2016年 · 第51卷第02期

Angiosarcoma is a rare soft tissue malignant tumor, which occurs in the skin and superficial tissues of the head and neck, accounting for about 2% of soft tissue sarcomas. Angiosarcoma occurring in the female reproductive system is particularly rare, and ovarian angiosarcoma accounts for only 1% of reproductive system angiosarcomas^[1]。 Primary ovarian angiosarcoma is highly malignant, with rapid disease progression and poor prognosis^[2]。 At present, most of the domestic and foreign literature reports are case reports, and there is no mature treatment plan, and most of them are surgery combined with chemotherapy. On February 25, 2015, a patient with primary ovarian angiosarcoma was admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University People's Hospital. Now, the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of this disease are discussed in combination with literature review.

It is known that HPV, especially persistent high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection is an important cause of cervical cancer, especially HPV16 is the most common^[1]。 However, HPV is not the only contributor to cervical cancer. In recent years, the synergistic action of HPV infection and microRNA (miRNA) leads to the development of cervical cancer is the focus of researchers. Among them, miRNA 203 (miR-203) is an important miRNA that has been discovered in recent years and is involved in tumorigenesis and development, and has the role of tumor suppressor gene^[2,3,4,5,6]。 Previous studies of our research group found that the expression of miR-203 in HPV16-positive cervical cancer tissues was down-regulated compared with normal cervical tissues; In addition, in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cell line Caski cells, up-or down-regulation of miR-203 expression can cause changes in cell apoptosis, proliferation and migration ability. However, the target gene of miR-203 in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells and its mechanism of action have been rarely reported. Some studies have suggested that the Δ N isomer of p63 gene (Δ Np63) is a potential target gene of miR-203. This study investigated whether miR-203 regulates the abnormal expression of the potential target gene Δ NP63 in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells, and aimed to explore the possible mechanism of HPV16 infection leading to the occurrence and development of cervical cancer.

With age, female fertility decreases. Ovarian reserve is a key factor in determining the length of a woman's childbearing age. Ovarian reserve refers to the potential of follicles within the ovary to develop into fertilizable oocytes, affected by the quantity and quality of oocytes^[1]。 Age is the most commonly used and critical reference indicator for evaluating ovarian reserve. However, in some special populations, age does not represent the true state of ovarian function, such as patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and premature ovarian failure (POF). Patients with PCOS have more antral follicle count (AFC) and better ovarian reserve, while patients with POF have a significantly shorter childbearing period due to premature depletion of oocytes or insufficient congenital reserve. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately evaluate ovarian reserve function with the help of other laboratory indicators, especially in adolescent and early childbearing age population, for the diagnosis and treatment of common reproductive endocrine diseases, fertility guidance and timely intervention.

Balance of intracellular sphingolipid metabolism is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. sphingosine kinase (SphK) 1 is a sphingosine metabolic enzyme, which is the rate-limiting enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism balance. Recent studies have shown that SphK 1 is an oncogenic enzyme, which is closely related to cell proliferation, transformation and tumor cell survival, invasion and migration. This paper reviews the research progress of SphK 1 biological function and its relationship with ovarian epithelial cancer (ovarian cancer).

According to WHO statistics, 6 million of the world's more than 6 billion people die of malignant tumors every year, and about 10 million new cases occur every year. Among them, the incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer (ovarian cancer) ranks second among gynecological tumors, and the mortality rate ranks first^[1,2]。 Worldwide, about 200,000 people are diagnosed with ovarian cancer every year, and about 125,000 people die from it^[3]。 The onset of ovarian cancer is occult, and more than 70% of ovarian cancers have metastasized when diagnosed. The 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced ovarian cancer is only about 30%^[4]。 In recent years, many epidemiological statistics and experimental studies have found that obesity and adipokines are related to the pathogenesis, invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer. This paper summarizes the current related research.

Preterm birth is the leading factor in neonatal mortality and morbidity. Although the data of recent years show that the outcome of premature infants has improved, more reasons are attributed to the use of prenatal glucocorticoids and the improvement of neonatal treatment, including the use of pulmonary surfactants and the improvement of neonatal mechanical ventilation methods; However, the primary and secondary preventive measures for premature birth have not significantly reduced the premature birth rate. The premature birth rate reported in the United States is slightly less than 12%, and that in China is 5% ~15%, of which about 80% are spontaneous premature births. Therefore, the primary and secondary prevention of spontaneous premature birth is still a difficult problem in obstetrics. At present, premature birth is often predicted clinically by medical history and high-risk factors, combined with cervical assessment by vaginal ultrasound, and progesterone is used preventively^[1]Cervical cerclage^[2]Both have achieved certain efficacy in the prevention of spontaneous preterm birth, but the current evidence believes that both are not always effective, especially the application of cervical cerclage in twin pregnancy is not only ineffective, but may increase the risk of preterm birth in twin pregnancy before 35 gestational weeks, and the operation will also bring some complications (such as fever, infection, etc.) and increase the rate of cesarean section^[3,4]。 In recent years, cervical tray has become a research hotspot because of its non-invasive, small side effects and easy operation. This article talks about the clinical application of cervical tray to prevent spontaneous premature birth as follows.