MedNexus
2023年 · 第136卷第03期
出版日期 2023-02-05电子版 ￥0.00元
MedNexus
- 全部
- Review Article
- Original Article
- Correspondence
Review Article
开放获取
整合素在人肝细胞癌发生和治疗中的作用Qiong Gao, Zhaolin Sun, Deyu Fang
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002459
摘要
Integrins are a family of transmembrane receptors that connect the extracellular matrix and actin skeleton, which mediate cell adhesion, migration, signal transduction, and gene transcription. As a bi-directional signaling molecule, integrins can modulate many aspects of tumorigenesis, including tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, integrins have a great potential as antitumor therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the recent reports of integrins in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), focusing on the abnormal expression, activation, and signaling of integrins in cancer cells as well as their roles in other cells in the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss the regulation and functions of integrins in hepatitis B virus-related HCC. Finally, we update the clinical and preclinical studies of integrin-related drugs in the treatment of HCC.
开放获取
CAR T治疗恶性血液病的挑战与优化策略Yajing Zhang, Yang Xu, Xiuyong Dang, Zeyu Zhu, Wenbin Qian, Aibin Liang, Weidong Han
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002476
摘要
Remarkable improvement relative to traditional approaches in the treatment of hematological malignancies by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has promoted sequential approvals of eight commercial CAR T products within last 5 years. Although CAR T cells’ productization is now rapidly boosting their extensive clinical application in real-world patients, the limitation of their clinical efficacy and related toxicities inspire further optimization of CAR structure and substantial development of innovative trials in various scenarios. Herein, we first summarized the current status and major progress in CAR T therapy for hematological malignancies, then described crucial factors which possibly compromise the clinical efficacies of CAR T cells, such as CAR T cell exhaustion and loss of antigen, and finally, we discussed the potential optimization strategies to tackle the challenges in the field of CAR T therapy.
开放获取
类风湿性关节炎弥漫性肺受累：呼吸内科医生的观点Hui Huang, Ruxuan Chen, Chi Shao, Zuojun Xu, Paul J. Wolters
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002577
摘要
The lungs are one of the most common extra-articular organs involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is reported to occur in up to 60% to 80% of RA patients. Respiratory complications are the second leading cause of death due to RA. Although there is a wide spectrum of RA-associated respiratory diseases, interstitial lung disease is the most common manifestation and it impacts the prognosis of RA. There has been progress in understanding the management and progression of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) and RA-associated respiratory diseases recently, for example, opportunistic pulmonary infectious diseases and toxicity from RA therapies. From a chest physicians’ perspective, we will update the diagnosis and treatment of RA-associated ILD, methotrexate-associated lung disease, and the complication of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in RA in this review.
开放获取
中国环境细颗粒物与心肺健康风险Tiantian Li, Yi Zhang, Ning Jiang, Hang Du, Chen Chen, Jiaonan Wang, Qiutong Li, Da Feng, Xiaoming Shi
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002218
摘要
In China, the level of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution far exceeds the air quality standards recommended by the World Health Organization. Moreover, the health effects of PM2.5 exposure have become a major public health issue. More than half of PM2.5-related excess deaths are caused by cardiopulmonary disease, which has become a major health risk associated with PM2.5 pollution. In this review, we discussed the latest epidemiological advances relating to the health effects of PM2.5 on cardiopulmonary diseases in China, including studies relating to the effects of PM2.5 on mortality, morbidity, and risk factors for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. These data provided important evidence to highlight the cardiopulmonary risk associated with PM2.5 across the world. In the future, further studies need to be carried out to investigate the specific relationship between the constituents and sources of PM2.5 and cardiopulmonary disease. These studies provided scientific evidence for precise reduction measurement of pollution sources and public health risks. It is also necessary to identify effective biomarkers and elucidate the biological mechanisms and pathways involved; this may help us to take steps to reduce PM2.5 pollution and reduce the incidence of cardiopulmonary disease.
开放获取
双酚A及双酚类似物对神经系统的影响Chunxia Li, Chen Sang, Shuo Zhang, Sai Zhang, Hui Gao
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002170
摘要
Estrogen impacts neural development; meanwhile, it has a protective effect on the brain. Bisphenols, primarily bisphenol A (BPA), can exert estrogen-like or estrogen-interfering effects by binding with estrogen receptors. Extensive studies have suggested that neurobehavioral problems, such as anxiety and depression, can be caused by exposure to BPA during neural development. Increasing attention has been paid to the effects on learning and memory of BPA exposure at different developmental stages and in adulthood. Further research is required to elucidate whether BPA increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases and the underlying mechanisms, as well as to assess whether BPA analogs, such as bisphenol S and bisphenol F, influence the nervous system.
