2015年 · 第95卷第11期

In recent years, cardiac CT imaging technology has become more and more mature, and its examination methods include not only coronary CT angiography, but also new technologies such as myocardial CT perfusion and CT blood flow reserve fraction. As a non-invasive examination method, the application value of cardiac CT in coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is no longer simply to evaluate the presence of plaque and the degree of luminal stenosis in coronary arteries, but more emphasized on predicting the risk of sudden cardiovascular events and guiding the clinical selection of appropriate revascularization opportunity.

Ischemic cerebrovascular disease causes a high rate of disability, death and recurrence of stroke, which causes a great economic burden to families and society^[1,2,3]。 More and more clinical studies have shown that endovascular interventional therapy can significantly reduce the disability, mortality and recurrence rate of stroke in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, as an important treatment for ischemic cerebrovascular disease, endovascular therapy has attracted much attention.

perforator flap (perforator flap) has been developed continuously^[1,2,3]It has created a new era of miniaturization, refinement, thinning and minimally invasive skin flaps, and has gradually become the main skin flap in microscopic repair and reconstruction surgery, which is more and more widely used in clinical practice. At present, there are very detailed research data on the anatomical location, tube diameter, pedicle length, nutritional range of perforator flap, and the connection mode between perforators^[4]The "Gent consensus" on the naming of perforator flaps was reached at a special meeting held in Ghent, Belgium, in 2001^[5]Perforator Flaps: Anatomy, Technique, and Clinical Applications and Saint-Cyr et al.^[6]The proposed concept of "perforasome" has greatly standardized and promoted the development of perforator flap, which also indicates that the development of perforator flap has gradually matured and entered a new development period.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, and its mortality rate is second only to gastric cancer and lung cancer^[1,2,3]。 Hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the preferred palliative treatment for intermediate and advanced HCC^[1,2]。 The embolic material has been a hot spot in clinical research. In recent years, various microsphere embolization agents have been developed rapidly and achieved good curative effect^[4,5,6]。 Microspheres are defined as tiny spheroids, spheres, or spheroids formed of polymer materials, generally between 1 and 900 μ m in diameter, wherein the diameter<500 nm called nanomicrospheres^[7]。 According to the properties and functions of microspheres, they can be divided into two categories: simple microspheres and carrier microspheres. Faced with numerous embolization microspheres, how to individually select embolization materials has become a new problem. Therefore, this article reviews the characteristics, clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of microspheres commonly used in clinic.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary craniocerebral tumor in adults, accounting for approximately half of primary craniocerebral tumors^[1]。 Despite the combined treatment of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis of glioblastoma patients is still not ideal. The median survival time is only 14.6 months, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 10%^[2,3]。 In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has developed rapidly, and related clinical trials have achieved exciting results. In 2010, sipuleucel-T, a vaccine targeting prostate acid phosphatase, and ipilimumab, a human monoclonal antibody to the immunosuppressive target CTLA-4, were respectively approved for the treatment of prostate cancer and advanced melanoma^[4,5]。 Similarly, immunotherapy has shown good efficacy in clinical and preclinical studies of glioma, and is expected to become a new treatment in addition to surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other treatments.