1987年 · 第100卷第12期

The formation of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis can be estimated by measuring the concentration of calcium oxalate versus the inhibitory role of crystal formation in the urine. In recent studies, the calcium oxalate saturation index and the inhibitory activity (by modified Sarig's method) of the urine during fasting and after oral calcium loading in normal subjects and in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis were determined. It was shown that, in normal controls after calcium loading the inhibitory activity of the urine increased in parallel with the increase in urinary excretion of calcium oxalate; in contrast, in patients with kidney stones, it remained unchanged or fell slightly. This abnormal response might result in a disturbance of the saturation-inhibition balance and formation of kidney stone. In normal individuals, there may be a "protective response" to prevent the precipitation of calcium oxalate when the urine is oversaturated with calcium oxalate while a defect of the "protective response" in patients may be an important factor in calcium oxalate stone formation.

Enzyme stability and enzyme kinetic studies with plasmid-mediated and chromosome-mediated beta-lactamases against cefotaxime, cefoperazone and other cephalosporins were performed using spectro-photometry. Beta-lactamases were extracted from gram-negative organisms and identified by isoelectric focusing with the special reagent nitrocefin. The relative hydrolysis rate (%), Michaelis-Menten constant (Km), maximum velocity (Vmax) and inhibition constant (Ki) were obtained and used as indicators for comparative study of enzyme stability in six cephalosporins. The affinity of compounds bindinp; to target sites of beta-lactamases was also determined. The results show that cefotaxime is the most enzyme stable drug among the cephalosporins studied. The Vmax of TEM-1, SHV-I and P99 enzyme hydrolyzing cefotaxime was less than 0.10% as compared with cephaloridine. Cefotaxime demonstrates high affinity to the chromosome-mediated enzyme P99, and its Ki value is 0.036 µm. Cefoperazone exhibits less enzyme inhibitory activity and is unstable with most of the beta-lactamases used.

Six cases of total anomalous pulmoanry venous drainage (TAPVD) were surgically repaired in the past 5 years. There were 2 cases of the intracardiac type, 3 of the supracardiac type and 1 of the mixed type. There was no surgical mortality and the follow-up ranged from 3 months to 5 years. One late death was due to pulmonary edema 10 months after operation. The other 5 were living and well. In the case of mixed type, it was a cor triatriatum associated with anomalous left pulmonary venous drainage into the innominate vein. Embryo-logically, it was an incomplete form of TAPVD and was successfully repaired. This type of anomalous drainage is rare and its successful repair has seldom been reported.

This paper reports 6 cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia treated by all-trans retinoic acid (RA) with or without cytosine arabinoside (10 mg, IM, every 12 hours). All obtained complete remission. In vitro, bone marrow leukemic promyelocytes from these patients matured morphologically in suspension culture with RA (1-5 µm). No changes took place in the controls. Chloroacetate esterase, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase stains and electron microscopic examination confirmed that RA-cultured cells differentiated into granulocytes with increased functional maturation (measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction). The data suggest that RA may be an effective drug in acute promyelocytic leukemia.

An outbreak of type I Legionnaires' disease (LD) was confirmed etiologically and serologically. The morbidity was 38.2%. No significant correlation was found between incidence and sex, or age, or history of smoking. The case distribution showed a significant degree of housing (p<0.01). The possibility of infection through water and air contamination was eliminated. This paper shows evidence of person-to-person transmission. The infection may affect many body systems and lacks specific symptoms in our 39 LD cases.

In this study, 40 patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD) and 17 control subjects underwent radionuclide ventriculography at rest and during semiuprlight bicycle exercise. In 14 of the 40 CAD patients, radionuclide exercise studies were repeated 20 minutes after 20 mg of sublingual nifedipine. During exercise, patients with right CAD had an abnormal right ventricular ejection fraction response. The change in right ventricular ejection fraction correlated with that in the left ventricular ejection fraction (r=0.44). Nifedipine improved both right and left ventricular response to exercise. This study suggests that in CAD, an abnormal right ventricular functional reserve is related to tight coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. Nifedipine improves right ventricular exercise performance.

The subclasses of mononuclear cell infiltrates and T cell activity in tumor tissue as weU as early decidua and placental villi were studied in situ to clarify the differences and similarities between tumor immunity and pregnancy immunity. Biopsies of mucosal specimens from patients with chronic gastritis and colitis were used as controls. It was found that there were numerous inactive T lymphocytes in tumor interstitium and decidua whereas there were numerous activated T cells in inflammatory mucosa, and there were hardly any lymphocytes in tumor parenchyma and villous tissue. In other words, there is no effector - target contact in tumor immunity and pregnancy immunity, indicating certain similarities between them.

Before and after the intravenous administration of Ligustrazini, hemorrheology, pulmonary hemodynamics and right cardiac function were studied in 49 patients with advanced cor pulmonale. It was found after one course of treatment that Ligustrazini had the effects of decreasing mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, increasing cardiac output and improving right cardiac function and hemorrheologic quality. These findings indicate that Ligustrazini has the effects of vasodilation and improving hemorrheologic quality in advanced cor pulmonale due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The caudal spinal trigeminal (CST) nucleus synapse consists of the pre- and postsynaptic membranes and synaptic cleft. The active sites of the synapse consists of the presynaptic membranes. There are accumulated dense substances on the pre- and postsynaptic membranes, especially on the latter. Occasionally, subsynaptic cytoplasmic dense bodies are seen in the postsynaptic element, and intersynaptic filaments are found within the synaptic clefts. Synaptic vesicles are located in the presynaptic terminals, Spherical, flat, granular and agranular synaptic vesicles are observed in presynaptic terminals. Numerous axon terminals, dendrites and axo-dendritic, axosomatic, axoaxonic and dendrodendritic synapses were identified in the CST nucleus. The dendrites were classified into type I (without synpatic vesicles) and type II (few synaptic vesicles). According to the vesicle shape, the nuclear synapses are divided into S (spherical), F (flat), S-F and F-S types. Among the observed synapses, about 20% were synaptic glomeruli. The functional significance of the synaptic pattern, glomeruli and vesicles in the CST nucleus are discussed.

To study the interaction in vitro between nonactivated alveolar macrophages (AM) with T. vulgaris, one of the main pathogens of farmer's lung in Hong-hua area, Hubei Province, cell cultures at different time intervals were observed by inverted microscope, light microscope and electron microscope. In addition, quantitative measurement of acid phosphatase in cultured cells was made with MPV-2 microscope photometer. The results showed that normal nonactivated AM can engulf T. vulgaris, but lysosomal enzymes can not rapidly digest these spores. Phagocytosis is conducive to the formation of multinuclear giant cells (p<0.05) and increases the acid phosphatase activity (p<0.01). These facts suggest that the pathogenesis of farmer's lung is closely related to the persistent presence of the spores of T. vulgaris in the lungs and to an increase in the synthesis and secretion of lysosomal enzymes in AM.