1985年 · 第98卷第10期

This paper deals with an enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay for the detection of IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. The test was shown to be highly specific and sensitive. 109 hepatitis cases and HBsAg carriers were examined. Fifteen of 57 acute hepatitis cases, 16 of 24 chronic persistent hepatitis cases, 8 of 14 chronic active hepatitis cases, and 7 of 14 carriers were positive. GMT of IgM anti-HBc in early acute hepatitis cases (≥10-5) was significantly higher than that in chronic hepatitis cases(10-3.1) and carriers (10-2.45). The IgM anti-HBc could be classified into three types according to their serum reactions. IgM anti-HBc in high titer was of significant value. The dynamics of IgM anti-HBc and the comprehensive analysis of the HBV marker were emphasized. The use of IgM anti-HBc in diagnosis of hepatitis B is discussed.

Six kinds of antigens from the eggs and adult worms of schistosoma japonicum were isolated. They included adult microsomal antigen (JAMA), aqueous soluble egg antigen (SEA), urea-soluble egg antigen (JEU) and its further fractionated products (JEC1-3). They were analyzed by sodium polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), enzyme-linked immuno-electro-transfer blot (EITB) and kinetic-dependent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (K-ELISA). They were quantitatively assayed by K-ELISA for specific antigenic activities against sera of 39 patients with schistosomiasis japonica. The sera of patients with diseases other than schistosomiasis and 10 healthy adults were tested simultaneously as control. JEC3 was antigenically more active (Δ A460/min×10-2) than other antigens. Determinatin of the specific antibody (IgG) levels of S. japonicum by using JEC3, etc as diagnostic antigens in 30 chronic patients revealed that the level of anti-JEC3 antibody was the highest (11.7±0.7Δ A460/min×10-2). EITB test showed that only JEC3 exhibited no cross reactivity with sera from patients with paragonimiasis and clonorchiasis sinensis, and that all positive bands of JEC3 disappeared in patients cured of chronic schistosomiasis. These findings suggest that JEC3 might become a more satisfactory antigen in the serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica.

Male rats were treated with an antifertility dose of gossypol acetic acid (30 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. Gossypol had no effect on the ability of the pituitary to respond to LHRH in vivo, the ability of the testis to respond to LH in vivo and the ability of testicular interstitial cells to respond to LH in vitro. These data show that gossypol does not interfere with hormonal regulation along the "hypothalamo-pituitary-testis" axis of male rats.

Five serum markers of viral hepatitis B (HBV) infection including HBsAg (RPHA), anti-HBs (PHA), anti-HBc (ELISA), HBeAg and anti-HBe (ELISA) were tested in chronic and late cases of schistosomiasis and in natural population. HBV infection (any marker positive) rate in late cases was 54.55%, significantly higher than that in chronic early cases (15.52%) and natural population (8.08%). At the same time, the liver function tests were performed in the late cases, showing that the liver injury in HBV infection cases was more significant than in those with no infection. This suggested that late cases after HBV infection had a more serious form of schistosomiasis.

Modified acetabuloplasty was performed in 61 patients (74 hips) with congenital dislocation of the hip between 1977 and 1984. The results of this operation were satisfactory in 87.8% of the hips. The techniques, indications for the operation, and the management before and after operation were described in detail. It is proved that the modified acetabuloplasty is simple, safe and effective in the treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip.

