Volume 46 ·  Issue 07 ·  2010

Degenerative fundus disease,occurred commonly in clinic,is one kind of incurable blind eye diseases and has become the"hot spot"and"difficulty spot" in research of prevention and treatment of findus disease.The common patholoGlcal characteristics of degenerative fundus disease are reduction of retinal nerve cells and disfunction of retina.To treat degenerative fundus disease,it is necessary to retain remaining retinal nerve cells and to prevent secondary cell death for reserving normal retinal function and preparing for regeneration of retinal nerve cells.To delay or stop progression of pathologyical changes,neuroprotection is mainly focused on changes of pathologyical process,and try to block stages of injury reactions.Composed of methods of neuropharmacology,non-drug methods of neuroprotection and antiapoptosis,effects of anti-apoptosis and promote survival coming from brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF),ciliary neurotrophic factor(CNTF),neurotrophin-3(NT-3),basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF),Bcl-2,etc,suggested the feasibility and effectivity of neuroprotection for treatment of degenerative fundus disease.The safety and effectivity of Phase I trial also suggest the promise of using encapsulated cell technology(ECT)as new technology for neuroprotective treatment of degenerative fundus disease.

Objective To investigate whether hyperglycemia affect the expression of glycosyltransferases and Enzyme-catalyzed glycosylation in the retina of diabetic rat.Method It was an experimental study.RT-PcR was used to analyze the mRNA level of six glycosyltransferases in the retina of steptozocin diabetic rats:Lectin blot assay with RCA-I was performed to investigate the level of Galβ 1→4GlcNAc or N-glycans on total retinal glycoproteins.Results mRNA level of six glycosyltransferases in the retina of streptocin diabetic rats and of normal rat is:O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase(0.1650±0.1160 versus 0.1160±0.036);UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta1,3-galactosyltransferase(0.0186±0.0122 versus 0.0152±0.0047);alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase(0.0040±0.0040 versus 0.0054±0.0022);mannoside acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1(0.0228±0.0166 versus 0.0187±0.0050);UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase(0.0129±0.0096 versus 0.0116±0.0040);UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase 1(0.0157±0.0010 versus 0.0081±0.0016).The mRNA level of UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase 2 was up-regulated in the retina of streptocin diabetic rats(t=6.847,P=0.002).Consistent with this,the level of Galβ 1→4GlcNAc of glycoproteins in streptocin diabetic rat's retina was strengthened compared with that in control rats.Conclusions The results from this study showed that Hyperglycemia could up-regulate the expression of UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 and strengthed the level of Galβ 1→4GlcNAc of glycoproteins in the retina of streptocin diabetic rats.Our initial results will contribute to the research for the relation between the Enzymecatalyzed Glycosylation and the etiopathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To determine the effect of methimazole(MMI)on retinal vascular development in the oxygen-induced retinopathy neonatal rat.Methods It Was an experimental study.Control and MMI-exposed newborn rats were raised either in room air or variable oxygen(40%/15%)every 24 hours until P14.All groups were then exposed to room air between postnatal day P14 and P18.Dams drank either tap water or water containing 0.1% MMI.Eyes in all groups were fixed,and retinas were dissected and stained with adenosine diphosphatase,then analyzed for retinal vasculal areas.vascular density,and NV incidence and severity.Serum IGF-1 level Was measured by radioimmunoassay.Body weight were measured every day.NV incidence between groups were analyzed with Chi-square tests.Ratio of peripheral avascular area to the whole retina area,vascular density,the nucleus of vascular endothelial cells breaking inner limiting membrane count and Serum IGF-1 level between groups were tested by One-Way ANOVA analysis and independent-samples t-test. Results Compared with untreated 40%/15% pups, 40%/15% newborn rats receiving MMI exhibited significant changes in NV incidence (26% : 57% ,x2= 4. 38 P = 0. 04 ) and the nucleus of vascular endothelial cells breaking inner limiting membrane count (33.17 ±3.06:65.64 ±3.85,t = 17.73,P =0.00). Ratio of peripheral avascular area to the whole retina area of MMI treated 40%/15% rats was 6. 37% ± 1.23% , and the development of retinal blood vessels in other groups reached periphery. Retinal NV was not found in MMI control retinas, although retinal vascular density was significantly lower (P<0.05) in MMI-treated pups (52.57 ±4.14) than in the control group (95.21 ±6. 17). Serum IGF-1 levels were markedly (P < 0. 05) reduced in MMI treated control rats (235. 94 ±29. 09) mg/L compared with untreated control animals (536. 43 ± 32. 65) mg/L and in MMI treated 40%/15% rats (227. 24 ± 19. 59) mg/L compared with untreated 40%/15% group (526. 50 ± 26. 83) mg/L. Compared with non-MMI pups, newborn rats receiving MMI exhibited significant growth retardation in body weight. Conculsions MMI aggravates NV in oxygen-induced retinopathy neonatal rats. This may be mediated by the initial suppression of serum IGF-1. The relationship between the temporal course of serum IGF-1 and NV in immature retinas needs further investigation.

