Volume 128 · Issue 03 · 2015

Spinal anesthesia was considered as a reasonable anesthetic option in severe preeclampsia when cesarean delivery is indicated, and there is no indwelling epidural catheter or contraindication to spinal anesthesia. However, the ideal dose of intrathecal bupivacaine has not been quantified for cesarean delivery for severe preeclamptic patients. This study aimed to determine the ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ of intrathecal bupivacaine for severely preeclamptic patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery.

Two hundred severely preeclamptic patients are undergoing elective cesarean delivery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia enrolled in this randomized, double-blinded, dose-ranging study. Patients received 4 mg, 6 mg, 8 mg, or 10 mg intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine with 2.5 µg sufentanil. Successful spinal anesthesia was defined as a T6 sensory level achieved within 10 minutes after intrathecal drug administration and/or no epidural supplement was required during the cesarean section. The ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ were calculated with a logistic regression model.

ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ of intrathecal bupivacaine for successful spinal anesthesia were 5.67 mg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.20–6.10 mg) and 8.82 mg (95% CI: 8.14–9.87 mg) respectively. The incidence of hypotension in Group 8 mg and Group 10 mg was higher than that in Group 4 mg and Group 6 mg (P < 0.05). The sensory block was significantly different among groups 10 minutes after intrathecal injection (P < 0.05). The use of lidocaine in Group 4 mg was higher than that in other groups (P < 0.05). The use of phenylephrine in Group 8 mg and Group 10 mg was higher than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). The lowest systolic blood pressure before the infant delivery of Group 8 mg and Group 10 mg was lower than the other two groups (P < 0.05). The satisfaction of muscle relaxation in Group 4 mg was lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in patients’ satisfaction and the newborns’ Apgar score and the blood gas analysis of umbilical artery serum (P > 0.05).

Our study showed that the ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ of intrathecal bupivacaine for severely preeclamptic patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery were 5.67 mg and 8.82 mg, respectively. In addition, decreasing the dose of intrathecal bupivacaine could reduce the incidence of maternal hypotension.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is the most common subtype of SCA worldwide, and runs a slowly progressive and unremitting disease course. There is currently no curable treatment available. Growing evidence has suggested that nerve growth factor (NGF) may have therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative diseases, and possibly also in SCA3. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of NGF in SCA3 patients.

We performed an open-label prospective study in genetically confirmed adult (>18 years old) SCA3 patients. NGF was administered by intramuscular injection (18 μg once daily) for 28 days consecutively. All the patients were evaluated at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks after treatment using the Chinese version of the scale for assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA).

Twenty-one SCA3 patients (10 men and 11 women, mean age 39.14 ± 7.81 years, mean disease duration 4.14 ± 1.90 years, mean CAG repeats number 77.57 ± 2.27) were enrolled. After 28 days of NGF treatment, the mean total SARA score decreased significantly from a baseline of 8.48 ± 2.40 to 6.30 ± 1.87 (P < 0.001). Subsections SARA scores also showed significant improvements in stance (P = 0.003), speech (P = 0.023), finger chase (P = 0.015), fast alternating hand movements (P = 0.009), and heel-shin slide (P = 0.001).

Our preliminary data suggest that NGF may be effective in treating patients with SCA3.

Food and Drug Administration announcements have highlighted the standard rate of mesh-related complications. We aimed to report the short-term results and complications of tension-free polypropylene mesh (PROSIMA^™) surgical repair of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) using the standard category (C), timing (T), and site (S) classification system.

A prospective cohort study of 48 patients who underwent PROSIMA^™ mesh kit-related surgical repairs were followed for two years at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Recurrence was defined as symptomatic POP quantification (POP-Q) Stage II or higher (leading edge ≥ −1 cm). The Patient Global Impression of Change Questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire short-form-7 and POP/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire short-form-12 were used to evaluate the self-perception and sexual function of each patient. Mesh-related complications conformed to the International Urogynecological Association/International Continence Society joint terminology. The paired-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Fisher’s exact test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were used to analyze data.

