Volume 134 · Issue 20 · 2021

妊娠相关乳腺癌（PABC），包括妊娠期乳腺癌（BCP）和产后乳腺癌（PBC），已经成为临床医生在诊断和治疗期间考虑母体和后代安全的关键问题。本指南中的建议主要基于目前可获得的高质量前瞻性研究、回顾性队列研究、荟萃分析以及国际公认或国家学会或协会发表的指南和共识文件。临床医生在建议是否终止妊娠或哺乳前，应仔细分析每种治疗的潜在益处和风险，平衡治疗的利弊，尊重患者的意愿。

Whether regional anesthesia may help to prevent disease recurrence in cancer patients is still controversial. The stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis is a key factor that defines prognosis and is one of the most important sources of heterogeneity for the treatment effect. We sought to update existing systematic reviews and clarify the effect of regional anesthesia on cancer recurrence in late-stage cancer patients.

Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to September 2020 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies that assessed the effect of regional anesthesia on cancer recurrence and overall survival (OS) compared with general anesthesia. Late-stage cancer patients were primarily assessed according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer Cancer Staging Manual (eighth edition), and the combined hazard ratio (HR) from random-effects models was used to evaluate the effect of regional anesthesia.

A total of three RCTs and 34 cohort studies (including 64,691 patients) were identified through the literature search for inclusion in the analysis. The risk of bias was low in the RCTs and was moderate in the observational studies. The pooled HR for recurrence-free survival (RFS) or OS did not favor regional anesthesia when data from RCTs in patients with late-stage cancer were combined (RFS, HR= 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58-2.18, P = 0.729, I² = 76%; OS, HR= 0.86, 95% CI: 0.63-1.18, P = 0.345, I² = 48%). Findings from observational studies showed that regional anesthesia may help to prevent disease recurrence (HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78-0.96, P = 0.008, I² = 71%) and improve OS (HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79-0.98, P = 0.022, I² = 79%).

RCTs reveal that OS and RFS were similar between regional and general anesthesia in late-stage cancers. The selection of anesthetic methods should still be based on clinical evaluation, and changes to current practice need more support from large, well-powered, and well-designed studies.

精子一旦进入女性生殖道，就会经历一个被称为获能的重要过程，这个过程涉及一系列确保受精的生理生化变化。在获能期间，钙离子（Ca²⁺）增加精子鞭毛的弯曲幅度。这导致过度激活，表现为鞭毛的不对称跳动。酪氨酸磷酸化也是人类精子过度活化的原因；弱精子症——即精子活力降低——发生在精子由于酪氨酸磷酸化受损而不能过度激活时。^[1]过度激活的运动使精子能够迁移并穿透卵母细胞周围的卵丘细胞和透明带，导致受精。因此，精子的过度激活运动对男性生殖能力至关重要，人类精子过度激活的分子机制需要讨论。

中风是死亡的第二大原因，也是残疾调整生命年损失的第三大原因。所有卒中患者在卒中后1个月至5年的病死率为15%至50%。缺血性中风是最常见的中风类型，占所有中风病例的87%。^[1]

脑卒中具有高复发率、高致残率、高死亡率的特点，在我国乃至世界范围内都有着沉重的经济负担。^[1,2]《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告（2020）》显示，慢性病死亡人数占总死亡人数的88.5%，尤其是脑卒中，已成为中国首位死因。^[3]中国25岁以后卒中的终生风险为39.3%，而全球估计风险约为25%。^[4]

Empiric therapy for patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL) is not precise. Some patients will ask for assisted reproductive technology due to secondary infertility or advanced maternal age. The clinical outcomes of URPL patients who have undergone in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) require elucidation. The IVF outcome and influencing factors of URPL patients need further study.

A retrospective cohort study was designed, and 312 infertile patients with URPL who had been treated during January 2012 to December 2015 in the Reproduction Center of Peking University Third Hospital were included. By comparing clinical outcomes between these patients and those with tubal factor infertility (TFI), the factors affecting the clinical outcomes of URPL patients were analyzed.

