated energy complex parameter (AECP) groups, and ≤28.00 mm, ＞ 28. 00 and ≤ 30. 00 mm, ＞ 30. 00 mm groups according to the axial length respectively.Variance analysis of data obtained from repeated measurement, Wilcoxon rank sum test, linear correlation and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results According to the location of schisis, the 35 eyes were classified as foveal schisis (20 eyes) and nonfoveal schisis (15 eyes). Among the 35 eyes,there were 30 eyes with outer retinoschisis and 5 with compound schisis. The mean BCVA (logMAR)preoperatively and 1 week, 1 and 3 months postoperatively was 0. 23 ± 0. 24, 0. 59 ± 0. 38,0. 57 ± 0. 38 and 0. 60 ±0. 36 respectively ( F = 31.15, P = 0. 000 ). CFT preoperatively and 1 week, 1 and 3 months postoperatively was (255.46 ± 197.57) μm, (256.80 ± 199.88) μm, (274.37 ±246.87) μm, and (268.60±238.41) μm (F=0.99,P=0.420); while MNT was (473.31 ±175.52) μm, (477.71 ±188.71 ) μm, (486. 60 ± 229. 17 ) μm and (482. 63 ± 208. 82) μm respectively ( F = 0. 26, P = 0. 857).BCVA in eyes with foveoschisis and in eyes with nonfoveal schisis was statistically significantly different at 1 week, 1 and 3 months postoperatively ( Z = - 0. 580, P = 0. 048; Z = - 2. 147, P = 0. 030 and Z =-2. 099,P =0. 034). BCVA (0. 43 ±0. 28) was inversely correlated with CFT (497.42 ±281.49) μm in the eyes with foveoschisis unaccompanied with a macular lamellar hole at 3 months postoperatively ( r =-0. 667, P =0. 018). There were no significant differences in the changes of the thickness of the retina between the groups with different AECP or among the groups with different axial lengths ( Z = - 0. 314-1. 290, P =0. 192-0. 741 and F =0. 15-0. 62, P =0. 545-0. 859). Conclusions Cataract surgery has no significant effect on thickness of the retina in the highly myopic eyes with retinoschisis. The patients with retinoschisis could achieve good visual recovery after phacoemulsification. Postoperative visual acuity is related to the location and degree of retinoschisis. Besides, patients with non-foveal schisis could obtain better visual acuity than those with foveoschisis. Further investigation on the development of retinoschisis and the complications after surgery is required.

Objective To identify the gene mutation in a four-generation Chinese family with autosomal dominant congenital cataract associated with microcornea. Methods Experimental research.Twelve members in this family (including six affected and six unaffected individuals) were enrolled into this study. They underwent full ophthalmological and clinical examinations to rule out any concomitant disorders.Blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. Microsatellite markers near the reported loci,which are associated with congenital cataract and microcornea were selected and amplified from DNA samples using polymerase chain reaction. Linkage analysis was performed. The exons and exon/intron junction of candidate gene in the related chromosome were sequenced. The product of the first exon was digested by ApaL Ⅰ restriction enzyme to certify the mutation. Results The phenotype studied in this family was nuclear cataract accompanied with microcornea. At markers D21S1885 and D21S1890 near the locus 21q22. 3, the affected members had the same allele, but the unaffected did not. The Lod scores were 2. 11in both markers, indicating that this locus were linked to the congenital cataract in this family. DNA sequencing of candidate gene CRYAA showed a heterozygous mutation c. 34C ＞ T in exon 1, which led to condon 12 in peptide chain encoding arginine substituted by cysteine. ApaL Ⅰ enzyme digestion certified that all of the affected members had the same mutation c. 34C ＞T, but the unaffected and normal individuals did not. Conclusion Mutation (p. R12C) of CRYAA is the genetic change that causes the occurrence of congenital cataract with microcornea in this family.

