2013年 · 第52卷第10期

With the acceleration of population aging and high incidence of cerebrovascular disease risk factors, cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVD) are increasing day by day. At the same time, with the popularization and widespread application of neuroimaging technology, a large number of CSVD have been identified and discovered. Although, great progress has been made in the research of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and imaging characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of CSVD at home and abroad in recent years^[1,2]However, there is still a lack of standardized diagnostic standards, and there is not much evidence of high-level clinical research, which makes the diagnosis and treatment level of CSVD in daily medical practice low, and irregular diagnosis and treatment abound, even aggravating the disease to a certain extent. social and economic burden. Therefore, the editorial board of Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine organized some domestic neurology and imaging experts to compile the Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebral Small Vascular Disease, which introduced the definition and concept, epidemiology, pathology and pathogenesis, clinical and imaging manifestations, prevention and treatment of CSVD, in order to improve the understanding and diagnosis and treatment level of CSVD by medical staff in related professional fields.

One of the most common arrhythmias in atrial fibrillation (AF). Survey data show that the prevalence of atrial fibrillation among residents aged 30-85 in China is 0.77%^[1]。 Thromboembolic complications are the leading cause of death and disability in atrial fibrillation, while stroke is the most common manifestation type. Atrial fibrillation is an independent risk factor for stroke, and developing atrial fibrillation can increase the risk of stroke by 5 times^[2]。 However, the mortality, disability and recurrence of stroke caused by atrial fibrillation are very high^[3]It brings a serious economic burden to patients and society. A large number of clinical studies have confirmed that anticoagulant therapy plays an important role in the prevention of atrial fibrillation stroke. Rational use of anticoagulant drugs can significantly reduce the incidence of ischemic stroke, and has been widely recommended by many authoritative guidelines at home and abroad^[4,5,6]。 However, at present, anticoagulant therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation in China is significantly insufficient^[1]Warfarin, a traditional anticoagulant drug, needs regular monitoring of coagulation-related indexes and dose adjustment, and interacts with a variety of drugs and/or foods, which limits its wide clinical application.