Original Article
开放获取
1990年至2019年中国及其省份的癫痫负担：2019年全球疾病负担研究的结果Wei Liu, Yangyang Xu, Yicong Lin, Lijun Wang, Maigeng Zhou, Peng Yin, Guoguang Zhao
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002526
摘要
Background:
Epilepsy accounts for a significant portion of the global disease burden. However, little is known about the disease burden of epilepsy in China and its provinces.
Methods:
We assessed the burden of epilepsy in China and its provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions from 1990 to 2019. Burden was measured as incidence, prevalence, deaths, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), by age, sex, year, and province. We used the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) to determine the association between the provincial development level and age-standardized DALY rates of epilepsy from 1990 to 2019.
Results:
In 2019, epilepsy caused 1367.51 thousand (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 979.92–1837.61 thousand) DALYs, and the age-standardized DALY rate was 99.77 (95% UI: 71.33–133.52)/100,000. The age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates for epilepsy in China were 24.65/100,000 and 219.69/100,000, increased by 45.00% (95% UI: 8.03–98.74%) and 35.72% (95% UI: 0.47–86.19%) compared with that in 1990, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the proportion of DALY caused by epilepsy in the age group under 25 years steadily decreased. The proportion of DALYs caused by epilepsy in people aged 50 years and over increased from 9.45% and 10.22% in 1990 to 29.01% and 32.72% for male and female individuals in 2019, respectively. The highest age-standardized mortality rates were seen in Tibet (4.26 [95% UI: 1.43–5.66]/100,000), Qinghai (1.80 [95% UI: 1.15–2.36]/100,000), and Yunnan (1.30 [95% UI: 0.88–1.62]/100,000), and the lowest mortality rates were in Guangdong (0.48 [95% UI: 0.39–0.64]/100,000), Zhejiang (0.56 [95% UI: 0.44–0.70]/100,000), and Shanghai (0.57 [95% UI: 0.41–0.73]/100,000). The age-standardized DALY rates across the country and in provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions generally decreased as their SDI increased.
Conclusions:
The disease burden of epilepsy is still heavy in China, especially in the western provinces. The incidence and prevalence of epilepsy increased between 1990 and 2019, and the burden of epilepsy in the elderly increases gradually. This study provides evidence on epilepsy prevention and care of different regions in China.
开放获取
心房颤动的最新发病率和心电图预测因素：一项来自中国的前瞻性研究Yong Wei, Genqing Zhou, Xiaoyu Wu, Xiaofeng Lu, Xingjie Wang, Bin Wang, Caihong Wang, Yahong Shen, Shi Peng, Yu Ding 等
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002340
摘要
Background:
China bears the biggest atrial fibrillation (AF) burden in the world. However, little is known about the incidence and predictors of AF. This study aimed to investigate the current incidence of AF and its electrocardiographic (ECG) predictors in general community individuals aged over 60 years in China.
Methods:
This was a prospective cohort study, recruiting subjects who were aged over 60 years and underwent annual health checkups from April to July 2015 in four community health centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai, China. The subjects were then followed up from 2015 to 2019 annually. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, and the resting 12-lead ECG were collected. Kaplan–Meier curve was used for showing the trends in AF incidence and calculating the predictors of AF. Associations of ECG abnormalities and AF incidence were examined using Cox proportional hazard models.
Results:
This study recruited 18,738 subjects, and 351 (1.87%) developed AF. The overall incidence rate of AF was 5.2/1000 person-years during an observation period of 67,704 person-years. Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.09; P < 0.001), male (HR, 1.30; 95% CI: 1.05–1.62; P = 0.018), a history of hypertension (HR, 1.55; 95% CI: 1.23–1.95; P < 0.001), a history of cardiac diseases (HR, 3.23; 95% CI: 2.34–4.45; P < 0.001), atrial premature complex (APC) (HR, 2.82; 95% CI: 2.17–3.68; P < 0.001), atrial flutter (HR, 18.68; 95% CI: 7.37–47.31; P < 0.001), junctional premature complex (JPC) (HR, 3.57; 95% CI: 1.59–8.02; P = 0.002), junctional rhythm (HR, 18.24; 95% CI: 5.83–57.07; P < 0.001), ventricular premature complex (VPC) (HR, 1.76; 95% CI: 1.13–2.75, P= 0.012), short PR interval (HR, 5.49; 95% CI: 1.36–22.19; P = 0.017), right atrial enlargement (HR, 6.22; 95% CI: 1.54–25.14; P = 0.010), and pacing rhythm (HR, 3.99; 95% CI: 1.57–10.14; P = 0.004) were independently associated with the incidence of AF.
