Despite the progress in the use of programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic lung cancer, most patients still fail to obtain good therapeutic results. Even when combined with first-line double chemotherapy, most patients still showed tumor progression within 12 months. To address this challenge, adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using autologous or allogeneic T cells is a powerful strategy. ACT therapy using tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) cultured from patient tumors has achieved lasting complete remission in the treatment of metastatic melanoma, and this therapy makes lasting remission of the tumor possible. The durable role of TIL in a variety of epithelial malignancies, including cholangiocarcinoma, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer, has also been reported. However, this approach has not been evaluated in metastatic lung cancer.
