1986年 · 第99卷第01期

The present study is the first one in which cardiac output and mean right atrial pressure (mRAP) were measured by Swan-Ganz catheter following injection of human alpha atrial natriuretic peptide (cardionatrin, α-HANP). The effects of cardionatrin were investigated in two male patients with congestive heart failure. A dosage of 400 μg α-HANP was administered to each patient by Swan Ganz catheter or intravenously. The α-HANP in duced a significant increase in cardiac output (from 4.99 L/min to 7.64 L/min) and cardiac index (from 2.56 to 3.92 L/min/m2 reaching the peak level in 15-30 min and lasting for 2 hours. It also induced an immediate fall in mRAP. The peak effect was observed 30 min after administration. Marked decrease of mRAP (from 22 mmHg to 10 mmHg) was observed. The predominant cardiac index increasing effect and mRAP depressing effect were both lasted for 1½ to 2 hours. Heart rate and ventricular ectopic beats were reduced significantly. After α-HANP, urinary sodium increased 3-fold in the two cases, urine volume and potassium excretion increased variably within 4-hour of injection. In one patient, the urine volume excretion increased profoundly, but only slightly increased in the other. There were no significant changes in blood pressure. The congestive heart failure were improved in the two patients. No significant side effects were observed. The results are encouraging.

Smoking among workers, doctors, college faculty members and students was surveyed, including 3,253 subjects, 1,538 male and 1,715 female. They were divided into 5 age groups. It was found that 48.3% of the males and 2.2% of females smoked. There were significant differences in smoking rates among people of different occupations. The smoking rate of workers was the highest (86.4%), followed by that of doctors (38.7%), college faculty members (31.2%) and students (22.6%). The smoking rate of female workers was 4.6%, female college faculty members 1.0% and female doctors 0.2%, but none of the female college students smoked. The smoking rate does not increase with age, but there is evidence that smoking is more prevalent among young men. The stopped smoking rate varied among people of different professions. In contrast to the smoking rate, the stopped smoking rate of male college students was the highest, followed by male college faculty members, male doctors and female and male workers. Most smokers began cigarette smoking before the age of 30. Workers started to smoke earlier than doctors and college faculty members. The number of years of smoking increased with the smokers' age. In all the four professions, most of the smokers consumed less than 10 cigarettes per day. Those who consumed 11-20 cigarettes daily were much more numerous among male workers than others.

Forty-six patients with epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) admitted during 1982-1983 were studied, including detection of immune complexes on the surface of RBC and platelet, hemorrheology, platelet agglutination function, biopsy of cutaneous petechiae and observation of complement activation. The study indicates that the pathogenesis of EHF is closely related to the immunopathologic injury of the host.

Propranolol at 30-60 mg orally daily is proven by rheohepatogram to lower portal hypertension in cirrhotic portal hypertensives as effectively as shunt therapy in 51 appropriately selected patients. The drug mechanism of action and long-term therapy side effects required further study, immediate side effects entailed only weakness in a few patients.

For a long time, that cells susceptible to polio-virus infection are limited only to primates has been reported. We used the established muntiacus muntjak lung diploid cell line (KIZ-7901) to study the biological effects of poliovirus infection. Results showed that chromosome aberration rates of the cells infected with 100 TCD50 of the virus per cell were 9.0-14.7%, while that of the control cells was only 3%. Chromosome aberration types included break, fragment, dicentric chromosome, circular chromosome, interchange, translocation, deletion and chromosome lysis. The viris induced very significant sister chromatid exchange rates. No specific cytopathic effect was found after infection. The virus did not obviously inhibit the cell division and proliferation either. But the infectious virus particles or the virus antigenic substances were found in the infected cells by virus titration, inclusion bodies examination, indirect immunofluorescence technique and electron microscopic examination. It is clear that poliovirus could pro duce a strong cell genetic effect and lead to non-killing-cell infection in the non-primate cells.

Bipedal rats were produced by clipping their forclimbs and tails within one week of birth. By using light microscope (LM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron micros cope (TEM), the articular cartilaginous layer of the superior circular portion of the femoral heads was examined at 3 and 6 months of age, and compared with that of the quadruped rats. In the normal controls, normal morphology of the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone was seen in most of the femoral head specimens. In the bipedal rats, proliferation of the subchondral bone, thinning of the articular surface and pseudomucinous cyst formation in the cartilaginous matrix were seen. TEM and SEM observations demonstrated changes in accord with the findings of LM. Bipedal rats are animal models suitable for the study of medical agents which might retard or reverse cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis.

In seven children with traumatic subdural hygroma, most of them showed increased intracranial pressure with focal neurologic deficits. The diagnosis of the disease was made by cerebral angiography, CT scan, ultrasonography, and diagnostic subdural tapping or craniotomy. We conclude that craniotomy or continuous drainage of hygroma should be dependent on the mature of hygroma and age of patients.

Suppurative cholangitis (SC) and bilirubin cholangiolithiasis (BC) are twin diseases of the same etiology and one of the most serious epidemic diseases in China. It seems that the biliary stasis and infection of enterogenous bacteria are two of the most important pathogenic factors in these diseases. This paper presents the successful production of the model of SC and BC by mimicking these two factors. The model is based on a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the experimental animal's hepatobiliary system and an appropriate design of the experimental operative procedures for making partial obstruction and bacterial contamination in a part of the biliary tree. In the anticipatory experiment typical pathological changes of suppurative cholangitis were displayed in all the involved hepatobiliary system of the survival rabbits, and bilirubin gallstones appeared in the gallbladders and the extra and intrahepatic bile ducts of more than 80% of the rabbits. In the repetitive all the survivals suffered from cholangitis and bilirubin gall-stones. In the comparative tests, the animals, that only had operative trauma, bacterial contamination or partial or complete obstruction in their biliary trees, did not demonstrate simultaneous pathological changes of SC and BC. In this paper, the current situation of the animal models of gallstone formation, the basis and essentials of making models, and the significance of the animal model are discussed.

In 24 patients with electrical burns of the skull, the necrotic skull was treated by a new approach, which includes the use of an adjacent scalp flap to be rotated forward over the necrotic skull. The pathological findings of the full-thickness necrosed skull before and after scalp flap coverage have supported the point that subsequent regeneration of the necrosed skull occurs under the protection of a scalp flap.