The clinical pregnancy rate (35.18% vs. 34.52% in fresh ET cycles, P = 0.877; 34.48% vs. 40.27% in frozen-thawed ET cycles, P = 0.283) and live birth rate (LBR) in fresh ET cycles (27.67% vs. 26.59%, P = 0.785) were not significantly different between URPL group and TFI group. URPL group had lower LBR in frozen-thawed ET cycles than that of TFI group (23.56% vs. 33.56%, P = 0.047), but the cumulative LBRs (34.69% vs. 38.26%, P = 0.368) were not significantly different between the two groups. The increased endometrial thickness (EMT) on the human chorionic gonadotropin day (odds ratio [OR]: 0.848, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.748-0.962, P = 0.010) and the increased number of eggs retrieved (OR: 0.928, 95% CI: 0.887-0.970, P = 0.001) were protective factors for clinical pregnancy in stimulated cycles. The increased number of eggs retrieved (OR: 0.875, 95% CI: 0.846-0.906, P < 0.001), the increased two-pronucleus rate (OR: 0.151, 95% CI: 0.052-0.437, P < 0.001), and increased EMT (OR: 0.876, 95% CI: 0.770-0.997, P = 0.045) in ET day were protective factors for the cumulative live birth outcome.

After matching ages, no significant differences in clinical outcomes were found between the patients with URPL and the patients with TFI. A thicker endometrium and more retrieved oocytes increase the probability of pregnancy in fresh transfer cycles, but a better normal fertilization potential will increase the possibility of a live birth.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a promising biomarker for non-invasive epidermal growth factor receptor mutations (EGFRm) detection in lung cancer patients, but existing methods have limitations in sensitivity and availability. In this study, we used the ΔCt value (mutant cycle threshold [Ct] value-internal control Ct value) generated during the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to convert super-amplification-refractory mutation system (superARMS) from a qualitative method to a semi-quantitative method named reformed-superARMS (R-superARMS), and evaluated its performance in detecting EGFRm in plasma ctDNA in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

A total of 41 pairs of tissues and plasma samples were obtained from lung adenocarcinoma patients who had known EGFRm in tumor tissue and were previously untreated. EGFRm in ctDNA was identified by using superARMS. Through making use of ΔCt value generated during the detection process of superARMS, we indirectly transform this qualitative detection method into a semi-quantitative PCR detection method, named R-superARMS. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data were performed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to estimate the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables.

The concordance rate of EGFRm in tumor tissues and matched plasma samples was 68.3% (28/41). At baseline, EGFRm-positive patients were divided into two groups according to the cut-off ΔCt value of EGFRm set at 8.11. A significant difference in the median OS (mOS) between the two groups was observed (EGFRm ΔCt ≤8.11 vs. >8.11: not reached vs. 11.0 months; log-rank P = 0.024). Patients were divided into mutation clearance (MC) group and mutation incomplete clearance (MIC) group according to whether the ΔCt value of EGFRm test turned negative after 1 month of treatment. We found that there was also a significant difference in mOS (not reached vs. 10.4 months; log-rank P = 0.021) between MC group and MIC group. Although there was no significant difference in PFS between the two groups, the two curves were separated and the PFS of MC group tended to be higher than the MIC group (not reached vs. 27.5 months; log-rank P = 0.088). Furthermore, EGFRm-positive patients were divided into two groups according to the cut-off of the changes in ΔCt value of EGFRm after 1 month of treatment, which was set at 4.89. A significant difference in the mOS between the two groups was observed (change value of ΔCt >4.89 vs. ≤4.89: not reached vs. 11.0 months; log-rank P = 0.014).

Detecting EGFRm in ctDNA using R-superARMS can identify patients who are more likely sensitive to targeted therapy, reflect the molecular load of patients, and predict the therapeutic efficacy and clinical outcomes of patients.

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), human mobility restriction measures have raised controversies, partly because of the inconsistent findings. An empirical study is promptly needed to reliably assess the causal effects of the mobility restriction. The purpose of this study was to quantify the causal effects of human mobility restriction on the spread of COVID-19.

