2016年 · 第39卷第06期

anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is the most concerned hormone indicator in the field of reproductive health in recent 10 years. It is composed of two dimeric monomers with relative molecular mass of 72,000, homodimeric glycoprotein linked by disulfide bond, and belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. The synthesis of female AMH is derived from follicular granulosa cells in the early stage of follicular development, and is a crucial hormone for the regulation of follicular maturation^[1]。 AMH can reflect the number of ovarian sinus follicles and pre-sinus follicles (ovarian reserve) and assess ovarian function. Determination of serum AMH levels is of great significance in the evaluation of gonadal function and related diseases. Although routine hormone detection items (follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, etc.) have been widely used in clinical practice, these hormones all change with the change of menstrual cycle, and AMH is stable expressed in different physiological cycles, so the detection is more convenient and has a wider application prospect in clinical practice.

The diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection is mainly based on fluorescence quantitative PCR method to detect HBV DNA and hepatitis B virus immunological indexes. The routine detection of serum anti-HBc total antibody is mainly serum anti-HBc-IgG, including anti-HBc-IgM, which is a well-known problem. The existing literature has reported that anti-HBc-IgM occurs in the acute phase of HBV infection and gradually subsides after about 5 weeks. Its presence suggests hepatitis B virus replication; Anti-HBc-IgG is produced approximately 1 to 2 months after hepatitis B virus infection; Anti-HBc-IgM has been recognized as a valuable marker for the diagnosis of acute hepatitis B (AHB)^[1,2]However, 20% of active patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen can sometimes be positive for anti-HBC-IgM. And these patients can be misjudged as AHB^[3,4]While AHB is more likely to be diagnosed as CHB. For this reason, anti-HBc – IgM diagnosis is of high significance for distinguishing AHB from CHB in HBV-infected patients.

IFN – γ release test (IGRA) is now widely used in the clinical diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Myobacterium tuberculosis, MTB) infection. IGRA stimulates peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce IFN-γ by using the antigen expressed by MTB instead of bacillus Almette-Guérin (BCG) strain, which can avoid the interference of BCG vaccination on the test results, so it has high specificity and high sensitivity. Its significance in the diagnosis of tuberculosis is being confirmed by more and more clinical trials, especially in countries with high incidence of tuberculosis such as China, where BCG vaccine is widely inoculated^[1]。 However, because the intensity of γ-interferon release is affected by the immune status of the tested population, such as autoimmune diseases, CD4^＋Decreased number of T cells, use of immunosuppressants, chronic liver disease, hypoalbuminemia, etc. can lead to uncertainty in IGRA ELISA results^[2,3]。 At the same time, due to the high testing cost and high technical requirements, it is difficult to apply in primary hospitals. These defects all require newer testing methods.

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human opportunistic pathogen and the leading pathogen of nosocomial infection at present^[1]It is the main pathogenic bacteria that cause skin and soft tissue infections, especially the global epidemic of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 1980s, which is closely related to the occurrence of skin and soft tissue infections^[2]。 Against Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureusMRSA) molecular typing is an important means to study and analyze the transmission, pathogenesis and evolution of this pathogen. Staphylococcus aureus can secrete a large number of pathogenic factors such as virulence, enzymes and other components of bacteria itself, which makes it more pathogenic. Therefore, the study of molecular characteristics, drug resistance spectrum and pathogenic factors of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA can block its transmission in hospital and community, and provide a theoretical basis for clinicians to treat its infection.