Volume 54 · Issue 01 · 1938

Several reports on the studies of Chinese citrus fruits have been published. Most of them deal with the native products of Fukien, Kwangtung and Chekiang provinces. Our present investigations concern themselves with the Hunan varieties. Historically, Hunan is probably the earliest province which cultivated oranges in China. This is proved by the fact that the name, Chü (�? was found as early as in Lee Sow (离骚橘颂) which was written by the famous lyric author, Chü Yuan (屈原), a native of Hunan.

From our previous experiment we learn by chemical determination that in winter months the juice of the Hunan Kwang Chü (湖南廣橘) contains more ascorbie acid (1.4 times) than that of the Sunkist orange. We are, therefore, interested to know whether its biological activity agrees with that of the chemical findings.

One of the most important subjects considered by the Rural Hygiene Conference convened by the League of Nations at Bandoeng in Angust 1937 was the control of Malaria.

In carcinoma of the urinary bladder bone metastasis is rare. Ewing (1) stated that metastases though uncotmnon m malignant papilloma of the urinary bladder had been observed in liver, lung, pleura, kidney, and inguinal and axillary lymph nodes. Bone metastasis was not mentioned. Colston (2) conceded that metastasis to the bone from carcinoma of the urinary bladder did undoubtedly occur, but in his experience it was rare. Cabot (3) believed that metastasis in carcinoma of the urinary bladder was a late event, and that it occurred primarily in the regional lymph nodes.

Haemangioma is considered a rare occurrence among the vesical tumors. A brief survey of the literature reveals that the reported cases make a total of something over thirty. In 1922, Scholl collected ten cases from the literature, and reported three of his own from among a series of 262 bladder tumors. In 1926, Katz found eight other cases in the literature besides those mentioned above, and added a case see.i by himself. In 1930, Hamer and Mertz added a case, in 1932 Ballenger and his co-workers reported one case, and recently Rathbun (1937) added another case and clarified one that had been reported by Judd. A search through the Index Medicus since 1932 reveals five articles in the literature not available to us by Laskownicki (1936), Cirio (1933), Müller (1935), and Mercier (1933) referring definitely to three cases, and probably representing two or more other cases. With our case, the total is probably thirty-two or more.

The article on the treatment of traumatic tetanus by Dr. H. C. Fang in the Journal for February 1938 prompted me to describe a case of advanced tetanus which was successfully treated by Cole's method commenced two days after true opisthotonos and trismus of the jaw had developed.

It is in accordance with custom dating back to the earliest days of the Revival of Learning when the great European universities were founded under the wing of the Christian Church, that this service is held in the name of those younger members of the College who at this time are about to assume a larger share in the responsibilities and duties of their chosen profession.

Recently we received two poisonous plants known under the name of Huang-t'eng (黄藤) and Ts'ai-ch'ung-yao (菜矗�? from the Institute of Legal Medicine, Ministry of Justice, for chemical investigation. The former was collected in Hunan and the latter in Chekiang. They are not botanically identied, but are said to be very toxic and have given rise to many reported fatal cases of poisoning. They are in the form of stems ind roots and are reddish yellow in colour. As their general appearance and coloration are very similar to Lei-kung-teng, Tripterygium Wilfodii, Hook, which we investigatied some time ago (1), we tried to isolate from them the characteristic red coloring matter, tripterine and the carbohydrate, dulcitol, the results being found in both cases to be positive. Consequently the three poisonous plants, Huang-teng, Ts'ai-ch'ttng-yao and Lei-kttng-teng only differ from each other in name. but really are the same plant; at least they belong to the same family.

The problem of feeding young infants who have not a sufficient amount of maternal milk is difficult. In the West, only in the last thirty or forty years, during which pediatricians have given the problem close study, have brilliant results been obtained by the use of cow's milk suitably supplemented with vitamin-containing foods, extra carbohydrate.

In arthrodesis of the knee for tuberculosis, the patella has been employed by various workrs as a bone graft in order to secure early firm ankylosis of the joint. Hibbs (1), and Henderson and Fortin (2) insert the patella horizontally across the joint, under osteo-periosteal flaps lifted from the anterior portion of both the femur and the tibia (Fig. 1, a, b). Albee (3) split the patella into two smaller rectangular grafts and placed them in gutters sawed from the two condyles of the femur and the head of the tibia (Fig. 1, c) by means of the motor twin-saw. This operation is said to have been abandoned by the author because of the shortness of the grafts. Galloway (4), after sawing off the posterior surface of the patella, nails it to a flat bed prepared on the anterior surface of the knee (Fig. 1, d). The arthrodesis is further reinforced by placing across the sides of the joint two pedicled osteoperiosteal flaps obtained from the condyles of the femur. In 1936, Grzywa (5) reported an operation in which the patella, having been freed all around except at its upper pole where it was left attached by a pedicle to the quadriceps tendon, was inserted into the marrow space of the femur to act as a rivet across the joint (Fig. 1, e). This procedure was devised for a case of tuberculosis of the knee in which the femoral condyIes were necessarily extensively resected and the marrow space of the femur was thereby exposed. Solid ankylosis was obtained.