Our study applied the difference-in-difference (DID) model to assess the declines of population mobility at the city level, and used the log-log regression model to examine the effects of population mobility declines on the disease spread measured by cumulative or new cases of COVID-19 over time after adjusting for confounders.

The DID model showed that a continual expansion of the relative declines over time in 2020. After 4 weeks, population mobility declined by -54.81% (interquartile range, -65.50% to -43.56%). The accrued population mobility declines were associated with the significant reduction of cumulative COVID-19 cases throughout 6 weeks (ie, 1% decline of population mobility was associated with 0.72% [95% CI: 0.50%-0.93%] reduction of cumulative cases for 1 week, 1.42% 2 weeks, 1.69% 3 weeks, 1.72% 4 weeks, 1.64% 5 weeks, and 1.52% 6 weeks). The impact on the weekly new cases seemed greater in the first 4 weeks but faded thereafter. The effects on cumulative cases differed by cities of different population sizes, with greater effects seen in larger cities.

Persistent population mobility restrictions are well deserved. Implementation of mobility restrictions in major cities with large population sizes may be even more important.

Postoperative pneumonia (POP) is one of the most common infections following heart valve surgery (HVS) and is associated with a significant increase in morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. This study aimed to identify the major risk factors associated with the occurrence of POP following HVS and to derive and validate a clinical risk score.

Adults undergoing open HVS between January 2016 and December 2019 at a single institution were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to the derivation and validation sets at 1:1 ratio. A prediction model was developed with multivariable logistic regression analysis in the derivation set. Points were assigned to independent risk factors based on their regression coefficients.

POP occurred in 316 of the 3853 patients (8.2%). Multivariable analysis identified ten significant predictors for POP in the derivation set, including older age, smoking history, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency, poor cardiac function, heart surgery history, longer cardiopulmonary bypass, blood transfusion, and concomitant coronary and/or aortic surgery. A 22-point risk score based on the multivariable model was then generated, demonstrating good discrimination (C-statistic: 0.81), and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ² = 8.234, P = 0.312). The prediction rule also showed adequate discriminative power (C-statistic: 0.83) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ² = 5.606, P = 0.691) in the validation set. Three risk intervals were defined as low-, medium-, and high-risk groups.

We derived and validated a 22-point risk score for POP following HVS, which may be useful in preventive interventions and risk management.

Chictr.org, ChiCTR1900028127; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=46932

Investigations of the pathogenic mechanisms in motor neurons (MNs) derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell lines could improve understanding of the issues affecting MNs. Therefore, in this study we explored mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) protein expression in MNs derived from the iPS cell lines of ALS patients carrying different SOD1 mutations.

We generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from two familial ALS (FALS) patients with SOD1-V14M and SOD1-C111Y mutations, and then differentiated them into MNs. We investigated levels of the SOD1 protein in iPSCs and MNs, the intracellular Ca²⁺ levels in MNs, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the process of differentiation into the MNs derived from the controls and ALS patients’ iPSCs.

The iPSCs from the two FALS patients were capable of differentiation into MNs carrying different SOD1 mutations and differentially expressed MN markers. We detected high SOD1 protein expression and high intracellular calcium levels in both the MN and iPSCs that were derived from the two SOD1 mutant patients. However, at no time did we observe stronger LDH activity in the patient lines compared with the control lines.

MNs derived from patient-specific iPSC lines can recapitulate key aspects of ALS pathogenesis, providing a cell-based disease model to further elucidate disease pathogenesis and explore gene repair coupled with cell-replacement therapy. Incremental mutant expressions of SOD1 in MNs may have disrupted MN function, either causing or contributing to the intracellular calcium disturbances, which could lead to the occurrence and development of the disease.

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) has been shown to be associated with the occurrence of various cancers and involved in many tumorigenic processes. This study aimed to investigate the specific molecular mechanism through which UBE2C affects breast cancer (BC) proliferation.

BC-related datasets were screened according to filter criteria in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Then differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using Venn diagram analysis. By using DEGs, we conducted the following analyses including Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein-protein interaction (PPI), and survival analysis, and then validated the function of the hub gene UBE2C using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, transwell assay, and Western blot assay.