Conclusions:
The present incidence of AF was 5.2/1000 person-years in the studied population aged over 60 years in China. Among various ECG abnormalities, only APC, atrial flutter, JPC, junctional rhythm, short PR interval, VPC, right atrial enlargement, and pacing rhythm were independently associated with AF incidence.
开放获取
生物可降解支架与第二代耐用聚合物药物洗脱支架用于复杂经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的五年结局Na Xu, Lin Jiang, Yi Yao, Jingjing Xu, Ru Liu, Huanhuan Wang, Ying Song, Lijian Gao, Zhan Gao, Xueyan Zhao 等
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002450
摘要
Background:
There are few data comparing clinical outcomes of complex percutaneous coronary intervention (CPCI) when using biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stents (BP-DES) or second-generation durable polymer drug-eluting stents (DP-DES). The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of BP-DES and compare that with DP-DES in patients with and without CPCI during a 5-year follow-up.
Methods:
Patients who exclusively underwent BP-DES or DP-DES implantation in 2013 at Fuwai Hospital were consecutively enrolled and stratified into two categories based on CPCI presence or absence. CPCI included at least one of the following features: unprotected left main lesion, ≥2 lesions treated, ≥2 stents implanted, total stent length >40 mm, moderate-to-severe calcified lesion, chronic total occlusion, or bifurcated target lesion. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including all-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and total coronary revascularization (target lesion revascularization, target vessel revascularization [TVR], and non-TVR) during the 5-year follow-up. The secondary endpoint was total coronary revascularization.
Results:
Among the 7712 patients included, 4882 (63.3%) underwent CPCI. Compared with non-CPCI patients, CPCI patients had higher 2- and 5-year incidences of MACE and total coronary revascularization. Following multivariable adjustment including stent type, CPCI was an independent predictor of MACE (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.151; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.017–1.303, P = 0.026) and total coronary revascularization (aHR: 1.199; 95% CI: 1.037–1.388, P = 0.014) at 5 years. The results were consistent at the 2-year endpoints. In patients with CPCI, BP-DES use was associated with significantly higher MACE rates at 5 years (aHR: 1.256; 95% CI: 1.078–1.462, P = 0.003) and total coronary revascularization (aHR: 1.257; 95% CI: 1.052–1.502, P = 0.012) compared with that of DP-DES, but there was a similar risk at 2 years. However, BP-DES had comparable safety and efficacy profiles including MACE and total coronary revascularization compared with DP-DES in patients with non-CPCI at 2 and 5 years.
Conclusions:
Patients underwent CPCI remained at a higher risk of mid- to long-term adverse events regardless of the stent type. The effect of BP-DES compared with DP-DES on outcomes was similar in CPCI and non-CPCI patients at 2 years but had inconsistent effects at the 5-year clinical endpoints.
开放获取
在实现持续疾病控制的类风湿性关节炎患者中继续、减少或停用托法替尼：一项多中心、开放标签、随机对照试验Mengyan Wang, Yu Xue, Fang Du, Lili Ma, Liang-jing Lu, Lindi Jiang, Yi-Li Tao, Chengde Yang, Hui Shi, Honglei Liu 等
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002561
摘要
Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic systemic autoimmune disease, is characterized by synovitis and progressive damage to the bone and cartilage of the joints, leading to disability and reduced quality of life. This study was a randomized clinical trial comparing the outcomes between withdrawal and dose reduction of tofacitinib in patients with RA who achieved sustained disease control.
Methods:
The study was designed as a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Eligible patients who were taking tofacitinib (5 mg twice daily) and had achieved sustained RA remission or low disease activity (disease activity score in 28 joints [DAS28] ≤3.2) for at least 3 months were enrolled at six centers in Shanghai, China. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to one of three treatment groups: continuation of tofacitinib (5 mg twice daily); reduction in tofacitinib dose (5 mg daily); and withdrawal of tofacitinib. Efficacy and safety were assessed up to 6 months.
