1987年 · 第100卷第06期

Dr. Wu Lien-teh伍连德 (1879-1960) was a distinguished Chinese epidemiologist and renowned pioneer of modern health work. He conducted campaigns to control plague pandemics in 1910-11 and 1920-21 in the Northeast and cholera epidemics. Later, he was appointed Director of the National Quarantine Services. In the early decades of this century, he initiated and supervised building of many medical institutions and hospitals. In this article, a brief biography of Dr. Wu and a resume of his main contributions to Chinese health are presented. Dr. Wu, a great personality who made outstanding achievements, has left us for 27 years, the author takes the opportunity to pay tribute once more to him.

With the rapid development of health services in our country, modern neurosurgery as a surgical specialty has achieved great advancement since liberation. It has been marked by the recent establishment of the Neurosurgical Society of the Chinese Medical Association with a network of its branch societies in the major cities of this country. The present delightful progress made in this field came into being as a result of several decades of arduous efforts made by many Chinese neurosurgeons and other relevant experts in neurosciences. Tribute should be paid to the forerunners, who contributed tremendously to the development of neurosurgery in our country with creative ideas, devotion and overcoming untiringly the difficulties.

Cytological characteristics of three main cellular elements in benign and malignant giant cell tumor of bone were investigated by cytochemistry, tissue culture, electron microscopy and microspectrophotometry. The macrophage (MØ), as identified by EA rosette assay, and the multinucleated giant cell (MGC) had similar enzyme activities, which differed from those of the non-rosette-forming cell (NRFC). MØ and MGC of malignant giant cell tumor of bone (MCCT) did not proliferate in vitro while its NRFC could maintain serial growth with concomitant formation of some multinuclear cells which are different from MCC in the certain aspects. Under both the light and electron microscope a small number of atypical MGCs were found in MGCT. Their nuclei varied in size and shape. The NRFC in MGCT showed more prominent atypical ultrastructural features. Part of the NRFCs had aneuploid DNA content above 4C (>4C), which is generally considered as the evidence of malignancy. Some nuclei in the MGCs of MGCT contained >4C DNA content, but not those in MGCs of benign giant cell tumor of bone. Usually, no aneuploidy was detected in MØ of all the samples with the exception of one MGCT sample. in which 10% MØ contains >4C-DNA content. In the in virro labelling, 3H-TdR labelled NRFC were in varying percentage, but labelled MØ and MGC were infrequently found. The circumstantial evidences suggest a close relationship exists between MØ and MGC, but NRFC presents neoplastic features. The atypical giant cells in MGCT might be of tumor origin.

Beijing has a total population of 9.5 million, of which 832 000 are children under 7 years of age. The principal measures of child health care in Beijing include: (1) registration of births, deaths of newborns and infants and infectious diseases; (2) health education with special emphasis on scientific child rearing and prevention of infectious diseases; (3) improvement of neonatal care: (4) regular physical check-ups; (5) immunization according to schedule; and (6) screening of mental development. Much progress has been made as evidenced by marked decreases in the incidences of malniutrition and infectious diseases, significant lowering of neonatal and infant mortality rates and better child physical and mental development.

Pathology is an old branch of medical science. It has a history of more than 300 years. The progressively accumulated wealth or data on morbid anatomy and histopathology has greatly expanded our understanding of morphology and pathogenesis of different kinds of diseases. The development of diagnostic pathology is of great benefit to the correct diagnosis and treatment of the vast majority of diseases.

The indications and results of various resections for lung cancer were evaluated, basing on the experience in 748 patients treated surgically from 1961 through 1982. Of this series there was an overall resectability rate of 80.3%, a resection mortality rate of 1.2%, and an overall 5-year survival rate of 42.0%. Regular lobectomy, currently the most commonly used or standard procedure for lung cancer was done in 445 (74.0%) cases, with an operative mortality of 1.1% and a 5-year survial rate of 42.2%. Bronchoplastic lobectomy was performed in 67 (11.2%), with an operative mortality of 1.5% and a 5-year survival rate of 54.1%. As a surgical procedure for lung cancer it is highly evaluated. Pneumonectomy was done in only 74 (12.3%), with an operative mortality of 1.4% and a 5-year survival rate of 35.3%, and was reserved almost exclusively for patients who have adequate cardiopulmonary function and in whom, for technical or oncologic reasons, radical eradication of the tumor could not be accomplished with a lesser extent of resection. Emphasis is made on the strict indications for each mode of resection, and on the principle of maximal cancer eradication and maximal conservation of functional lung tissue.