Objective To investigate the intra-retinal expression of neuroglobin (Ngb) and death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in acute retina ischemia rats. Methods It was an experimental study. The acute retina ischemia model was established by specific hypodesised left retina artery of Sprague-Dawdey rats. Forty rats were divided into four groups (0, 15, 30, 60 min) by the time of retina ischemia. Every group has 10 rats, in one group random 3 rats were detected by Western blotting;4 rats were detected by ganglion cell counted by hematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemisty fluorescence intensity analysis. The rest 3 rats were detected by Western blotting. The difference among different data were analyzed statistically by One-factor analysis of variance and LSD-t analysis. Results The intra-retinal expression of Ngb reached maximum after acute ischemia 15 minute (P = 0. 000). then the expression began decreasing. After 30 minute acute ischemia, the expression of Ngb had approached normal (P =0.728), while, the cell number of RGCs began lower than 0 min group (P = 0.011) ; after 60 minute acute ischemia, the expression of Ngb had been obviously lower than 0 min group (P =0. 001), the cell number of RGCs had been further lower than 0 min group (P =0. 000). The expression of Ngb in RGCs layer was highest in rat retina. The expression in inner plexiform layer and external plexiform layer were lower than the former. The expression of Ngb RGCs was mostly intracytoplasm. After 30 minute acute ischemia, the expression of Ngb were detected in mitochondrial outer compartment and mitochondrial cristae, but in cytoplasm of inner nuclear layer and outer nuclear layer the Ngb was not found. Conclusion Ngb quickly steps-up when RGCs die in acute retina ischemia, and mainly expresses intracytoplasm of RGCs. It has tense relationships with nerve cells' survival in hypoxia.

Objective To research the Mn2+ toxicity in vivo rabbit retina. Mn2+ is used as a tracer in MRI. Methods It was an experimental study. Sixty pigmented rabbits (120 eyes) were divided into 5 groups randomly. Manganese chloride solution 25 μl of 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 mmol/L were injected intravitreally in one eye of each rabbit respectively as 5 experimental groups ( n = 12). The saline (0.9% ) 25μl was injected intravitreally in other eye of each rabbit as control group (60 eyes). After intravitreal injections, all eyes were examined by color fundus camera, fluorescent angiography, flash electroretinography, light microscopy, and thansmission electron microscopy on the 0th, 7th, and 28th day. Results On the 7th day after intravitreal injection, the average of the F-ERG b-wave amplitude was reduced significantly from 337 μV to 189 μV in the group of 15 mmol/L ( F = 20.43 ,P <0.05) , but the amplitude was returned to normal on the 28th day. On the 7th day after intravitreal injections, the F-ERG b-wave amplitude was reduced significantly in the group of ≥20 mmol/L, and the amplitude was not returned to normal on the 28th day. There were abnormal changes in the structure of the retina in ≥20 mmol/L group at difference time after intravitreal injections. Conclusion MnCl2 as a tracer in vivo optic nerve, the concentration of ≤15 mmol/L caused only reversible changes in retinal function; The concentration of ≥20 mmol/L appears, damages in retinal function and morphology appeared.