Objective To determine whether matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor can provide therapeutic effects for rabbits posterior capsule opacification in vivo and to observe the side effects of this drug on surrounding intraocular structures. Methods Experimental research. New Zealand white rabbits were undertaken phacoemulsification operation. GM6001 at different concentrations ( 100,200 and 500 μmol/L)and GM6001 negative control liqueur were infused into the capsule bags of the rabbits at the end of operation and two days after the operation. The incidence of posterior capsule opacification was assessed and the histological sections of posterior capsules were observed under microscope 12 weeks after the surgery. The anterior chamber response was observed on day 2 post-operatively. The changes of intraocular pressure were measured by day 2 and day 7. Corneal endothelial cells were observed under scanning electron microscopeand iris, ciliary body and retina were observed under microscope on day 7. Results GM6001 significantly prevented posterior capsule opacification (P=0. 007 ). No opacification occurred on the rabbit posterior capsule in eyes with 200 and 500μmol/L GM6001 on week 12 post-operatively in vivo. No cells were found on posterior capsule in 500 μmol/L group, whereas lens epithelial cells and fibroblasts were found in the controls under microscope. No difference of anterior chamber flare between the eyes with GM6001 at different concentrations and the control group (P=0. 380) by day 2 after the operation. The intraocular pressure in eyes with GM6001 was the same as that in the control 2-days ( F = 0. 642, P = 0. 597 ) and 7-days ( F =0. 179 ,P =0. 909) post-operation. The corneal endothelial cells in eyes with 500 μ mol/L GM6001 arranged regularly and did not show any difference from that in the control eyes under scanning electron microscope 7-day after the operation. The iris, ciliary body and retina in eyes with 500 μmol/L GM6001 were normal in appearance 7-day after the operation. Conclusions MMP inhibitor can prevent posterior capsule opacification effectively in rabbits in vivo and does not cause damage to surrounding intraocular structures,suggesting that MMP inhibitor may become a medication used for the prevention of lens posterior capsule opacification.

Objective The therapeutic effects of general and local applications of puerarin in the treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat diabetic model were compared. Methods Experimental research. We equally divided normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats into a STZ group, a peritoneal injection group, a peribulbar injection group and a control group. STZ, peritoneal injection and peribulbar injection groups were first treated with STZ. Subsequendy, the STZ group was injected with normal saline intraperitoneally, while in the later two groups puerarin was injected through peritoneal and peribular routes,respectively. Control group only received peritoneal injection of saline. The morphology of lens epithelial cells (LEC) and their subcellular structure were examined by bright-field microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 20, 40 and 60 days after the injection.Nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were measured by biochemistry methods. Finally,inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and mRNA levels were monitored by Western blot and RTPCR, respectively. Data was processed with two factorial experiment analysis of variance. Results Twenty to sixty days after the injection, marked or complete lens opacities appeared in the STZ group, whereas only slight opacities appeared in the lens in peritoneal and peribulbar puerarin groups and the lens in the control group remained clear. At the 20th, 40th and 60th day after the injection, optical microscope detected pathological changes of LEC in the STZ group. The cell volume was decreased with a dense nucleus and many bubbles appeared around the equator ares. Under TEM, enlargement of cell gap, vacuoles in the cytoplasm, swelling of mitochondria and unclear structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared in the LEC of the STZ group. Part of the nucleus was in karyopyknosis and peripheral nucleus gap was enlargement. Under SEM, normal fiber conjunction structure of the lens disappeared, fibers were swelling,part of fiber membranes were discontinuous, detached, and accumulated in certain areas. Mild lens opacities detected by bright-field microscope were developed in peritoneal and peribulbar puerarin injection groups.Nucleus and fibers in the lens cells of both groups appeared to be normal, with minor swelling of mitochondria, minor enlargement of endoplasmic reticulum and slight increase of intracellular space. NO,NOS and iNOS protein and mRNA of the lens were increased and up-regulated in STZ group. In the other two groups only minor changes were present and the changes were significantly less than that of the STZ group but greater than that in the control group. Conclusion Peritoneal and peribulbar injection of puerarin have similar therapeutic effects in the treatment of rat diabetic cataract.