In total, 151 DEGs were identified from the GEO and TCGA databases. The results of GO analysis demonstrated that the DEGs were significantly enriched with mitotic nuclear division, lipid droplet, and organic acid-binding. KEGG analysis showed that the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, and proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation were significantly enriched in the signal transduction pathway category. The top three hub genes that resulted from the PPI network were FOXM1, UBE2C, and CDKN3. The results of survival analysis showed a close relationship between UBE2C and BC. The results of CCK-8 and transwell assays suggested that the proliferation and invasion of UBE2C knockdown cells were significantly inhibited (P < 0.050). The results of Western blot assay showed that the level of phosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome 10 (p-PTEN) was obviously increased (P < 0.050), whereas the levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) were dramatically decreased (P < 0.050) in the UBE2C knockdown cell.

UBE2C can promote BC proliferation by activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

There is growing evidence that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combined with therapeutic trauma can effectively induce skin repigmentation in vitiligo patients who are unresponsive to conventional treatments. Previous studies have mainly focused on identifying the antimitotic activity of 5-FU for the treatment of skin cancer, but few studies have investigated its extra-genotoxic actions favoring melanocyte recruitment.

We utilized the full thickness excisional skin wound model in Dct-LacZ transgenic mice to dynamically assess the migration of melanocytes in the margins of wounds treated with or without 5-FU. The in-situ expression of CXCL12 was examined in the wound beds using immunofluorescence staining. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analyses were performed to detect the expression levels of CXCL12 mRNA and protein in primary mouse dermal fibroblasts treated with or without 5-FU. Transwell assays and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-phalloidin staining were used to observe cell migration and filamentous actin (F-actin) changes of melan-a murine melanocytes.

Whole mount and cryosection X-gal staining showed that the cell numbers of LacZ-positive melanocytes were much higher in the margins of dorsal and tail skin wounds treated with 5-FU compared with the controls. Meanwhile, CXCL12 immunostaining was significantly increased in the dermal compartment of wounds treated with 5-FU (control vs. 5-FU, 22.47 ± 8.85 vs. 44.69 ± 5.97, P < 0.05). Moreover, 5-FU significantly upregulated the expression levels of CXCL12 mRNA (control vs. 5-FU, 1.00 ± 0.08 vs. 1.54 ± 0.06, P < 0.05) and protein (control vs. 5-FU, 1.00 ± 0.06 vs. 2.93 ± 0.10, P < 0.05) in cultured fibroblasts. Inhibition of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis suppressed melanocyte migration in vitro using a CXCL12 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or a CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100).

5-FU possesses a pro-pigmentary activity through activation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis to drive the chemotactic migration of melanocytes.

乳腺外佩吉特病（EMPD）是一种罕见的上皮内腺癌，往往发生在大汗腺丰富的地区。EMPD通常影响50至80岁的老年人。EMPD最常见的受影响区域是外阴；占外阴恶性肿瘤的1%~2%。^[1]最常见的症状是慢性瘙痒、外阴疼痛和红斑。然而，症状可能各不相同，患者可能多年无症状。外阴佩吉特病（VPD）的典型特征是皮肤上的“锦上添花效应”。^[2]本病常被误诊为湿疹。治疗延迟通常超过2年，治疗有时会导致失败，复发率很高。^[3]

2019年以来，全球发生不明原因肺炎疫情。^[1]对呼吸道样本的分析确定了一种新型冠状病毒，命名为2019新型冠状病毒（2019新型冠状病毒）。流行病学数据显示，2019新型冠状病毒病毒可以在人与人之间迅速传播，并导致冠状病毒病-19（新冠肺炎）。新冠病毒的高传染性导致病例数迅速增加，并引发全球大流行。迄今为止，2019新型冠状病毒病毒已在全球范围内感染了数百万人，并导致数十万人死亡。这些数字每天都在更新，预计还会以很大的速度进一步增加。新冠肺炎现在已经成为全球公共卫生的严重威胁。