Objective To observe the early patholoGlcal changes and myelin axonal injury of optic nerve during the different stage in EAE mouse, which can provide the theoretical evidence for further therapy. Methods It was an experimental study. EAE was induced with synthetic peptides that represent aa 35 to 55 (MOG35-55) by immunizing C57BL/6 mouse; To observe the patholoGlcal change of optic nerve in normal group, EAE group post-immunization 7,11,15,19 d by morphology; The expression of β-APP proteins marked axonal injury and normal myelin proteins CNPase in normal group、 EAE group optic nerve after immunization 7,11,15,19 d were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results More and more serious inflammation occurred in the optic nerve of EAE group after immunization 7,11,15,19 d; The expression of CNPase proteins in the optic nerve of EAE group decreased post-immunization 11 d, so are in 15 d, 19 d, and the expression ofβ-APP proteins in the optic nerve of EAE group increased significantly from 7 d to 19 d post-immunization. Conclusion Inflammation in optic nerve of EAE mouse differ from early stage to peak stage after EAE induction; Axinal damage existing in the optic nerve of EAE mouse is independent on demyelination.

Objective To evaluated the predictive potential of kininogen-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6) for PVR. Methods Vitreous and serum samples were obtained from 24 PVR patients. Vitreous from 8 donated normal eyes, and serum samples from 20 healthy volunteers served as control Patients who underwent vitrecto my with C3F8 gas tamponade (n = 15) and silicone tamponade ( n = 8 ) and patients who experienced recurrent retinal detachment after scleral buckling surgery ( n = 8) were recruited for serum tests as well Western blot analysis was employed to detect the presence of kininogen-1 and IGFBP-6. The protein concentration was measured by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis. All date were analyzed with the SPSS 3.0 for Windows ( only-way analysis of variance and t test). Results Western blot analysis displayed that except that IGFBP-6 was absent in 2 PVR vitreous, both kininogen-1 and IGFBP-6 were otherwise found in all PVR vitreous and serum samples. Neither kininogen-1 nor IGFBP-6 can be detected in normal vitreous or serum samples. Protein expression was more intensive in severe PVR vitreous than in mild PVR vitreous, which was confirmed by a significantly higher concentration of each protein in sever PVR vitreous. The ELISA outcomes documented that kininogen-1 concentration in vitreous were significantly higher in severe PVR patients than those in mild PVR (281. 0 ± 63. 0 & 237. 5 ± 32. 1) μg/L( t = 5.44 ,P < 0. 05). Kininogen-1 was about 2 times higher in serum than in vitreous(443. 3 ± 190. 1) μg/L(t =5. 27,P <0. 05). At 6 months after vitrectomy with gas tamponade in 15 patients, their kininogen-1 level in serum was significantly lower than that of preoperation (81.9 ± 18. 6 & 443. 3 ±190. l)μg/L(t=5. 26,P<0. 05) and encircling failure group was (116. 8 ±45. l)μg/L, it was higher than that of normal and silicone tamponde groups (t = 3. 95,4. 34; P < 0. 05). Similarly, IGFBP-6 concentration in vitreous were significantly higher in severe PVR patients than those in mild PVR ( 352. 9 ± 64.4 & 283. 9 ±69. 9)ng/L (t =5.08,P <0. 05)and its level in serum was (185. 3 ±34. 9)ng/L and lower than that of in vitreous (t = 7.95, P < 0. 05 ) . At 6 months after vitrectomy with gas tamponade in 15 patients, their IGFBP-6 level in serum decreased comparing that of preoperation( 65.4 ± 31. 8 ) ng/L( t = 11. 10,P<0. 05)and encircling failure group was(109. 2 ±6. 6)ng/L,it was higher than that of normal and silicone tamponde groups(t = 3. 16,2.77 ;P <0. 05). Conclusions Kininogen-1 and IGFBP-6 are presented in serum and vitreous in PVR patients. The strength of protein expression is related to the severity of PVR. These results suggested that kininogen-1 and IGFBP-6 can be biomarkers for severe PVR.