Results:
Overall, 122 eligible patients were enrolled, with 41 in the continuation group, 42 in the dose-reduction group, and 39 in the withdrawal group. After 6 months, the percentage of patients with a DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of <3.2 was significantly lower in the withdrawal group than that in the reduction and continuation groups (20.5%, 64.3%, and 95.1%, respectively; P < 0.0001 for both comparisons). The average flare-free time was 5.8 months for the continuation group, 4.7 months for the dose reduction group, and 2.4 months for the withdrawal group.
Conclusion:
Withdrawal of tofacitinib in patients with RA with stable disease control resulted in a rapid and significant loss of efficacy, while standard or reduced doses of tofacitinib maintained a favorable state.
Trial Registration:
Chictr.org, ChiCTR2000039799.
开放获取
肝细胞凋亡片段产物细胞角蛋白-18 M30水平与非酒精性脂肪性肝炎风险诊断：一项国际注册研究Huai Zhang, Rafael S. Rios, Jerome Boursier, Rodolphe Anty, Wah-Kheong Chan, Jacob George, Yusuf Yilmaz, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Jiangao Fan, Jean-François Dufour 等
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002603
摘要
Background:
Liver biopsy for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is limited by its inherent invasiveness and possible sampling errors. Some studies have shown that cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) concentrations may be useful in diagnosing NASH, but results across studies have been inconsistent. We aimed to identify the utility of CK-18 M30 concentrations as an alternative to liver biopsy for non-invasive identification of NASH.
Methods:
Individual data were collected from 14 registry centers on patients with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and in all patients, circulating CK-18 M30 levels were measured. Individuals with a NAFLD activity score (NAS) ≥5 with a score of ≥1 for each of steatosis, ballooning, and lobular inflammation were diagnosed as having definite NASH; individuals with a NAS ≤2 and no fibrosis were diagnosed as having non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL).
Results:
A total of 2571 participants were screened, and 1008 (153 with NAFL and 855 with NASH) were finally enrolled. Median CK-18 M30 levels were higher in patients with NASH than in those with NAFL (mean difference 177 U/L; standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.87 [0.69–1.04]). There was an interaction between CK-18 M30 levels and serum alanine aminotransferase, body mass index (BMI), and hypertension (P < 0.001, P = 0.026 and P = 0.049, respectively). CK-18 M30 levels were positively associated with histological NAS in most centers. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) for NASH was 0.750 (95% confidence intervals: 0.714–0.787), and CK-18 M30 at Youden’s index maximum was 275.7 U/L. Both sensitivity (55% [52%–59%]) and positive predictive value (59%) were not ideal.
Conclusion:
This large multicenter registry study shows that CK-18 M30 measurement in isolation is of limited value for non-invasively diagnosing NASH.
Correspondence
开放获取