致编辑：左心室肥厚和舒张功能障碍在2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者中很常见^[1]并导致心血管事件的发生率增加。多因素病理状态可能与超重和肥胖有关。然而，基于体重指数（身体质量指数）的肥胖定义导致不同研究中对心脏代谢风险影响的差异。因此，超重/肥胖与糖尿病性心肌病之间的确切联系仍有争议。肌肉减少症，即与年龄相关的肌肉质量和力量下降，也显示出与心血管疾病的相关性。^[2]此外，身体质量指数高但肌肉质量低的个体可能不明显，但需要考虑。研究表明，肌肉减少性超重和肥胖与各种心脏代谢疾病有关。糖尿病可能与肌肉减少症或肥胖症共存。然而，缺乏关于肌肉减少症与左心室舒张功能、左心室重构之间的关系以及与肌肉减少症超重和肥胖之间的关系的研究。本研究旨在探讨T2DM患者的肌肉减少症和肌肉减少症超重和肥胖是否与临床前左心室舒张功能障碍和左心室重构独立相关。

致编辑：一名7岁男孩在中国成都华西医院接受了手术，原因是左前臂远端出现肿块超过1个月。手术活检诊断为组织细胞增生症，疑似黄色肉芽肿。患者还患有伤口愈合不良，伴有脓性分泌物。术后两个月，患者因左脚踝疼痛肿胀超过10天而再次入院。彩超检查发现左踝关节滑膜炎、左胫骨后肌筋膜炎。患者自婴儿期起就有反复呼吸道感染病史，为此接受了抗结核治疗。然而，没有从患者身上分离出抗酸杆菌的记录。他的兄弟姐妹或父母也没有类似疾病的家族史。除了呼吸道感染，患者还在5岁时接受了耳后和颈后淋巴结脓肿开放引流术，在6岁时接受了肛周脓肿开放引流术。由于他反复出现多部位感染性病变，经常给他开双倍或三倍抗生素，如氧头孢齐特、万古霉素和亚胺培南。

致编辑：文献记录了西方外科医生对扩大淋巴结清扫在右半结肠切除术中的作用相当感兴趣。关于肠系膜上静脉（SMV）和肠系膜上动脉（SMA）背侧淋巴结的收获，有很多不同的声音。^[1]

致编辑：原发性肝肌皮细胞瘤（MPC）是一种少见的软组织肿瘤，肌皮细胞的概念最早由Dictor于1992年提出。^[1]1998年，格兰特将这种肿瘤命名为肌皮细胞瘤。^[2]大多数MPC起源于四肢远端的皮肤和浅表软组织，^[3]但很少在肝脏中描述。^[4]MPC观察者¹⁸F-氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描（¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT）很少报道。肌皮细胞瘤手术切除疗效较好，偶有复发或转移。^[5]Castleman病(CD)于1954年首次被描述。^[6]约70%的CD病例发生在胸部，也可发生在骨盆、颈部、腹膜后、肌肉等其他部位。¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT是诊断CD的有效诊断影像。在这里，我们报告了一个罕见的MPC和纵隔CD共存的病例¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT。

致编辑：经皮肾镜取石术（PNL）是复杂结石和鹿角结石的一线治疗方法。由于潜在风险和较高的发病率，在病态肥胖患者中进行PNL具有挑战性。^[1]既往文献证实了透视下手术的安全性和可行性。然而，全超声（US）引导进入既定程序在病态肥胖患者中的效率以前尚未得到证实，传统观点认为肥胖是增加进入US下肾脏收集系统难度的风险因素。在一些西方国家，US有时用于减少辐射暴露，而PNL的无X射线技术在中国的传播已经持续了10多年。本研究旨在调查病态肥胖患者全美国引导PNL的可行性和安全性，并强调可以遇到和有效解决的困难和问题。

致编辑：在射频导管消融（RFCA）期间，急性心包填塞是一种常见但危及生命的事件，其中心包腔内的快速血液积聚压迫心脏并导致体循环恶化。紧急经皮心包穿刺术和立即自体输血是必要的。鱼精蛋白用于持续出血是有争议的，因为尽管肝素具有中和作用，心包血凝块可能会自发形成，甚至可能需要开胸手术。我们的目的是讨论鱼精蛋白给药的必要性和最佳给药时间，并探索预防血凝块形成的方法。

