2011年 · 第34卷第05期

There are many things in the world that can be forgotten once they have passed, but the teachers' teachings should always be remembered.

On March 18th, 2011, the early spring in Beijing turned warm and cold, and there were waves of chill floating in the air. However, at this time, the conference hall of Beijing Exhibition Hall was crowded with people, and people in the publishing industry were enthusiastic and gathered together. The second China Publishing Government Award Ceremony was being held grandly. Liu Yunshan, Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee, Liu Yandong, Member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and State Councilor, sent congratulatory letters. Sun Jiazheng, Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and other leaders attended the award ceremony.

Among benign tracheal and bronchial lesions, bronchial tuberculosis is the most common. At present, the incidence of bronchial tuberculosis is increasing. According to the author's personal outpatient and consultation observations, I think there are still inadequate places in the treatment of bronchial tuberculosis. Let's talk about my personal opinions. Please criticize and correct the inadequacies.

Bronchoscopy is an important diagnostic and therapeutic technique in respiratory medicine, which has been widely used in clinical practice. Bronchoscopy is generally safe, but there have been some cases of death due to serious complications. The incidence of mild complications is about 0.8%, the incidence of severe complications is about 0.08% ~0.5%, and the mortality rate is about 0.01% ~0.04%^[1,2,3,4]。

Benign central airway stenosis refers to stenosis that occurs in the central airway (trachea, bilateral main bronchus and right middle bronchus) due to benign lesions. The treatment of benign airway stenosis is a difficult point in interventional pulmonology. With the further understanding of the mechanism of benign airway stenosis, the continuous improvement of various interventional methods and the emergence of new methods, the treatment of benign airway stenosis will also achieve better results.

In recent decade, selective bronchial occlusion (SBO) has been widely used in clinical practice as a new interventional bronchoscopy technique for the treatment of refractory pneumothorax. Zeng Yiming et al^[1]Watanabe, et al^[2]And Travalin and Robert^[3]The successful experience of treating refractory pneumothorax with autologous blood, bronchial plug and pulmonary volume reduction valve (one-way valve) was reported. At present, the application of SBO is widespread, but how to standardize the operation is still one of the problems to be discussed. The author summarizes the indications and operation procedures of bronchial occlusion in the treatment of refractory pneumothorax based on his own ten years of clinical practice experience and related literatures for exploration and reference.

In medicine, diseases are often named after the surname of the person who discovered them, and Wegener's granuloma is named after the surname of German physician Friedrich Wegener (1907-1990).

tracheomalacia is a disease in which the elastic fibers of the trachea are atrophied and reduced due to various reasons, or the integrity of the tracheal cartilage is damaged, which causes the airway to become soft and easy to collapse^[1]。 Softening may occur locally in the tracheal cartilage or affect all tracheal cartilage, even involving the main bronchus. Depending on the softening site, if the main bronchus is involved, it is called tracheobronchomalacia (tracheobronchomalacia); bronchomalacia is called when only the main bronchomalacia occurs without lesions in the trachea. With the improvement of diagnostic technology in recent years, the understanding of tracheomalacia is more in-depth, but its treatment is still difficult. Tracheomalacia can occur in both adults and children and is divided into congenital and acquired. Congenital tracheomalacia is more common in children, while acquired tracheomalacia is more common in adults. At present, there are many reports on tracheomalacia in children, but less attention is paid to adults. The etiology, classification, clinical manifestations, treatment methods and effects of tracheomalacia in adults are summarized as follows.

Bronchial asthma (asthma for short) is a chronic airway inflammatory disease characterized by reversible airflow restriction, and its incidence has increased significantly worldwide. The results of epidemiological studies show that environmental pollution may be one of the causes of its disease. Cigarette smoke is an important environmental pollutant. In recent years, the results of research show that mother smoking during pregnancy, passive smoking and active smoking in children can increase the incidence of asthma. Long-term smoking can increase the severity and mortality of asthma attack, and reduce the response to glucocorticoid (abbreviated as hormone) treatment. This paper reviews the relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and the onset and development of asthma and its influencing mechanisms.

Bronchial asthma (asthma for short) is a disease affected by environmental factors and genetic factors, which is related to polygenic inheritance. The deintegrin-metalloproteinase 33 (ADAM33) gene is a newly discovered member of the ADAM family in recent years, which is closely related to airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma^[1]。 In this study, modern molecular biology methods were applied to detect the polymorphisms of F +1, S2, T2 and V4 locus of ADAM33 gene, aiming to understand the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ADAM33 gene and asthma, so as to explore the role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of asthma at the molecular level.