The formation of insoluble "bilirubin-calcium compound" followed the principles of solubility product, i.e. (UCB). (Ca2+)2=Ks' (conditional equilibrium constant). When the concentration of cholate exceeded 1 mM, it would combine with calcium to form a soluble compound, resulting in a decrease of calcium ion concentration. This reaction was reversible and might be helpful in stabilizing the calcium ion concentration. There was a negative correlation between the concentration of cholic acid and calcium ion and also between the cholic acid concentration and the ratio of ionized calcium to total calcium in 41 samples of human bile. The cholic acid concentration in bile of gallstone patients was lower and the calcium ion concentration was higher than those in bile of controls. Besides, the micella of bile salts might be able to enclose and isolate the unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) partially from calcium ion. Thus, the formation of "bilirubin-calcium compound" precipitate was inhibited. Study on the effect of eight bile components, i.e. UCB, bile salts, calcium, magnesium, pH, lecithin, cholesterol, and glycoprotein on the precipitation of bilirubin in imitating bile revealed that the higher the cholate or cholesterol concentration in imitating bile, the less the bilirubin in precipitate; and the more the other components in bile, the more the bilirubin in precipitate. Regression equation was established be tween these bile components and the amount of bilirubin in precipitate, suggesting that the discriminant distinguishing the lithogenic bile from nonlithogenic one might be a polyfactor function. A function including UCB, total calcium, and bile salts was used in 16 samples of human choledochal bile to predict lithogenic ability, a coincident rate being 81.3%. Using this function, we would be able to investigate the effect of bile components on pigment gallstone formation both qualitatively and quantitatively.

The incidence of retinoblastoma among the group of 5-14 years of age was 14.2%. Retinoblastoma could not be precluded on the basis of a prolonged amaurotic cat's eye period and relatively quiescent appearance, neither could the extraocular growth of the malignant tumor be judged according to the length of cat's eye period or the level of intraocular tension, for a few normotensive cases were found with their optic nerves invaded by tumor cells. 11.7% were bilateral. So the contralateral examination should be made pre-operatively. Lymph node enlargement does not necessarily speak for metastasis; in fact, it was found in all stages of tumor development. Exceptional case has been found with enlarged optic foramen in whom the optic nerve was normal in appearance and pathologically. In 26.7% cases, when the optic nerves were found to be thickened in enucleation, no tumor cells were found pathologically. It was stressed that appropriate sectioning length of the optic nerve should be cut at first operation; burn by hot compress gauze during operation be avoided; the conjunctival incision be well-coadapted; and prosthetic eye should be fit on in time.

The effects of narcotics on the heart conduction system were studied in 51 rabbits. It was found that at equal efficacy dosages, the effects of high dose morphine, pethidine and fentanyl on the heart conduction system differ. Morphine 3 mg/kg injected iv did not influence the heart conduction system; fentanyl 30 μg/kg might improve both sinus node automaticity and sino-atrial conduction and pethidine 30 μg/kg might seriously harm the heart conduction system. So fentanyl may be an ideal narcotic in patients with sick sinus syndrome. But when the dosage of fentanyl was increased to 75 μg/kg, the sinus node was inhibited. The degree of pethidine effect upon the heart conduction system depends upon the dosage and rate of injection. The effects of controlled hypotensors on the heart conduction system were studied in 48 dogs. Trimethaphan (TMTP), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) nitro-glycerine (NG) and phentolamine (PA) were dripped iv respectively to lower the blood pressure by 30-40%. Five and 60 minutes after TMTP administration the atrio-ventricular junction was in inhibited and at 60 minutes the sino-atrial conduction was also inhibited. NG had no influence on the heart conduction system but SNP might inhibit the sinus node automaticity PA may also inhibit the sino-atrial conduction, so this agent contraindicated in patients with sick sinus syndrome or sino-atrial block.

A retrospective esophageal cancer (EC) survey was conducted in 1979 in Yangcheng County, the highest EC incidence area in Shanxi Province. The results revealed EC patients were concentrated in 8.19% of the 81,388 families in the county. Of the families with EC patients, 58% were single case families and 42% multiple case families. Of 11,446 deaths due to EC, 46%, were from the former and 54% from the latter. Of families with multiple cases, 65.18% had EC patients in 2 successive generations and 6.01% hand EC patients in 3 successive generations. In 63.78% of 475 parental couples who died of EC, EC patients could be found on both paternal and maternal sides or on either side. According to the data obtained in our survey, we are of the opinion that the proneness of the people to develop EC in this area lies in inherited susceptibility.