2019年 · 第99卷第38期

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. Its incidence ranks third in the world, and its mortality ranks second in the world. It is the digestive system malignant tumor that accounts for the first morbidity and death in the world^[1]Seriously threatening the lives and health of the people. Recently, with the westernization of lifestyle and diet structure in China, the incidence of colorectal cancer is on the rise^[2,3,4]It has become the second-ranked malignant tumor in the digestive system and the first-ranked prevalence in China^[5,6]。 In 2018, it is estimated that there will be more than 521,000 new cases of colorectal cancer and about 248,000 deaths in my country. Both new and deaths are close to 30% of the world's colorectal cancer cases in the same period^[7]The burden of disease is heavy. Therefore, reducing the mortality and morbidity of colorectal cancer in China is not only an urgent and key clinical issue, but also a concrete measure to realize the grand strategy of "Healthy China" in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) -associated vasculitis (ANCA-associated vasculitis, AAV) is a group of systemic small vessel vasculitis characterized by the ability to detect ANCA in serum. 1982 Davies et al.^[1]This new IgG class antibody was unexpectedly discovered during the study of autoantibodies in the serum of patients with segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis, which can react with normal human neutrophils. 1985 Van der Wonder et al.^[2]This similar autoantibody was found in the sera of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), and ANCA was gradually widely recognized. 1988 Falk et al.^[3]It is found that there are two types of ANCA positive fluorescence staining models, one is the perinuclear pattern (P-ANCA) that produces yellow-green fluorescence around the cell nucleus, and the other is the cytoplasmic pattern (C-ANCA) that produces scattered granular fluorescence in the cytoplasm. It is also found that myeloperoxidase (MPO) is the target antigen of P-ANCA. In 1990, proteinase 3 (PR3) was confirmed as a target antigen of C-ANCA^[4]。 Since then, more ANCA target antigens have been gradually discovered, and ANCA has also been found to be closely related to the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and prognosis of some small vessel vasculitis. The 2012 Chapel Hill Consensus Conference (CHCC) proposed a new classification of vasculitis^[5]Encompasses granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA; formerly known as WG), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA; formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome) and other small vessel vasculitis are classified as AAV, further proving the important role of ANCA in the pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment of AAV. With the deepening of the research on AAV, the call for classifying AAV according to the different target antigens of ANCA is also increasing. Therefore, it is more important to detect ANCA in a timely and accurate manner.