Objective The present study used a corneal topographic device to record aberrations on the anterior surface of the cornea at different time-points prior to wearing and following discontinued use of rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses. The effect of wearing RGPCL on the anterior surface of the cornea was discussed to provide guidance for clinical refractive error correction. Methods The study objects were 60 eyes from 30 patients. All patients underwent identical examination procedures prior to lens use, as well as afterwards, including slit-lamp examination, non-contact tonometer measurement, computer optometry & corneal curvature measurement, subjective refraction test, and corneal topography analysis. The patients wore contact lenses every day for 1 month and then discontinued. Corneal topographies were recorded at certain time points of 30 min, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, and 2 weeks following use. Results Total corneal aberration at each time point following discontinued use of RGP contact lenses was less than the time point prior to use. Detailed results are as follows; root mean square (RMS) (pre) = (1.438 ±0.328), RMS (30 min) = (1.076 ± 0.355), RMS (1 day) = (1.362 ± 0.402) , RMS (3 day) =(1.373 ± 0.398), RMS (7 day) = (1.387 ± 0.415), and RMS (14 day) = (1.448 ± 0.423) .Results showed that at 30 minutes after discontinued use of RGP contact lenses, almost all 2nd-and 3rd-order aberrations were altered. Quadrafoil Z10 and spherical Z12 of the 4th-order were also changed. Alterations to Z5, Z6, and Z12 at 1 day after discontinued use were significant compared with the time period prior to RGP use: Z5 and Z6 decreased, and Z12 increased slightly( F =2. 869 ～5. 549 ,P =0. 001 ～0. 042). Z5 and Z6remained decreased at 3 days after discontinued use, but Z9 and Z10 continued to increase and Z12 returned to levels prior to RGP use ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). At 2 weeks after discontinued use, all aberrations were not significantly different from the values prior to use ( P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions The use RGP contact lenses greatly reduced total aberration of the anterior surface of the cornea. Changes to 2nd- and 3rd-order aberrations ( including Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7, and Z8 ) were more significant. Following discontinued use of RGP contact lenses, the majority of lower order aberrations returned to original levels in a short period of time. During this process, a transient higher order aberration appeared, but all changes disappeared within 2 weeks after discontinued use of RGP contact lenses.

Objective To explore the effect of Blocking activation of IGF-1-Stat3 signaling pathway in guinea pig sclera fibroblast (GSFs) by AG490 on expressions of MMP-2, Integrinβ1. Methods Cultured GSFs were divided into four groups: group A( control group: only DMEM without IGF-1 ), group B (only IGF-1 group), group C( IGF-1 + PBS group), group D( IGF-1 +25 μmol/L AG490 group). The expressions of Stat3, p-Stat3, MMP-2, Integrinβ1 protein induced by IGF-1 and inhibited by AG490 in GSFs were detected by Western blot. The levels of Stat3, MMP-2 and Integrinβ1mRNA were detected by RTPCR. Results Compared with Groups A and D, Stat3, p-Stat3, MMP-2 protein expression in groups B and C were expressed at higher level ( tpr = - 32. 324, - 26. 284, - 32. 876, - 26. 345, - 68. 668, - 58. 724,- 187.481, - 58. 842, - 110. 264, - 120. 256, - 121. 345, - 120. 286; tmRNA = - 31. 554, - 31. 178,- 31. 286, - 31.198, - 12. 076, - 14. 969, - 11. 896, - 14. 546, P ＜ 0. 05 ), but the expression levels were not obviously different between groups B and C (tp = -32.720, -32. 816, -68.668, -187.481,- 110. 264, - 121. 345; tmRNA = - 0. 692, - 0. 579, P ＞ 0. 05 ), which were similar to mRNA level. The Integrinβ1 protein and mRNA were expressed in groups A, B, C and D but no significant difference among them respectively (Fpr =0.214;FmRNA = 0.045,P ＞0.05). Conclusions Activation of Stat3 signaling pathway may be involved in up-modulating the expression of MMP-2 in GSFs, and not affect the Integrinβ1protein and mRNA changes. The results reveal that Stat3 signaling transduction pathway may play a critical role in sclera remodeling by means of modulating MMP-2 expression.

