systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common systemic autoimmune disease in China, with an incidence rate of 30.13~70.41/100,000 people. The kidney is the organ most commonly involved in SLE, and 40% to 60% of SLE patients have lupus nephritis (LN) at the beginning of the disease. In China, nearly half of SLE patients have complicated LN, which is higher than that of Caucasians[1,2,3]It is the most common secondary immune glomerular disease in China[4,5,6]。 LN is mainly caused by renal damage caused by circulating or in situ immune complex deposition, and a small portion of SLE is caused by non-immune complex pathway (such as lupus interstitial nephritis), or renal vascular disease damages the kidney. Genetic factors play an important role in the occurrence and development of SLE and LN, and influence treatment response and long-term prognosis[7]。 At the same time, there are regional differences in the occurrence of LN in China, and the proportion of LN in SLE kidney injury increases with the decrease of latitude[8], indicating that environmental factors play an important role in the occurrence of LN.
