Tuberculosis is a serious threat to human health. At present, there are about 10.4 million new active tuberculosis patients and about 1.4 million deaths every year in the world. More than 1/3 of the world's population has been infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. At the same time, with the increase of co-HIV infection and multi-drug resistance cases, the global situation of tuberculosis prevention and control remains grim[1,2]。 10-kDa culture filtrate protein (CFP-10) is encoded by the region of difference 1 (RD1) Rv 3874 of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome, and the RD1 region appears only in pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Other mycobacteria and bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) do not express CFP-10, which is a specific protein antigen for tuberculosis diagnosis[3]。 CFP-10 can induce proliferation and production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with positive skin test of tuberculosis purified protein derivative (PPD)[4]。 This study was based on whole genome expression profiling chip to detect the changes of gene expression profiles of CD4+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of tuberculosis patients before and after CFP-10 stimulation, and to explore the release of IFN-γ, which provided a molecular biological basis for further research on the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.