All patients were followed up for ≥12 months; 30 (62.5%) patients completed the 24 months study. We observed a 93.8% (45/48) positive anatomical outcome rate at 12 months and 90.0% (27/30) at 24 months. Recurrence most frequently involved the anterior compartment (P < 0.05). Pelvic symptoms improved significantly from baseline (P < 0.05), although the patients’ impressions of change and sexual function were not satisfying. Vaginal complication was the main complication observed (35.4%, 17/48). The survival analysis did not identify any relationship between vaginal complication and anatomical recurrent prolapse (POP-Q ≥ Stage II) (P = 0.653).

Tension-free polypropylene mesh (PROSIMA^™)-related surgical repair of POP has better short-term anatomical outcomes at the apical and posterior compartments, but a low patient satisfaction rate. The mesh complications were not the definitive cause of recurrence.

Cerebral glucose metabolism changes are always observed in patients suffering from malignant tumors. This preliminary study aimed to investigate the brain glucose metabolism changes in patients with lung cancer of different histological types.

One hundred and twenty patients with primary untreated lung cancer, who visited People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2012 to July 2013, were divided into three groups based on histological types confirmed by biopsy or surgical pathology, which included adenocarcinoma (52 cases), squamous cell carcinoma (43 cases), and small-cell carcinoma (25 cases). The whole body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) of these cases was retrospectively studied. The brain PET data of three groups were analyzed individually using statistical parametric maps (SPM) software, with 50 age-matched and gender-matched healthy controls for comparison.

The brain resting glucose metabolism in all three lung cancer groups showed regional cerebral metabolic reduction. The hypo-metabolic cerebral regions were mainly distributed at the left superior and middle frontal, bilateral superior and middle temporal and inferior and middle temporal gyrus. Besides, the hypo-metabolic regions were also found in the right inferior parietal lobule and hippocampus in the small-cell carcinoma group. The area of the total hypo-metabolic cerebral regions in the small-cell carcinoma group (total voxel value 3255) was larger than those in the adenocarcinoma group (total voxel value 1217) and squamous cell carcinoma group (total voxel value 1292).

The brain resting glucose metabolism in patients with lung cancer shows regional cerebral metabolic reduction and the brain hypo-metabolic changes are related to the histological types of lung cancer.

Hydrothorax, as one of the common complications of malignant tumors, still cannot be sensitively detected in clinical practice, thus requiring a sensitive, specific method for diagnosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in patients with benign and malignant hydrothorax.

The contents of VEGF in the pleural effusion and serum of the patients with malignant pleural effusion (n = 35) and benign pleural effusion (n = 30) were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The gene copy number level of EGFR in pleural effusion was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The points with the highest sensitivity and specificity were selected as the critical values to calculate the diagnostic value of the VEGF in pleural effusion and serum, and EGFR gene copy number in pleural effusion.

The contents of VEGF in pleural effusion and serum of patients with malignant hydrothorax were (384.91 ± 120.18), and (129.62 ± 46.35) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the patients with benign hydrothorax (207.97 ± 64.04), (63.49 ± 24.58) ng/L (P < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of detecting VEGF in pleural effusion were 80.0% and 96.7% (the boundary value was 297.06 ng/L), respectively for diagnosing benign and malignant hydrothorax. The sensitivity and specificity of serum were 74.3% and 96.7%, respectively (the boundary value was 99.21 ng/L) for diagnosing benign and malignant hydrothorax. The diagnostic efficiencies of EGFR and VEGF in hydrothorax were similar. There was a significant correlation between EGFR and VEGF in hydrothorax (P < 0.01).

VEGF and EGFR play important roles in the formation of pleural effusion. VEGF differed significantly in benign and malignant pleural effusions, which contributed to differential diagnosis results of benign and malignant pleural effusions. It is feasible to detect the gene copy number of the pleural effusion cell mass EGFR by FISH technique. Joint detection can improve the diagnostic sensitivity.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is one of the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency syndromes. The purpose of this article was to broaden our knowledge about CVID for better diagnosis and treatment.

Clinical and immunological features of 40 Chinese patients with CVID were analyzed retrospectively.

The median age at onset was 11-year-old (range 4–51 years). The median age at diagnosis was 14.5-year-old (range 5–66 years). The average time of delay in diagnosis was 5.3 years (range 1–41 years). The most common main complaint was fever due to infections (35 cases, 87.5%). Pneumonia (28 cases, 70%) was the most common type of infections. Bronchiectasis was present in 6 patients (15%). Autoimmune disease was detected in 6 cases of CVID, and malignancy in 2 cases. The median total serum levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM at diagnosis were 1.07 g/L, 0.07 g/L, and 0.28 g/L, respectively. The percentages of CD3⁻/CD19⁺ B-cells were 1%–3.14%.

