Volume 07 · Issue 02 · 2024

Neurons are polarized cells with a complex and unique morphology. Each specific type of neuron has distinct functional organelles and protein compositions. This compartmental complexity relies on adaptor protein (AP) complexes transporting intracellular components to target locations. Malfunctions in the AP complexes can result in a range of abnormalities in neurons that affect neuronal migration, axogenesis, dendritogenesis, neuronal protection, and neural differentiation. These abnormalities also have crucial consequences for the proper functioning of the nervous system. In this article, we review the neuronal functions of AP complexes and provide a comprehensive overview of their links to neurological diseases.

Disease epidemiology encompasses a wide range of health conditions, divided into communicable and noncommunicable diseases.

This systematic review investigates the intricate connection between genetic susceptibility and disease development within these categories. Understanding genetic factors is crucial for improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. The central research question is as follows: Which genes are linked to susceptibility to communicable and noncommunicable diseases, and how do these genetic elements affect susceptibility? We hypothesize that an exhaustive analysis of the literature will reveal numerous genes associated with both types of diseases, revealing the complex genetic landscape influencing susceptibility.

This systematic review follows a rigorous methodology, including comprehensive search strategies, well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, publication bias assessment, data extraction, quality evaluation, and data synthesis, adhering to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to ensure transparency and ethical presentation. Several databases, including PubMed, Embase, Springer Nature, AJOL, CrossRef, Scopus, and Web of Science, were systematically searched to retrieve published articles.

In communicable diseases, the genetic factors influencing susceptibility extend beyond well-established genes, warranting further investigation under conditions such as COVID-19, HIV, tuberculosis, and hepatitis B. Noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurological disorders, and metabolic disorders, offer promising avenues for exploring additional genetic variations. Research gaps include understanding the functional impact of the identified polymorphisms, their interaction with environmental factors, and their implications for rare diseases.

Genome-wide association studies and gene editing therapies have the potential to expand our understanding and therapeutic options for genetically based diseases. This comprehensive review contributes to the evolving landscape of genetic susceptibility and its implications for public health and personalized medicine.

Gastric cancer has a high incidence rate worldwide; it is particularly important to determine the therapeutic efficacy of available treatments and to determine the prognosis of gastric cancer due to its insidious onset and lack of specific symptoms in the early stage (most patients are diagnosed in the middle or late stage). Recent studies have revealed that altered expression of microRNAs plays a pivotal role in immune checkpoints and various cellular processes in gastric cancer. miRNAs have gradually become biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer because of their specificity and high sensitivity. In this article, we review the expression of miR-15a/16 and its therapeutic efficacy in gastric cancer and discuss its impact on signaling pathways and its prognostic importance to provide better clinical treatment options for patients.

Targeted gene therapy may revolutionize disease treatment by precisely treating genetic defects. This method targets particular cells or tissues with therapeutic genes to treat a variety of genetic problems, including cancer, hereditary diseases, and viral infections. Viral, nonviral, and genome editing techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 are used for targeted gene therapy to fix or modify disease-causing genes with minimal off-target effects. The issues of vector immunogenicity, off-target mutations, and gene delivery to target cells persist despite tremendous progress. The successful implementation of targeted gene therapy is further hindered by hereditary illness complexity and genetic background diversity. These difficulties require multidisciplinary cooperation, novel vector design, and thorough preclinical and clinical assessments. The long-term and unforeseen effects of gene editing must also be considered from an ethical viewpoint. Targeted gene therapy has considerable therapeutic promise, but more research and technological advances are needed to overcome limitations and develop safe and successful clinical treatments.

在研究文章《相关性PCSK1中国汉族人群非酒精性脂肪性肝病：一项病例对照观察研究”，作者发现了财政支持信息中的一些错误[1].本文正确的资助信息如下：