Objective To investigate the effect of travoprost on changes of actin cytoskeletal and β-catenin protein in the cultured human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells treated with dexamethasone (DEX). Methods It was a control experiment study. The HTM cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control group, DEX (1 × 10-6mol/L) group, travoprost (1 × 10-6mol/L) group, and DEX (1 ×10-6mol/L) plus travoprost (1 × 10-6mol/L) group. F-actin in the HTM cells was detected by FITC-phallodin and observed under a fluorescence microscope. The expression of β-catenin was determined by immunofluorescence and western-blot. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS13.0 software. The difference of β-catenin expression among groups was analyzed through variance analysis and, further by q test. Results The cultured HTM cells were identified by immunohistochemistry. A reorganization of actin cytoskeletal and a formation of cross linked actin networks (CLANs) were seen in the HTM cells treated with DEX, which were partially reversed by the treatment with DEX plus travoprost. An increase of the expression of β-catenin was discovered in the HTM cells treated with DEX, which was also partially reversed by the treatment with DEX plus travoprost. The amount of β-catenin protein in untreated control group, DEX group, DEX plus travoprost group and travoprost group were 0. 84 ± 0. 03,1.65 ± 0. 05, 1.21 ± 0. 05, and 0. 65 ±0. 04, respectively. Expression of β-catenin was significantly ( F = 143.07, P ＜ 0. 05 ) different when compared untreated control group with DEX group ( q = 15. 32 ,P ＜0. 05 ), untreated control group with DEX plus travoprost group (q = 11.40,P＜0. 05), DEX group with DEX plus travoprost group (q =9. 38,P ＜ 0. 05 ), DEX group with travoprost group ( q = 16. 55, P ＜ 0. 05 ), and DEX plus travoprost group with travoprost group (q = 14. 31 ,P ＜ 0. 05 ). No difference was found in untreated control group and travoprost group(q = 2. 84, P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions Our results suggest that reversion of the changes of actin organization and β-catenin by travoparost in the HTM cells treated with DEX may partially elucidate the mechanism of action of increasing outflow by which travoprost reduces intraocular pressure.

Objective To treat deep layer corneal damage using fibrin glue and amniotic memrbane transplant. Methods Forty-five rabbits were given deep lamellar keratectomies to cause deep layer corneal damage in their right eyes and were then randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group was given doublelayer amniotic membrane transplants where fibrin glue was used to connect the two layers of amniotic membrane. The second group was given double-layer amniotic membrane transplants where no fibrin glue was used. The third group was given no treatment. Clinical outcome was graded by corneal integrity, opacity and neovascularization, and detachment of amniotic membrane was recorded. The expression of apoptosis was monitored to assess the changes of morphology and histology on the 7th, 14th and 28th days after surgery.Results While the double-layer amniotic membrane without fibrin glue covered the cornea for (13. 15 ±2. 68 ) d, the double-layer amniotic membrane using fibrin glue covered the surface of the cornea for (20. 00 ± 2. 43 ) d ( t = 8. 470, P = 0. 000 ). The corneas in the first group recovered smoothly and transparently, maintained normal thickness and less neovascularization, whereas the corneas in the other two groups recovered irregularly, lost their transparency, became turbid and showed higher levels of neovascularization. There were statistically significant differences between the first and third groups for corneal opacity and neovasculariazation, where the 14th day after surgery, the first group scored 2. 62 and the third group scored 5. 19 (t =3. 986, P =0. 004), and the 28th day after surgery, the first group scored 2. 87 and the third group scored 4. 78 (t =3. 608, P=0. 007). Perforation did not appear in the first group,but the second group had 3 cases and the third group had 2 cases, all due to infection. The changes of morphology and histology showed that the damaged corneas were contained normal epithelial cells and regularly arranged fibrous cells on the 28th day after surgery. The apoptosis in corneas of the first group was less than that of the third group at all observed points (7th day: t =8. 153, P =0.000; 14th day: t =9. 693, P =0. 000; 28th day: t = 14. 050, P =0. 000), however, apoptosis in corneas in the second group was only different from that in the third group on the 7th day after surgery while other observed points showed no difference (7th day: t =5.474, P=0. 000). Conclusion Using bio-engineered fibrin glue in amniotic membrane transplants can repair deep layer corneal damage, reduce neovascularization, scarring and corneal apoptosis.

The Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology was founded on October 1, 1950. It was sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association and edited by the Editorial Committee of the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology. The editorial committee is composed of nearly 100 well-known ophthalmologists in China. The current editor-in-chief Zhao Kanxing and the editorial director Huang Yibin. The main readers of this journal are ophthalmologists across the country, and it is publicly distributed at home and abroad. China Standard Issue Number: ISSN0412-4081, CN11-2142/R;

Sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association, this journal was founded on October 1, 1950, and is now a monthly magazine. The editorial committee is composed of more than 100 well-known ophthalmologists across the country. Currently Editor-in-Chief Zhao Kanxing, Deputy Editors-in-Chief Wang Ningli, Sun Xinghuai, Yin Zhengqin, He Shouzhi, Yao Ke, Cui Hao, Hui Yannian, Ge Jian, Xie Lixin (Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering), Li Xiaoxin, and Director of Editorial Department Huang Yibin. For many years, the circulation, influencing factors, total citation frequency and other indicators of this journal are among the best in this professional journal in China. The papers contained have been included in more than ten important databases at home and abroad, such as the internationally renowned retrieval system American Medical Index (IM/MEDLINE).

In order to improve the printing quality of the journal, this journal has been changed to CTP plate making since 2011. In order to guarantee the printing quality of the pictures after CTP plate-making, this journal makes the following requirements for the published pictures.

Approved by the Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association, the 3rd National Conference on Corneal Refractive Surgery will be held in Tianyuan Building, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province from May 12 to 15, 2011. This conference is sponsored by the Keratology Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association, and hosted by Optometry Hospital affiliated to Wenzhou Medical College and Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. As an academic support media, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology sincerely invites domestic and foreign ophthalmologists, colleagues and ophthalmology business people to attend the conference. The conference will award 10 points in Class I credits for Continuing Education (Base Program) at the national level.

Following the successful two "Chinese Ophthalmology Youth and Middle-aged Forum" held by the editorial board of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association in 2009 and 2010, at the request of the majority of ophthalmologists, the "Third Chinese Ophthalmology Youth and Middle-aged Forum (and Organizing Meeting)" sponsored by the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology will be held in Xiamen, Fujian Province from July 1 to 4, 2011. The content of this forum integrates the rational application of ophthalmic drugs and the promotion of new technologies and new equipment. The emphasis is on comprehensively improving the diagnosis and treatment level of ophthalmologists.

The 13th National Conference on Cataract and Intraocular Lens will be held in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province from June 2 to 5, 2011. This conference was sponsored by Cataract Science Branch of Chinese Medical Association, and hosted by Zhejiang Medical Association and Ophthalmology Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University.

The 3rd International Uveitis Conference will be held in Chongqing from December 1 to 3, 2011. This conference will be sponsored by Chongqing Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, co-organized by the Ophthalmology Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association, and undertaken by Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Institute of Ophthalmology. Renowned international and domestic uveitis experts will be invited to give special lectures. Ophthalmology colleagues are welcome to actively contribute and actively participate in the conference.

Cataract is the most important blinding eye disease worldwide. Cataract is caused by oxidative damage of the lens, and the lens can be protected from oxidative damage by a series of antioxidant systems. There are enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the antioxidant system.

A 26-year-old male was admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology of Peking University First Hospital in November 2009 due to painless and progressive visual acuity decline in both eyes for more than 10 years.

A 53-year-old male was admitted to the hospital on January 28, 2009, mainly due to visual loss for 18 days and eyelid swelling for 11 days after right eye trauma. The patient accidentally hit a willow tree while riding an electric bicycle after drinking on January 10, 2009. After the injury, his right eye bled, he lost sight and lost consciousness.

Mesenchymal tumor [1] refers to a tumor containing two or more kinds of mesenchymal cells in addition to fibrous tissue. It is generally believed that mesenchymal tumor originates from primitive mesenchymal cells, which have strong multi-differentiation potential, so the tumor is composed of many kinds of mesenchymal tissue components.

laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is considered to be the safest, most accurate and most effective method for the treatment of myopia and astigmatism at present, but there are still a few patients who have undercorrection or refractive regression after operation, and need a second operation. There are many reports about the second operation. in the past, it has been reported that the second operation with the flap lifted may increase the risk of epithelial implantation. Some patients lose the opportunity of second operation due to the insufficient thickness of the original corneal stromal bed after the flap lifted. It has also been reported that the use of other surgical procedures for secondary surgery [3-4] may increase the risk of corneal nebulous opacity under the epithelium.