Infection is the most frequent presentation of CVID. Patients with unexplainable infections should receive further examination including serum immunoglobulin (Ig) and lymphocyte subset analysis. Regular and sufficient substitution with Ig is recommended.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer in China, an area of high hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Although several staging systems are available, there is no consensus on the best classification to use because multiple factors, such as etiology, clinical treatment and populations could affect the survival of HCC patients.

This study analyzed 743 HBV-related Chinese HCC patients who received surgery first and evaluated the predictive values of eight different commonly used staging systems in the clinic.

The overall 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates and a median survival were 91.5%, 70.3%, 55.3% and 72 months respectively. Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging systems had the best stratification ability and showed the lowest Akaike information criterion (AIC) values (2896.577), followed by tumor-node-metastasis 7^th (TNM 7^th) (AIC = 2899.980), TNM 6^th (AIC = 2902.17), Japan integrated staging score (AIC = 2918.085), Tokyo (AIC = 2938.822), Cancer of the Liver Italian Program score (AIC = 2941.950), Chinese University Prognostic Index grade (AIC = 2962.027), and Okuda (AIC = 2979.389).

BCLC staging system is a better staging model for HBV infection patients with HCC in Chinese population among the eight currently used staging systems. These identifications afford a large group of Chinese HCC patients with HBV infection and could be helpful to design a new staging system for a certain population.

Liver transplantation has become the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage acute or chronic hepatic disease. Bile duct complications are common events after liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood supply of the human bile duct and identify the underlying mechanisms of bile duct complications after liver transplantation.

The duct supply branches from gastroduodenal artery and blood supply of extrahepatic bile duct system were re-evaluated through selective hepatic angiography from 600 patients. In addition, 33 cadavers were injected with latex casting material into the common hepatic artery, then the extrahepatic bile duct and the branches from the common hepatic artery were carefully dissected to visualize the gastroduodenal artery and its branching to the extrahepatic bile duct.

The bile duct artery arose from the branch of the gastroduodenal artery in 8.1% (49/600). Of these 49 individuals, the bile duct artery was supplied by the gastroduodenal artery (61.22%, 30/49), the proper hepatic artery (14.29%, 7/49), or both the gastroduodenal artery and the proper hepatic artery (24.49%, 12/49). In our study of 33 cadavers, the percentage that the bile duct artery arose from the gastroduodenal artery was 27.27%. The blood supply to the bile extrahepatic bile ducts was divided into different segments and formed longitudinal and arterial network anastomosed on the walls of the duct.

There is a close relationship between the duct supply branches from gastroduodenal artery and the blood supplying patterns of the extrahepatic bile duct system. In liver transplant surgery, the initial part of the gastroduodenal artery is preferred to be preserved in the donor liver. It is of great significance to improve the success rate of operation and reduce complications.

Seasonal influenza epidemic occurs every year in Guangzhou, which can affect all age groups. Young children are the most susceptible targets. Parents can decide whether to vaccinate their children or not based on their own consideration in China. The aim of this study was to identify factors that are important for parental decisions on vaccinating their children against seasonal influenza based on a modified health belief model (HBM).

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangzhou, China. A total of 335 parents who had at least on child aged between 6 months and 3 years were recruited from women and children’s hospital in Guangzhou, China. Each eligible subject was invited for a face-to-face interview based on a standardized questionnaire.

Uptake of seasonal influenza within the preceding 12 months among the target children who aged between 6 months and 36 months was 47.7%. Around 62.4% parents indicated as being "likely/very likely" to take their children for seasonal influenza vaccination in the next 12 months. The hierarchical logistic regression model showed that children’s age (odds ratio [OR] =2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–4.68), social norm (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.06–4.06) and perceived control (OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.60–5.50) were significantly and positively associated with children’s vaccination uptake within the preceding 12 months; children with a history of taking seasonal influenza vaccine (OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.31–4.76), perceived children’s health status (OR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.68–6.74), worry/anxious about their children influenza infection (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.19–4.48) and perceived control (OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.65–6.22) were positively association with parental intention to vaccinate their children in the future 12 months. However, anticipated more regret about taking children for the vaccination was associated with less likely to vaccinate children within the preceding 12 months (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.08–0.52).

