cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVST) was first described by Ribes in 1825. At that time and for some time later, the literature reported mostly autopsy results[1,2]。 Its treatment is only limited to symptomatic treatment such as lowering intracranial pressure and anti-epilepsy, which is effective in mild cases and has a high mortality rate in severe patients. In 1942, Lyons described systemic anticoagulation for CVST, where anticoagulation prevents worsening or ameliorates the condition, but does not dissolve the formed thrombus. In 1971, Vines et al. performed systemic thrombolytic therapy on CVST patients. The thrombolytic agent can dissolve the formed thrombus and open the blocked venous sinus, and the prognosis of patients is greatly improved. Subsequently, the thrombolytic method was further developed, and in 1988, Scott used transcranial drilling to perform contact thrombolysis. In 1991, Barnwell used vascular intervention technique to perform venous sinus contact thrombolysis through the jugular and femoral veins, thus enriching the treatment of CVST[3,4]。 Currently, anticoagulant therapy is the preferred treatment for CVST, and randomized controlled studies have confirmed that anticoagulant therapy is safe for CVST[5,6,7,8]。 It not only reduces the mortality and disability rate of patients, but also does not increase the risk of re-intracranial hemorrhage even for patients with intracranial hemorrhage[9,10]。 A large number of literature reports that thrombolytic therapy should be considered in patients with a high rate of vascular recanalization, especially in patients who continue to deteriorate after anticoagulant therapy or whose intracranial pressure remains high despite other management measures[11,12,13,14,15]。 However, the present evidence only comes from a series of case studies, and there is a lack of evidence-based medical research to prove the advantages and disadvantages of thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy and the efficacy of different thrombolytic therapies[9,10]。