致编辑：哮喘是一种常见的慢性呼吸道疾病。据估计，全世界有3亿人患有哮喘，至少50%的成人和儿童没有按照处方服用控制药物。^[1]哮喘控制与治疗依从性密切相关，依从性差是症状控制不佳、恶化和住院的促成因素。了解影响依从性的因素并改善依从性是实现良好哮喘控制的重要措施。哮喘治疗依从性的系统分析显示，不同研究的依从率和相关因素存在显著差异。^[2]本研究的目的是调查中国最发达的大都市之一上海哮喘患者的药物依从性及其影响因素，以提出进一步的干预措施以改善成人哮喘控制。

致编辑：当前的冠状病毒疾病2019（COVID-19）大流行导致了前所未有的全球健康危机。中国政府将该综合征纳入《中国传染病防治法》规定的乙类传染病，按照甲类传染病执行预防和控制措施。2020年2月11日，世界卫生组织将该综合征命名为新冠肺炎。随后，国际病毒分类委员会（ICTV）将致病病毒命名为2019新型冠状病毒（2019新型冠状病毒）。随着我们对新冠肺炎的深入了解，其对泌尿生殖系统的潜在影响也逐渐受到公众的关注。病毒本身可能会对男性生殖系统产生影响，但流行期药物、环境因素、心理因素等多方面对生殖的影响也不容忽视。

致编辑：接受紧急普通外科（EGS）手术的患者死亡的可能性是选择性接受相同手术的患者的八倍。^[1]开发适当的EGS风险分层工具可以促进高危患者的准确分类，从而支持手术决策、知情同意和EGS患者的识别，以转移到更高水平的护理。^[2]然而，理想的EGS风险分层工具还不存在。2016年，AAST患者评估委员会报告了用于测量16种常见EGS疾病解剖严重程度的统一系统【美国创伤外科协会（AAST）等级】。同时，委员会指出，这一系统并不打算单独作为结果的预测指标。结果的其他重要因素，如生理状态、合并症、年龄和手术程序的复杂性，应纳入风险分层系统。^[3]在我们的EGS中心，疾病谱主要是16种疾病中的腹部相关疾病，包括急性阑尾炎、急性胆囊炎、急性结肠憩室炎、疝气、感染性结肠炎、肠梗阻、急性胰腺炎、盆腔炎、直肠周围脓肿和穿孔性消化性溃疡。我们已经确定腹部相关EGS疾病并发脓毒症是我们EGS中心发病率和死亡率的主要原因。我们假设EGS疾病的解剖严重程度加上生理严重程度和其他参数（如术中变量、年龄和合并症）的整合可以更好地发挥作用。因此，本研究旨在开发和验证一个诺模图，用于预测腹部相关EGS疾病并发脓毒症的术后住院结局。

致编辑：连续监测血流动力学状态可用于发现早期异常循环，对危重病人的管理很有帮助。如今，不同的微创和无创监测系统可以测量功能性血流动力学参数，以指导治疗计划和改善患者护理。其中，胸部电生物阻抗（TEB）技术广泛可用，对大多数患者都是准确的，尤其是在心脏直视手术后。然而，血流动力学特征之间存在种族相关的差异，并且对同一心血管疾病的血流动力学反应在种族群体中不同。目前，没有全国性的血流动力学参数参考范围可用于中国汉族健康成人。中国血流动力学状态标志物的大规模、前瞻性研究调查尚未完全报道。因此，有必要为中国汉族人群建立种族特异性血流动力学参考范围，并评估这些参数与年龄/性别之间的关系，以促进临床实践中高效、准确的判断。2012年7月至2017年9月，由中华人民共和国科学技术部牵头设计、组织和实施了一项前瞻性全国性研究，以建立中国汉族人群血流动力学参数的正常参考范围，并确认年龄和性别对这些参数的影响。