A 19-year-old male came to our outpatient clinic on February 4, 2009 because of "blurred vision after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in his left eye for 4 months".

Sex-linked juvenile retinoschisis is often misdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as other macular dystrophic diseases in clinic.We have treated 2 children with sex-linked juvenile retinoschisis, and their clinical characteristics are reported as follows.

A 4-year-old male with poor right eye vision since childhood, came to the Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences on September 2, 2010. The child was the first child and delivered naturally at full term; The parents were not intimate married, and there was no history of similar diseases in the family.

Proliferative fibrotic membranes in Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) cause severe harm to the patients' visual function. It is critical to inhibit the occurrence and development of fibrosis in order to preserve the visual function of the patients in advanced stage of diabetic retinopathy. In recent years, reports about inhibiting neovascularization in PDR are common. It is rare to find reports about inhibiting fibrosis formation. The application of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist, HMG coenzyme A reductase inhibitors and steroids could inhibit the formation of fibrosis at varying degrees by targeting different pathways. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the basis of current research conditions for the inhibition of the formation of proliferative fibrotic membranes in PDR, which will provide extensive ideas for the treatment of PDR and fibrosis formation.

Ocular neovascularization is the primary cause of blindness in a wide range of ocular diseases. The vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is the key factor involved in ocular angiogenesis, which can cause eye diseases through the development of pathological angiogenesis and increase of vascular permeability. There are two families of VEGF-A isoforms formed by alternative splicing,the angiogenic VEGF-A family ( VEGFxxx ), known to contribute to ocular neovascularization, and the antiangiogenic VEGF-A family ( VEGFxxx b), which is found in normal ocular tissues but downregulated in human diabetic retinopathy. The first member of the VEGFxxxb family to be isolated was VEGF165b. It can significantly reduce preretinal neovascularization without inhibition of physiological intraretinal angiogenesis.As the studies on the VEGFxxxb family proceed more deeply, controlling the balance of VEGFxxx to VEGFxxxb isoforms may be therapeutically valuable in the treatment of angiogenic eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.

Immune system played an important role in recognition and elimination of fungal pathogens. The balance between host factors and fungal pathogens can influence the prognosis of disease. As located on the surface of the eyeball. It was easy for cornea to be attracted by pathogens when traumatic injury occur. Moreover, cornea had characters of transparency and avascularization, which keep it on immune privilege situation relatively. The progress in the study of the mechanism of immunity participating in the keratomycosis and ways of fungus escaped from the attract of immune system was reviewed.

In order to improve the writing level of authors' medical papers, especially English medical papers, the English edition of Chinese Medical Journal of Chinese Medical Association is scheduled to hold two "National Medical Paper Writing Seminars" in Guangzhou in June and Yinchuan in July, 2011. The seminar will invite domestic experts with rich experience in reviewing, submitting and writing in English to give lectures, including: how to write Chinese (English) medical papers that are easily accepted by magazines; How to report clinical randomized controlled trials; Ethical Problems in Essay Writing;

Corneal disease is one of the main eye diseases causing blindness at present. According to statistics, there are more than 7 million blind people in China, of which about 8% are caused by corneal disease. The only hope for blindness caused by corneal disease is corneal transplantation. However, due to the lack of donor corneas, only 8,000 corneal transplantations are performed in China every year, and millions of patients can only pray for light in the dark. Therefore, early intervention for corneal diseases is crucial. "Protect the eyes and cherish the cornea" has become the focus of general concern in the society. In order to advocate the majority of ophthalmologists to pay attention to the prevention and treatment of corneal diseases, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association and Xingqi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. jointly held the 2010 Xingqi "Cherish Cornea" Cup prize-winning essay contest.

Aspherical intraocular lens (IOL) is a new type of IOL developed in recent years. The results of clinical application show that it has the effect of reducing total ocular aberration and improving functional vision [1-3].