Objective To certify the ability of retinal Müller cells for producing neural stem cells in vitro and to find a method that can aquire more retinal ganglion cells from these stem cells. Methods Müller cells were isolated from rat retina, and proliferating cells were expanded in serum-containing medium. The third or fourth passage of cells were identified by RT-PCR and Immunocytochemistry analysis. For dedifferentiation, the cultured cells were transferred to the sphere-culture medium composed of DMEM/F-12 supplemented with N2,bFGF and EGF. After 3-5 days, the culture media were substituted with BDNF,RA and 5% FBS and culture was continued for 7-10 days. At last, cells in this two stages were identified by immunocytochemical analysis. Results Approximately (95. 17 ±2. 68)% of cells in the culture were Miiller cells as revealed by expressing glutamate-spartate transporters (GLAST) and glutamine synthetase ( GS) immunoreactivities. RT-PCR analysis also revealed that the culture was enriched for Müller cells and not contaminated with other retinal cells. After 3-5 days cultured in the the sphere-culture medium, the Mttller cells became round and differentiate to neurospheres. (95. 26 ± 1. 35)% of cells in the neurosphere were positively reacted for Nestin,and (90. 33 ±4. 12)% for BrdU. Neurospheres cultured for 7-10 days with 5% FBS,BDNF and RA can redifferentiate to various new cells. And the expression of Thyl. 1 which is a marker of retinal ganglion cells was observed in (21. 14 ± 1. 49)% of these cells. Conclusions Adult rodent Müller cells can generate clonal neurospheres,which consist of proliferating and multipotent cells,and redifferentiate to ganglion cells. This study may provide a novel tool in the study on stem cells and contribute to therapies for neural regeneration in retina.

Objective To evaluate the changes of accommodative function after implantation of irisfixated phakic intraocular lens (IFPIOL) for correction of high myopia, and compared with gender and age matched emmetropes. This study also provides clinical basis for assessing the quality of life after implantation of the IFPIOL. Methods It was a case-control study. Iris-fixated in phakic intraocular lens implantation was performed in 23 eyes of 12 high myopic patients. Control group included 22 eyes in 11 emmetropes. All patients and controlled subjects had the same examinations including amplitude of accommodation, accommodative facility test, and negative/positive relative accommodation before, 1 month and 3 months after operation. Surgery was performed by the same surgeon. Randomized block design analysis of variance was applied to analyze accommodative function between the patients preoperative and postoperative, and two independent samples t-test was applied to analyze accommodative function between the control group and the patients. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results The mean amplitude of accommodation at 1 month and 3 months was (8. 90 ± 2. 13) D and (9. 10 ±1.72) D after IFPIOL implantation, respectively. Mean amplitude of accommodation after the operation was significantly greater than that from preoperative eyes ( 7. 35 ± 2. 20 ) D, ( F = 19. 88, P < 0. 01 ). Mean amplitude of accommodation at 3 months in eyes after IFPIOL implantation showed no significant difference (t = - 1.76, P = 0.09) as compared with the control group (10. 10 ±2.09) D. Mean accommodative facility at 1 month and 3 months after IFPIOL implantation was (8. 17 ± 2. 09) cyc/min and (8. 67 ± 1. 80) cyc/min, respectively. This was significantly increased from preoperative data which was (5. 67 ± 1. 53) cyc/min,(F = 64. 27, P < 0. 01). Mean accommodative facility at 3 months after IFPIOL implantation had no statistically significant difference (t = -6.29, P < 0. 01) as compared with the control group ( 14. 51 ± 3.81) cyc/min. In addition, mean positive relative accommodation (2.45 ± 0. 81) D was significantly greater than that in preoperative eyes ( 1. 61 ±0. 80) D, (F -6. 10,P = 0. 01 ) but, not significantly different (t = -2.83, P = 0. 01) from the control group ( 3. 89 ± 1. 49 ) D. Conclusions Patients can obtain physioloGlcal accommodative function after the implantation of IFPIOL for correction of high myopia. Moreover, the accommodative function increases with time and is stable. Nevertheless, accommodative function could not reach the level of normal emmetropic eyes. Longer-term results would be further observed.