The modified HBM provided a good theoretical basic for understanding factors associated with parents’ decisions on their children’s vaccination against seasonal influenza.

The thickness of the alveolar mucosa influences the probability of the occurrence of denture-induced irritations. Thick denture-supporting tissues offer relief from mucosal tenderness and ulcers; however, the uniformity of the thickness across the entire mandibular alveolar mucosa cannot be accurately determined in edentulous patients. This study aimed to assess the mucosal thickness of the denture-bearing area in the edentulous mandible.

Twenty-seven edentulous patients underwent cone-beam computed tomography scanning, wherein the patients wore a record base to retract soft tissues away from the alveolar mucosa. The measured regions were the central incisor (IC), lateral incisor (IL), canine (Ca), first premolar (P1), second premolar (P2), first molar (M1), and second molar (M2) regions. The thickness was measured in the alveolar ridge crest (T), buccal (B1–B4), and lingual (L1–L4) alveolar ridge mucosa. The average thickness of the mucosa at buccal sides (B) and lingual sides (L) were also assessed.

The differences in the mucosal thickness between the left and right sides were not significant. In the Ca–M2 regions, T was the thickest, and L3 was the thinnest of all the measured points in the same regions. L was significantly less than B in posterior regions (P < 0.01). On the other hand, M2 at L4 was thinnest of all the measured regions from Ca to M2 (P < 0.01), and was thicker than IC, IL, P1, and P2 at B2.

Since the mucosal thickness of denture-bearing area in the edentulous mandible is not uniform; the tissue surface of the denture base or custom tray should be selectively relieved, which may reduce the risk of denture-induced irritations.

Rituximab in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) significantly prolonged event-free survival in first-line chemotherapy for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). But relapse and refractory DLBCL occur frequently. Although rituximab is effective, its role in salvage therapy after autologous transplant remains unclear. Maintenance therapy with rituximab in responding patients after first line chemotherapy may be a useful novel approach capable of eradicating minimal residual disease and to bring survival benefit. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of rituximab maintenance treatment and salvage therapy of patients with DLBCL.

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and compared rituximab maintenance or salvage therapy at relapse with observation. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, conference proceedings, databases of ongoing trials, and references of published trials. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of the trials and extracted data. Hazard ratios for time-to-event data were estimated and pooled.

Seven trials including 1470 DLBCL patients were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Patients treated with maintenance rituximab have better overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) than patients in the observation arm, but there was no statistical significance. Patients who received rituximab salvage therapy for relapse or refractory DLBCL have statistically significantly better OS [HR of death = 0.72, 95% CI (0.55-0.94), P = 0.02], progression-free survival (PFS) [HR = 0.61, 95% CI (0.52-0.72), P < 0.05], odds ratio (OR) [RR = 1.26, 95% CI (1.07-1.47), P = 0.004] than patients in the observation arm. The rate of infection-related adverse events was higher with rituximab treatment [RR = 1.37, 95% CI = (1.14 - 1.65) P =0.001].

After first-line chemotherapy, the two rituximab-combined treatment strategies, including maintenance and salvage therapies can bring survival benefit. But due to the few studies, the low methodological quality assessment and the low outcome evidence quality, it’s not confirmed that the two strategies are better than normal chemotherapy regimens. More high-quality randomized controlled trials are still needed to provide reliable evidence. The higher rate of infections after rituximab therapy should be taken into consideration when making treatment decisions.

To gain insight into the mechanism by which sex-determining region of Y chromosome (SRY)-related high-mobility-group box 2 (SOX2) involved in carcinogenesis and cancer stem cells (CSCs).

The data used in this review were mainly published in English from 2000 to present obtained from PubMed. The search terms were "SOX2," "cancer," "tumor" or "CSCs."

Articles studying the mitochondria-related pathologic mechanism and treatment of glaucoma were selected and reviewed.

