2021年 · 第44卷第11期

In the column of "Discussions", Lu Yinghong et al., in the article "Comparative Study on the Differences of Intestinal Flora and Biomarkers between Tuberculosis Patients and Healthy People", took 88 active tuberculosis patients admitted to three designated medical institutions for tuberculosis in Sichuan, Jiangsu and Shanghai from September 2017 to September 2019 as the case group. At the same time, 62 healthy people without tuberculosis history were recruited as the control group from the local physical examination population. The fecal samples of the two groups were detected and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. It was believed that there were differences in intestinal flora between active tuberculosis patients and healthy people, and specific flora had the potential to be used as biomarkers to distinguish the two groups.

The 2021 National Tuberculosis Academic Conference was grandly held in Chengdu, Sichuan Province from July 21 to 25. This conference was sponsored by Chinese Medical Association and Tuberculosis Branch of Chinese Medical Association, hosted by Sichuan Medical Association, Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Beijing Chest Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, and co-organized by Beijing Institute of Tuberculosis Thoracic Tumor, Clinical Center for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control of China CDC, Beijing Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Innovation Alliance, Tuberculosis Research and Training Cooperation Center of World Health Organization, Tuberculosis Medical Research Center of Capital Medical University, and Tuberculosis Special Committee of Sichuan Medical Association. More than 2,000 experts from 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government jointly launched the largest academic exchange activity with the largest number of participants and the richest content in the field of tuberculosis prevention and control in China since the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. The theme of this conference is "Learning from History and the Present, Preventing and Treating Tuberculosis", which aims to draw wisdom and strength from the century-old history of the Party, maintain integrity, innovation, inheritance and development, and make unremitting efforts to improve China's tuberculosis prevention and control ability, end the tuberculosis epidemic, and achieve the goal of a healthy China.

BACKGROUND & PURPOSE:Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) has a high mortality rate, and there is no specific drug. Lung transplantation may be a potential therapeutic measure to save the lives of patients with AE-ILD, but its position and role in the treatment of AE-ILD have not been established. This study compared the differences in outcomes after lung transplantation between patients with AE-ILD and patients with stationary ILD. Methods: The prognosis of patients with AE-ILD admitted to our center between 2015 and 2018 and those with ILD who underwent lung transplantation during the stationary phase of ILD during the same period was retrospectively analyzed. The mortality rate of patients with AE-ILD during hospitalization and the mortality rate of patients with ILD 1 year after lung transplantation were observed. Results: A total of 53 patients with AE-ILD (25 patients undergoing lung transplantation) and 67 patients with ILD undergoing lung transplantation in stable phase were included. Twenty-five patients with AE-ILD who underwent lung transplantation had zero mortality during hospitalization, compared with 43% in patients with AE-ILD who did not receive lung transplantation; Among patients undergoing lung transplantation, the 1-year mortality rate of patients with AE-ILD and ILD undergoing lung transplantation in stable phase was comparable (96% vs. 92.5%); The two groups were also comparable in terms of primary graft failure, length of hospital stay after lung transplantation, and acute cellular rejection. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in overall survival rate, primary graft failure and acute cellular rejection in patients with ILD after lung transplantation in acute exacerbation or stationary phase; Lung transplantation may be a treatment option for some patients with AE-ILD.

The literature reports the presence of pulmonary hypertension in up to 86% of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), and precapillary pulmonary hypertension due to ILD is classified as group 3 according to the WHO classification of pulmonary hypertension. Despite the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with ILD, there is still a lack of targeted treatment and the efficacy is poor. Although there have been reports of drugs approved for the treatment of one group of pulmonary hypertension applied to three groups of patients with pulmonary hypertension, the available drugs and use data are limited. A large clinical study evaluating the effect of riociguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, in 3 groups of patients with pulmonary hypertension was stopped early due to serious adverse reactions. There is a current study of treprostinil in the treatment of ILD-associated pulmonary hypertension (INCREASE).