：Purpose To comparevisual function in pseudophakic patients with bilateral implantation of Tecnis multifocalaspheric and conventional monofocal spherical intraocular lenses (IOL). Methods Aprospective study of 100 consecutive cases (200 eyes) was conducted. All cataract patientsunderwent phaocoemulsification were randomized to receive multifocal aspheric IOL ( TecnisZM900, AMO, multifocal aspheric group) or conventional spherical IOL ( Akreos Adapt,Bausch&Lomb, monofocal spherical group) . The following investigations were performedto assess the uncorrected and distance-corrected visual acuity of distance, intermediateand near distances, accommodative amplitude, spherical aberrations of total eye, contrastsensitivity, glare sensitivity and near stereoacuity. Patients were surveyed for visualdisturbances and lifestyle visual quality. The independent-samples t test waa used tocompare the measure data which met normal distribution and the Mann-Whitney U test wasused to compare the measure data which didn' t meet. The chi-square test was applied tocompare categorical variables. Results The uncorrected and distance-corrected bilateralvisual acuity of multifocal aspheric group at 30 cm and 40 cm were 0. 24 ± 0. 12 and 0.22 ± 0. 11 (logMAR) , better than monofocal spherical group ( Z = - 8. 261, P = 0. 000;Z= -5. 508, P =0.000), but the visual acuity at other distances had no statisticaldifference between two groups. Patients with multifocal aspheric IOL had significantlyhigher accommodative amplitude than those with monofcal spherical IOL, improved about 2. 3- 2. 8 D ( Z= -10. 655, P = 0. 000; Z =- 2. 709, P = 0. 007). Mean spherical aberration ofmultifocal aspheric group was ( 0. 027 ±0. 160) μm and (0. 006 ±0. 083)μm,significantly lower than that of monofocal spherical group (0. 269 ±0. 161) μm,(0.037 ±0.205) μm at 5 mm and 3 mm pupil diameter(Z= - 8. 815, P = 0. 000; Z = -2. 791, P = 0.005) . The difference of contrast sensitivity was not significant, but glare sensitivitywas higher for monofocal spherical group than for multifocal aspheric group. Multifocalaspheric group showed statistically better uncorrected stereoacuity (72.4 ± 29. 9 )" than monofocal spherical group (92. 8 ± 35. 7)" ( Z =-3. 089,P = 0.002) .Conclusions The present clinical results demonstrated that Tecnis multifocal asphericgroup had better near visual acuity, accommodative amplitude and near stereoacuity ascompared to conventional monofocal spherical group. The aspheric design reduced sphericalaberration of total eye and improved contrast sensitivity in some way.

Objective To investigate the effects of the small interfering RNA ( siRNA) approach to silence the expression of connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF) gene expression on the expression of the protein p27. Methods Experimental research. The specific siRNA of CTGF was designed and synthesized, then transfected into cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells by liposomes. The blank control group was only treated with the culture medium and not be transfected with siRNA. Reverse transfection-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was applied to show the effect of gene-silencing, and western blot was used to observe the protein p27 expression of bovine comeal endothelial cells, which were treated with 1. 00 μg/L transforming growth factor β2 ( TGF-β2 ). The results were analyzed by one-factor analysis of variance. Results CTGF siRNA was successfully transfected into cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells and effectively silence the expression of CTGF mRNA. The CTGF mRNA expression decreased to 17. 3% , 24.4% and 41.7% of control values at 24, 48 and 72 h after transfection, there was significant difference between these groups ( F = 389.9 ,P < 0.05 ). Significant decrease of protein p27 expression was detected at 36 h after transfection (F=299.3,P <0.05). Conclusion CTGF-specific siRNA was able to inhibit the expression of CTGF mRNA effectively and down-regulate the expression of p27.