磷酸尿间质瘤的临床和影像学特征Cheng Chang, Aihong Yu, Yuhua You, Xiaoxin Peng, Xiaoguang Cheng, Xintong Li, Wei Liang, Lihua Gong, Wei Deng
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002223
摘要
致编辑：磷酸尿性间充质肿瘤（PMT）是一种罕见的、缓慢进展的、组织形态学上不同的肿瘤实体，可出现在身体的任何部位。[
开放获取
DL-3-n-丁基苯酞治疗肌萎缩侧索硬化的多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照临床试验Mingsheng Liu, Xiaoli Yao, Xusheng Huang, Huifang Shang, Dongsheng Fan, Jia He, Liying Cui, the Chinese ALS Study Group
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002442
摘要
致编辑：DL-3-n-丁基苯酞(NBP)是一种基于从种子中提取的成分的合成药物香芹琳恩。（中国芹菜）。据报道，它对肌萎缩侧索硬化（ALS）模型小鼠具有保护作用。[
开放获取
老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者再入院相关的营养不良Ting Zhao, Jiayan Chen, Xiangyang Li, Yinggang Zhu
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002467
摘要
致编辑：与未再入院的慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者相比，再入院患者的死亡率显著更高（2.3%vs.13.4%),[
开放获取
ixekizumab在中国斑块型银屑病患者中的疗效和安全性He Huang, Min Chen, Wenjuan Wu, Tianhui Yang, Hao Liu, Zhengwei Zhu, Wenjun Wang, Sen Yang, Xian Ding, Hui Wang 等
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002390
摘要
致编辑：银屑病是一种常见的慢性丘疹鳞状皮肤病，在世界范围内发生，可在任何年龄出现，并给个人和社会带来巨大负担。白细胞介素（IL）-17A被认为是诱导银屑病炎症和组织损伤的关键效应细胞因子。[
开放获取
机器人辅助单肺移植Wenjie Jiao, Ronghua Yang, Yandong Zhao, Nan Ge, Tong Qiu, Xiao Sun, Yingzhi Liu, Kun Li, Zhiqiang Li, Wencheng Yu 等
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002462
摘要
致编辑：目前，肺移植通常通过横向胸骨切开术或用于双肺移植的胸骨切开术或用于单肺移植的后外侧胸骨切开术进行。然而，这些极具侵入性的方法可能导致术后早期疼痛，延迟伤口愈合，并导致慢性开胸术后神经痛，这可能影响患者的生活质量。[
开放获取
circRNA在胆道闭锁和胆总管囊肿中的表达Wenjie Zhang, Zhouguang Wu, Siqi Chen, Taoyan Zuo, Zhen Cheng, Jingru Fu, Bin Wang
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002079
摘要
到编辑：胆道闭锁（BA）是一种罕见的闭塞性胆管病，发生于婴儿期，伴有破坏性肝脏炎症和肝纤维化。尽管最近研究表明转化生长因子-β（TGF-β)在BA的肝纤维化和炎症中起重要作用，其疾病机制仍知之甚少。环状RNA（circRNAs）是最近发现的一类独特的具有高特异性的调节RNA分子。由于先前的证据将circRNAs与TGF-β炎症信号通路的调节联系起来，我们进一步研究了circRNAs在BA中的潜在调节作用，并发现了对BA发病机制的新见解。BA的特征是受影响肝脏中的破坏性炎症和纤维化，破坏肝外胆管并扰乱胆汁流动。如果不及时治疗，BA会迅速恶化并导致毁灭性的后果。手术干预，即Kasai肝门肠吻合术，是BA患者最常见的治疗选择。不幸的是，在40%至50%的患者中，胆汁引流在手术后未能改善，并且大多数最终需要肝移植。作为炎症反应的关键调节因子和指标，TGF-β在BA婴儿中上调。[
开放获取
松果体母细胞瘤：幼儿的预后因素和生存结果Boran Chen, Yanjie Zhao, Chaoyue Chen
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002063
摘要
致编辑：松果体母细胞瘤（PB）是一种罕见的松果体实质起源的胚胎性肿瘤，是儿童和青少年经常诊断的世界卫生组织IV级病变。一项基于文献的研究显示，与>5岁的患者相比，≤5岁的患者预后更差（5年生存率：15%vs.57%,P<0.001).[
开放获取
预测环扎术后极早产的临床因素Xuping Ye, Yuezhou Yang, Jun Li, Kaikai Chang, Huan Xu
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002188
摘要
致编辑：环扎术可降低宫颈功能不全患者的早产率并改善围产期结局。然而，以前关于这个主题的发现是不一致的。许多临床因素影响环扎术的结果。据报道，妊娠32周后出生的新生儿发病率显著降低。[
开放获取
巨大腹膜后脂肪肉瘤术后5年生存率及复发的临床分析Huan Deng, Bo Cao, Hao Cui, Runkai Chen, Hanghang Li, Ruiyang Zhao, Lin Chen, Bo Wei
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002405
摘要
致编辑：腹膜后脂肪肉瘤（RLS）是一种起源于腹膜后的罕见恶性肿瘤。它被评估为腹膜后肉瘤最常见的类型。RLS根据病理分类可分为四种亚型，包括高分化脂肪肉瘤（WDL）、去分化脂肪肉瘤（DDL）、粘液样细胞脂肪肉瘤（MLS）和多形性脂肪肉瘤（PLS）。[
开放获取
吲哚菁绿介导的抗菌光动力疗法辅助非手术牙周治疗：一项系统综述和荟萃分析Kai Zhao, Weibing Zhang, Shaoru Wang, Jingjing Liu, Xinjuan Yu, Zhenggang Chen
中华医学杂志英文版2023年 136卷 03期
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002231
摘要
致编辑：慢性牙周炎已被定义为一种缓慢进展的疾病。在大多数情况下，缩放和根面规划（SRP）提供了令人满意的预后。然而，由于牙龈下复杂的解剖结构，仅靠非手术牙周治疗很难防止菌斑再定植和彻底清除深袋中的牙结石。[
本期目次
下载本期封面 下载本期目录
