1980年 · 第93卷第04期

This paper reports the results of antibacterial, pharmacologic and clinical studies on the sulfonamides, trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfonamide-TMP combinations manufactured in China. Bacterial sensitivity tests of these drugs were carried out on 3,549 strains of pathogens, belonging to 18 bacterial species, isolated clinically. When combined with TMP, the antibacterial activities of the sulfonamides were greatly enhanced particularly on Staph. aureus, E. coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and proteus spp, which were approximately similar to those of kanamycin or gentamycin. Under similar conditions the blood and urine concentrations of 7 different kinds of sulfonamides and TMP administered orally, intramuscularly, and intravenously were determined in a group of healthy volunteers. The data indicate that sulfadiazine (SD), which for a long time had been considered as a short-acting drug and its dosage was greater than actually needed, is a medium-acting sulfonamide. In our study, SD was used in reduced dosage in the treatment of various infections, and favorable clinical results were obtained with much fewer side effects. Sulfonamides alone and their combination with T'MP were used in 2,486 patients of typhoid fever, pneumonia, bacillary dysentery, acute and chronic urinary infections etc., the effective rates being 83.3% and 92.5% respectively. It is better to use sulfonamide compounds in patients suffering from various infections with the exception of meningococcal meningitis. In more severe cases, it is advisable to take the drug by parenteral routes at the start, in order that effective serum levels may be reached as early as possible. Preliminary data indicated that SD compound used instead of SMZ compound in various clinical situations is just as effective if not more so. Both the two sulfonamide compounds are commonly used in our clinics at present.

938 compounds were tested against experimental leptospirosis on hamsters in a joint screening program launched between 1969-1973. Attention was later focussed on imidazole derivatives from which compounds with the basic structure as depicted in the formula where R=H, OH, OAlkyl, or NH2 were found to be active. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) was discussed. Ethyl 4(5)-imidazolecarboxylate (Code No. C-751) was selected for further studies in experimental therapy. it was shown to be highly effective in protecting from death golden hamsters challenge with lethal doses of L. ictero-haemorrhagiae Lai strain and L. canicola. However, its action was essentially inhibitive in nature. The drug disappeared rapidly from the gastrointestinal tract and was present as such in the blood. It was found to cross the blood brain barrier readily, undergo partial hydrolysis in the liver and largely eliminated through the kidney. Urinary excretion in the first 24 hours after administration accounted for most part of C-751 and its metabolite excreted. The drug was found to have low toxicity and to be well tolerated. Clinical trials have fully substantiated its therapeutic effectiveness against leptospirosis in man caused by L. ictetro-haemorrhagiae, L. grippotyphosa, L. autumnalis, L. canicola, L. pyrogenes, L. hyos, L. pomona, L. javanica, and L. australis. Clinical trials were carried out on 202 cases of leptospirosis. 201 cases were cured.

90 cases of breast cancer, 25 Stage I, 29 Stage II and 36 Stage III, were treated with preoperative colchicine preparations (extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Iphigenia indica A Grey 山慈菇), mastectomy and postoperative irradiation. 54 (60%) had axillary lymphnode metastases. All except 1 patient were followed up for 5 years postoperatively, 2 died of unknown causes. The overall survival rate was 66.6% (60/90), in those with and without axillary metastasis the survival rate was 51.8% (2.8/54) and 88.8% (32/36). The 5 year survival rate for Stage I patients was 96% (24/25), for Stage II 72.4% (21/29) and for stage III 41.7% (15/36). The treatment failed in 27. The preoperative drug used was colchicine compound in 55 patients and synthetic colchicine amide in 35. The former was given at 2 mg i.v. daily to totals of 20-100 mg (50-70 mg in 60%) with an objective response rate of 33.3% (complete regression and >50% tumor volume reduction). The latter was given at i.v. 10-15 mg daily to totals of 100-600 mg (100-400 mg in 70%) with an objective response rate of 16.5% (complete regression and>50% tumor volume reduction).

1,000 cases of cesarean section under acupuncture anesthesia (AA) are presented, the success rate is 98.4% and the combined rate of Grades 1 and 2 is 75.8%. The clinical effects and conditions during and after operation are analyzed. Similar cases of cesarean section under epidural anesthesia during the same period are used for comparison. AA is a fairly good anesthetic method for cesarean section. It can be used in patients with pregnancy toxemia, anemia and other complications. Its advantages are stability of blood pressure and pulse during opertion, less blood loss, rapid recovery after operation, safety, simplicity, lack of complications or anesthesia accidents.

His bundle potential conducts to the body surface with a signal/noise (s/n) ratio equal to or lower than 1. In all the published literature, it is stated that His bundle electrocardiogram (HBE) is shown by using the averaging method to make the s/n ratio larger than 1. In this paper, by correlation analysis, body-surface HBE is displayed in a special-purpose electronic computer. The correlation coefficients of the P-A, A-H, H-V intervals and the H-wave width measured by both methods are extremely large and can be substituted for each other. Compared with the averaging method, the s/n ratio of the correlation method is higher and there is little residual noise. Furthermore, in indicates the effect of integrating T time and delay time AT on the s/n ratio, the measuring resolution and the analytical time.

A chromosome analysis of cultured peripheral blood cells from 41 untreated patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 21 healthy controls was made by conventional and banding methods. It was found that both the numerical and structural aberration rates of the patient group were much higher than those of the control group. Most extra and missing chromosomes belonged to group C, and less to groups G, F and A. Furthermore, several kinds of abnormal chromosomes were observed in a few metaphases from some patients. Based on the data obtained, the genesis of some translocation chromosomes and the source as well as the implication of the aberrant cells are discussed. It is suggested that the increased aberration rates and the presence of some abnormal chromosomes might be a reflection of the general chromosome instability in NPC patients.

70 cases of multiple sclerosis were seen at the Department of Neurology of Capital Hospital in 1949-1977. There were 25 males and 45 females averaging of 30.6 years of age. The most frequent sites of the lesions based on the clinical symptomatology were the spinal cord and optic nerve, the cerebellum was much less frequently involved. The onset of the disease was acute or subacute in 63 cases. Remission and relapse were observed in 62 cases. There were 9 deaths. The survival times of these 9 cases after onset of illness was l/4-4 years, 6 surviving less than 2 years. The clinical manifestations and pathologic findings noted in the present series support the opinion that optic neuromyelitis is but a variant of multiple sclerosis.

9 cases of limb-pain epilepsy are presented. The characteristics of the disease are described.

The authors report 6 cases of echinococcus cysts of the central nervous system including 1 case of septem pellucidum echinococcus cyst and 1 case of a cyst located in the anterior part of the third ventricle. Their clinical characteristics, EEG picture, angiographic and ventriculographic findings, diagnosis and surgical treatment are discussed.

A traction apparatus for fracture of the shaft of the femur is described. It has the advantages of being easy to operate, suitable for fractures of any part of the femoral shaft, and conducive to continuous traction. Clinical use in 44 cases has been satisfactory.