Since the deepening of medical reform, in accordance with the principle of "ensuring basic healthcare, strengthening grassroots services and improving relevant mechanisms", the grassroots medical and health service network has been continuously improved, and a contingent of grassroots medical workers has taken initial shape, gradually undertaking the important role of health gatekeepers for residents. Meanwhile, grassroots medical institutions still face challenges including inadequate service capacity and non-standard medication practices. To implement the new-era health work policy that prioritizes grassroots development, the Department of Grassroots Health of the National Health Commission has entrusted the Chinese Medical Association to compile guidelines on rational medication use for grassroots medical and health institutions.