SOX2, a transcription factor that is the key in maintaining pluripotent properties of stem cells, is a member of SRY-related high-mobility group domain proteins. SOX2 participates in many biological processes, such as modulation of cell proliferation, regulation of cell death signaling, cell apoptosis, and most importantly, tumor formation and development. Although SOX2 has been implicated in the biology of various tumors and CSCs, the findings are highly controversial, and information regarding the underlying mechanism remains limited. Moreover, the mechanism by which SOX2 involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression is rather unclear yet.

Here, we review the important biological functions of SOX2 in different tumors and CSCs, and the function of SOX2 signaling in the pathobiology of neoplasia, such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, Survivin signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and so on. Targeting towards SOX2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer therapy.

目的：评价冷冻保存在女性生育力保存中的安全性和风险。

中国从1984年开始南极科考。30^th2013年11月7日，中国南极考察队在中国上海登上雪龙号。这支考察队在南极待了三个多月，直到完成物资卸载和科考活动。有效的医疗保健对确保科考考察队完成任务具有重要作用。^[1]然而，南极探险的医疗护理是复杂的，因为南极探险中的医疗条件特征在很大程度上是未知的。^[2]本研究描述了30年来所遇到的医疗条件的特点^th中国南极夏季科学考察队。鉴于这一研究结果，未来的南极科考可能会提供更好、更有效的医疗服务。

肺血栓栓塞（PTE）是一种相对常见的心血管急症，大规模PTE一直是发病率和死亡率的主要来源。^[1]急性PTE患者溶栓的传统窗口期为两周。^[2]

感染性心内膜炎（IE）与不良预后和较高死亡率相关。IE诱导的肾小球肾炎，尤其是伴有肾功能不全的新月体肾小球肾炎（IE-CGN）是死亡的独立危险因素。^[1]对于IE-CGN的治疗，已经应用了许多治疗策略，包括单独使用抗生素、抗生素联合皮质类固醇、免疫抑制剂、血浆置换或心脏手术，并获得了不同的结果。^[2]在此，我们报告了一例继发于IE的进行性肾衰竭的CGN病例，其中肾功能通过外科瓣膜置换和抗生素的治疗得到了显著改善。

高原反应在海拔超过2500米的人中很常见，尤其是当上升速度很快时。在大多数情况下，它可能表现为轻度和自限性疾病，但在少数情况下，它可以发展为更严重的形式，如硬膜下血肿（SDH）。在这里，我们报告了一个罕见的SDH病例，通过神经成像方法在上升到高海拔之前和之后证明了这一点。

根治性前列腺切除术是治愈局限性前列腺癌的标准。随着腹腔镜和机器人技术的发展，腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术（LRP）或机器人辅助根治性前列腺切除术（RARP）与开放技术相比，具有侵入性更小、恢复时间更短、失血量更少、手术区域可视化更好的优点，已被广泛接受。^[1,2,3,4]

许多因素可能导致搏动性耳鸣（PT），包括动脉粥样硬化、良性颅内高压、鼓室球瘤、硬脑膜动静脉瘘（dAVFs）、乙状窦异常（裂开和憩室）和颈静脉球异常（颈静脉球瘤、憩室、高位或裂开的颈静脉球）。然而，许多患者即使经过详细的体格检查和广泛的辅助检查，也往往无法找到确切的病因。^[1]此外，这些患者没有有效的治疗方法。与多种因素相关的PT患者很少被报道，并且病情基本上是顽固性的。在这里，我们报告了三例涉及多种因素的PT病例。

致编者：一名73岁男性，于2013年9月左右到上海交通大学医学院新华医院心内科就诊，有前壁心肌梗死（MI）和多形性室性心动过速（VT）病史。尽管接受了经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）和多种抗心律失常药物如β受体阻滞剂、胺碘酮、硫酸镁等治疗，他的室性心动过速负荷仍逐渐增加。

