Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important clinical pathogen. Besides sinusitis and otitis media, it is also the first pathogen that causes meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis and other serious diseases[1]。 In addition, infections caused by S. pneumoniae often lead to serious sequelae, such as the neurological sequelae of suppurative meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae ranging from 30% to 52%, including hearing loss, focal neurological deficits, and cognitive dysfunction[2]。 At the same time, the high mortality rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae disease cannot be ignored. According to WHO data in 2005, there are 1.6 million deaths caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae infection worldwide every year, of which 700,000 to 1 million are children under the age of 5, mostly from developing countries[3]。 Statistics show that 13% to 53% of S. pneumoniae can cause community-acquired pneumonia in children, and 7% to 9% can cause bacterial meningitis in China[4,5,6]； In addition, China is one of the countries with the largest number of infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae worldwide, accounting for 12% of global cases; It is also one of the countries with the highest number of deaths from Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in children under the age of 5[7]。