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy, premature retinopathy, ischemic central retinal vein occlusion are a group of severe blinding eye diseases [1]. The growth of new blood vessels with bleeding, exudation, proliferation and other pathological changes seriously damage visual function, which is the primary cause of blindness in such eye diseases [2]. Current treatment such as retinal laser photocoagulation, freezing and vitrectomy itself destroy the normal tissue structure of retina, and the effect is not good.

Neuro-ophthalmology is a marginal discipline involving the interconnection between ophthalmology and neuroscience, and belongs to a branch of ophthalmology. Although the development of neuro-ophthalmology in China is still in its infancy, and the treatment of neuro-ophthalmology diseases mostly hangs between ophthalmology, neurology and surgery, in recent years, with the continuous development of related life sciences, basic medicine and various high-tech and equipment, neuro-ophthalmology has developed rapidly, and its connection with other sub-specialties is getting closer and closer.

The national continuing education project (No. 2010-07432.119) "Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Study Class" undertaken by Beijing Tongren Ophthalmology Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University is scheduled to be held in Beijing from September 11 to 15, 2010. Well-known domestic and foreign experts in this field will be invited to give wonderful lectures.

The patient was a 68-year-old male who came to Changchun Yinuo Eye Hospital on September 10, 2008 due to blurred vision and deformation of his left eye for 2 months. The eye examination showed that the visual acuity was 0.8 in the right eye and 0.15 in the left eye; the anterior segment of both eyes was normal; Right eye fundus normal; Clinical diagnosis: Retinoschisis combined with pigment epithelial detachment in left eye.

If the topic involved in the thesis is a national or ministerial or provincial fund or key project, the name of the fund project should be indicated with "Fund Project": as a logo at the beginning of the article, and the project number should be indicated in parentheses. The name of the fund project shall be filled in according to the official name stipulated by the relevant departments of the state, and a number of funds shall be listed in turn, separated by ";". All fund projects must be accompanied by copies of certificates.

Corneal disease is one of the main eye diseases causing blindness at present. According to statistics, there are more than 7 million blind people in China, of which about 8% are caused by corneal disease. The only hope for blindness caused by corneal disease is corneal transplantation. However, due to the lack of donor corneas, only 8,000 corneal transplantations are performed in China every year, and millions of patients can only pray for light in the dark. Therefore, early intervention for corneal diseases is crucial. "Protect the eyes and cherish the cornea" has become the focus of general concern in the society. In order to advocate the majority of ophthalmologists to pay attention to the prevention and treatment of corneal diseases, on the occasion of "National Eye Care Day" on June 6, 2010, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association and Xingqi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. jointly held the 2010 Xingqi "Cherish Cornea" Cup prize-winning essay competition.

In recent years, the concept of cataract refractive surgery has penetrated into the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cataract diseases. It is the higher pursuit of cataract surgeons to restore patients' vision like young people. Multifocal intraocular lens has attracted more and more attention of ophthalmologists because of its good clinical application effect. The aspherical AcrysofReSTOR +3.00D intraocular lens, which entered the clinic in 2009, can provide better far, middle and near vision for patients after cataract surgery. In order to promote the academic exchange between domestic ophthalmologists, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association and Alcon (China) Ophthalmic Products Co., Ltd. jointly held the 2010 Alcon "Full Vision" Cup prize-winning essay contest.