致编辑：我们想介绍拉姆齐·亨特综合征（RHS）作为H7N9流感病毒感染的并发症。2014年1月22日，一名有类风湿性关节炎病史的57岁男性因呼吸困难和发热入院。使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）测定从气管抽吸物样本中证实了甲型流感（H7N9）病毒感染。第一天低氧血症导致无创机械通气。从第1天开始给予甲基强的松龙（每24小时静脉注射80 mg）和奥司他韦。第11天，耳痛和黄色渗出物分泌与右侧外耳道肿胀有关。四天后，右耳道和耳廓出现水疱性皮疹。在接下来的48小时内，症状进展，患者出现右侧面瘫、吞咽困难、声音嘶哑、听力损失和眩晕[图1].悬雍垂向左侧偏移和右侧软腭麻痹与咽反射减退一致，一系列症状证实了RHS的诊断。喷昔洛韦乳膏、甲基强的松龙（每天40 mg静脉注射，持续两天，随后口服糖皮质激素逐渐减量）、阿昔洛韦（每天2105 mg静脉注射，持续一天）、膦甲酸钠（每天3 g，持续11天）和甲钴注射液（每天1 mg，持续一周）均予给药。13天后，耳痛、水疱性皮疹和外耳道肿胀消退。患者在第33天成功脱离机械通气。面瘫、声音嘶哑、眩晕逐渐改善，第52天完全恢复[图2].第57天桥小脑角（C-P角）区磁共振成像（MRI）仍显示右侧面神经和前庭耳蜗神经增强。第70天纯音测听发现左右耳均有感音神经性和传导性听力损失，右耳有老年性神经性听力损失。左耳听力损失完全恢复，但右耳听力损失在第169天通过测听测试没有任何改善。患者于入院后第180天出院。

致编者：一名55岁女性在最后一天乘坐公共汽车约5米后因呼吸困难入住我院急诊科。近期有抑郁情绪障碍病史，夜间睡眠不好，由精神病院医生开始服用奥氮平片10mg/d、盐酸舍曲林片50mg/d、奥沙西泮片15mg/d，共28天。除此之外，她没有接受任何其他药物，包括口服避孕药、非法药物或酒精，并且没有吸烟史、近期手术史、外伤史、外周血管疾病史、癌症或心血管疾病史。更重要的是，她最近没有明显的活动水平降低或体重变化。入院时记录的生命体征为：血压100/70 mmHg，心率100次/分，呼吸频率18次/分，T 36.5℃，体重指数23 kg/m².

致编者：一名36岁男性，有先兆的间歇性偏头痛样头痛20年，在其他医院接受脑血管计算机断层血管造影(CTA)显示双侧颈内动脉(ICA)口径非常小。几天后住进我院进一步检查。他没有血管危险因素，也没有动脉粥样硬化或脑血管疾病家族史。入院时，一般身体和神经学检查正常，颈部未检测到血管收缩期杂音。血液检查，包括与糖尿病、血脂异常和血管炎相关的项目，并不显著。颈动脉超声[图1a和图1b]显示双侧颅外颈动脉直径较小，无动脉壁增厚或动脉粥样硬化斑块，与CTA结果一致。经颅多普勒检查显示双侧大脑后动脉（右侧，75.5±1.3 cm/s；左侧，73.5±1.3 cm/s）与双侧大脑中动脉相比，无头痛期（右侧，54.5±2.4 cm/s；左侧，57.2±1.9 cm/s）和发作期间（右侧，43.8±1.5 cm/s；左侧，46.5±1.3 cm/s）。导管血管造影[图1c-1e]显示双侧ICAs的整个过程中对称发育不全和双侧后交通动脉侧支循环的发展。颅底CT[图1f]显示双侧颈动脉管（CCs）发育不全。头颅MRI、脑电图、主动脉、肾脏和下肢血管造影正常。

编辑：Brenner肿瘤是一种罕见的卵巢上皮表面肿瘤，通常是良性的。这些肿瘤的恶性程度仅发生在所有病例的1%或2%中。虽然其他类型的肿瘤性病变可导致脓肿的形成，但没有Brenner肿瘤恶性肿瘤形成脓肿的记录病例。在这里，我们描述了第一例由恶性Brenner肿瘤引起的髂腰肌脓肿。

致编者：骨化性纤维瘤是颅面区一种良性但罕见的纤维骨肿瘤。彻底切除是唯一的治疗方法。在此，我们报告了一例采用鼻内窥镜泪前隐窝入路手术的上颌骨青少年骨化性纤维瘤，其中鼻泪管（NLD）和下鼻甲（IT）被保留。

在第1期第46页的原始文章中^[1]，共同第一作者的声明缺失。需要增加“王欣和王林农对出版贡献相等”的表述。

在第一期第98页的文章中^[1]，第四位作者的名字拼错了。作者的名字应该是于卫东。