Glaucoma is one of the main eye diseases causing blindness in China. In recent years, the proportion of primary open-angle glaucoma in primary glaucoma has gradually increased. Studies have shown that up to 75% of glaucoma patients need combination medication, and the compliance of combination medication in glaucoma patients is poor, which is one of the important reasons that leads to further impairment of visual function and even poor blindness in glaucoma patients.

It is estimated that by 2010, the number of glaucoma patients in the world will exceed 60 million, and the number of blind people will be nearly 10 million. The World Health Organization (WHO) has made the prevention and treatment of primary glaucoma one of the key tasks of blindness prevention. In order to advocate the majority of ophthalmologists to pay attention to the prevention and treatment of glaucoma, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association and Alcon (China) Ophthalmic Products Co., Ltd. jointly held the 2010 Alcon "Healthy Intraocular Pressure" Cup prize-winning essay contest.

In order to improve the writing level of authors' medical papers, especially English medical papers, the English edition of Chinese Medical Journal of Chinese Medical Association is scheduled to hold the "National Medical Paper Writing Seminar" (Essence Class) in Beijing on the afternoon of August 11th, 2010. The seminar will invite Professor Christine Elaine, editor-in-chief of the internationally renowned journal AnnalsofIntemalMedicine, and domestic experts and senior editors with rich experience in paper writing to impart relevant knowledge and skills in paper writing and submission.

In order to advocate the majority of ophthalmologists to pay attention to "repairing damaged nerves and promoting vision recovery", Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology of Chinese Medical Association and Eisai (China) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. jointly held the 2010 Eisai Ophthalmology Award-winning essay contest.

Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology was founded on October 1, 1950. In the course of running the journal for nearly 60 years, there have been many twists and turns. From 1960 to 1964, due to natural disasters in the country and paper difficulties, it was suspended for the first time; From 1966 to 1978, it was forced to cease publication again due to the unrest until it resumed in the autumn of 1978. After more than half a century of ups and downs, several generations of ophthalmologists have paid hard work and sweat, and China Ophthalmology Journal has become the leading fine academic journal in China's ophthalmology community, which represents the national level externally and guides academic development internally.

The title should strive to be concise and eye-catching, which can accurately reflect the theme of the article. Chinese titles are generally within 20 Chinese characters, preferably without subtitles, generally without punctuation, and try not to use abbreviations. The meaning of Chinese and English titles should be consistent.

In order to implement the policy of combining popularization and improvement, Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology, while reporting major clinical and basic research results at home and abroad, pays attention to the actual needs of the majority of ophthalmologists and strengthens the practicality of the journal. In 2010, it continued to open the column of "Test Questions Analysis". This column invites authoritative ophthalmologists in China to make an accurate and in-depth analysis of all kinds of test questions in the ophthalmology question bank. Readers are welcome to pay attention to this column, actively read, and put forward suggestions and opinions.

Digital Object Unique Identifier (DOI) is a tool for identifying digital information including Internet information. In traditional publications, books, magnetic tapes and CD-ROM have international standard numbers (ISBN, ISSN, ISCN) and their barcodes as the unique identification of publications. These logos allow the publication to be effectively managed and easy for readers to find and utilize. Once the document on the Internet has changed the URL, there is no way to retrieve it.

Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology is a professional academic journal of ophthalmology sponsored by Chinese Medical Association. It targets ophthalmologists as the main readers, reporting leading scientific research achievements, clinical diagnosis and treatment experience in the field of ophthalmology, and basic theoretical research that has a guiding role in ophthalmology clinics and is closely integrated with ophthalmology clinics. The purpose of this journal is to implement the principles and policies of the Party and the state on health work, implement the principle of combining theory with practice, popularization and improvement, reflect the significant progress of clinical and scientific research in ophthalmology in China, and promote academic exchanges in ophthalmology at home and abroad.

The Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology was founded on October 1, 1950. It was sponsored by the Chinese Medical Association and edited by the Editorial Committee of the Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology. The editorial committee is composed of nearly 100 well-known ophthalmologists in China. The current editor-in-chief Zhao Kanxing and the editorial director Huang Yibin. The main readers of this journal are ophthalmologists across the country, and it is publicly distributed at home and abroad. China Standard Issue Number: ISSN0412-4081, CN11-2142/R; Postal Code: 2-60; National map code: M93.

Marginal corneal infiltration after excimer laser refractive corneal surgery is relatively rare and has not been reported in China.The author found a case of marginal corneal infiltration after excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), which is reported as follows.

With the extensive development of excimer laser corneal refractive surgery, the normal structure of the cornea after operation has changed to varying degrees, the corneal thickness has become thinner, and the intraocular pressure measured after operation cannot reflect the true intraocular pressure. Some diseases are easily masked by the postoperative intraocular pressure, which leads to misdiagnosis. A case of glaucoma cyclitis syndrome after excimer laser in situ keratomileusis, which was misdiagnosed as iritis, is reported as follows.

There are many literature reports on night blindness and keratomalacia caused by severe vitamin A deficiency [1-2], but fundus changes caused by vitamin A deficiency are rare. The reasons are, firstly, the existence of keratopathy affects the careful observation of fundus; Secondly, some children do not cooperate with fundus examination; Thirdly, some ophthalmologists are not familiar with this disease, and they are often misdiagnosed as white spots in the fundus, yellow spots in the fundus, drusen or white spot-like retinal degeneration.

cicatricial pemphigoid (cicatricial pemphigoid) is a rare chronic autoimmune disease that mainly involves the mucosa. The most frequently affected sites are the oral cavity, conjunctiva, skin, genital-anal area, and may also involve the nasopharynx, esophagus and larynx [1-2].

Cavernous hemangioma is the most common intraorbital tumor, accounting for about 10% ~23% of intraorbital tumors. This tumor has an intact envelope, is easy to remove by surgery, and has a good prognosis. Postoperative recurrence is very rare [1]. One case of recurrence was admitted to Tianjin Medical University Ophthalmology Center, and the report is as follows.

A 22-year-old male patient came to the Department of Ophthalmology of Peking University People's Hospital on June 24, 2008 due to intermittent congestion in his left eye for 2 months and discovered that his pupil was not round for more than 1 month. Anterior and lateral chest X-ray, abdominal color Doppler ultrasound, plain CT scan of the head and whole body bone imaging were no abnormalities. The results of 7 routine hematological tumor tests (alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, tumor antigen 125, tumor antigen 19-9, non-small cell lung cancer associated antigen, tumor antigen 15-3, neuronal enolase) were all (-), and the routine blood tests, leukocyte classification and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were all normal; Routine urine tests were normal.

The Affiliated Optometry Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Eye Hospital) was completed in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province in 1998. The hospital has set up 16 clinical specialties covering various fields of ophthalmology, optometry and vision science. It is a tertiary A-class ophthalmology hospital integrating medical treatment, teaching and scientific research. It is the cultivation base of the national key laboratory of optometry and vision science jointly built by the province and ministry, the national continuing medical education base of ophthalmology, the clinical base of the optometry research center of the Ministry of Health and the key laboratory of optometry of the Ministry of Health, the "most important" discipline of Zhejiang Province, and the engineering research center of modern optometry technology and equipment of the Ministry of Education.

Orbital disease is a large class of ophthalmic diseases.Because orbital disease can cause significant ocular changes such as exophthalmos, diplopia, ocular movement disorders, etc., clinicians often only focus on the examination and treatment of the primary diseases.However, some orbital diseases can be combined with secondary glaucoma, which are often neglected in clinic because of the covering of orbital diseases,so that the situation of intraocular hypertension cannot be controlled in time and effectively.Finally, it is necessary for ophthalmologists to deepen their understanding of glaucoma related to orbital disease, so as to avoid delaying the diagnosis and treatment, and thus protect the visual function of patients.