Because the clinical symptoms of children suffering from tuberculosis are atypical and diverse, children often do not get timely diagnosis and treatment. Among them, the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is relatively low, and some lesions are hidden, which is easy to be misdiagnosed or misdiagnosed^[1]。 This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 298 children with extrapulmonary tuberculosis admitted to Yuying Children's Hospital affiliated to Wenzhou Medical College from January 2000 to December 2009, to explore the incidence and clinical characteristics of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children, aiming at improving the early diagnosis rate of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

At present, it is believed that that mutation of the rpoB gene encoding the beta subunit of RNA polymerase caused rifampicin to be unable to bind to it and resulted in resistance to rifampicin^[1]。 The rpoB gene mutations of monoresistant strains were mainly distributed in the rifampin resistance determining region (RRDR), and 95% ~98% of the rifampin-resistant strains were found by detecting specific mutations in the RRDR region^[1]However, the resistance mechanism of 2% ~5% drug-resistant strains is still unknown. In this study, the mutation analysis of the rpoB coding region of the rifampicin resistance-related gene in a larger sample size of multidrug-resistant MTB was performed to further elucidate its resistance mechanism.

A 25-year-old female was admitted to the respiratory department of Beijing Tiantan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University in 2010 due to "fatigue and anorexia for more than 1 month, accompanied by cough, expectoration and fever for 2 days". The patient developed fatigue and anorexia without obvious trigger one month before admission, and started coughing, coughing yellow phlegm, fever, body temperature as high as 39 ℃, accompanied by chills and general muscle soreness two days ago. One day before admission, the chest X-ray showed a patchy shadow of the left lung, and the left pleural lesion was suspected. The gas-liquid plane was visible in the projection area of the left pneumonia, so it was considered "pleurisy" and admitted to the hospital. Since the onset of the disease, the patient has poor appetite, good sleep, normal urine and defecation, and weight loss of about 2~3 kg. Past history: denied clear disease history, parents complained that they had suffered from "pneumonia" when they were young, poor physique, often cold, cough, expectoration, and improved after taking traditional Chinese medicine; Non-smoker, occasional drinker, denied history of food and drug allergies.

In this study, the effect of piperacillin/triazobactam replacing third and fourth generation cephalosporins on the acquisition rate of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) from rectal swabs of patients in the infected and non-infected groups of respiratory wards was observed. The results are reported below.

von Wiilebrand disease (vWD) is divided into two types: hereditary von Willebrand disease and acquired von Willebrand disease. Hereditary hemorrhagic disorders are more common abroad, but the incidence rate is low in China. Acquired von Willebrand disease can occur on the basis of a variety of diseases, and a few patients may have no underlying disease. In order to improve the diagnosis of recurrent hemoptysis caused by rare etiology, a patient with von Willebrand disease complicated with abnormal systemic artery supplying normal basal lung tissue of the left lower lung was reported.

The first event of Beijing Young Respiratory Scholars Salon 2011 was held on January 27, 2011. This event was hosted by Professor Gao Zhancheng of Peking University People's Hospital, with the theme of "Grasping the interdisciplinary disciplines of intensive care unit (ICU), sleep and tobacco control, and promoting the development of respiratory science".

In late spring, the grass grows and the orioles fly. In this vibrant moment, this magazine has a good news to share with readers, authors and editors. On March 18th, 2011, the evaluation and commendation of the second China Publishing Government Award ended successfully. This award is the highest national award in China's press and publishing industry, which is selected every three years. This year, the journal award was set up for the first time. Through the recommendation and selection of organizations at all levels, among nearly 10,000 kinds of journals in China, 20 kinds of journals won the journal award, including 10 kinds of scientific and technological journals, and this journal was fortunate to be ranked among them, ranking fifth. This is the common honor of all those who are engaged in scientific research, clinical practice, editing and publishing in the field of tuberculosis and respiration in China. This achievement is inseparable from your support and help. We sincerely express our gratitude to you all. In this issue, Director Li Wenhui and others wrote a review, "Now Stepping from the Beginning", which introduced the announcement of the award in detail, reviewed the development process and achievements made by this journal since its inception, celebrated the brilliant achievements made, and expressed the determination and expectation of redoubling efforts. At the same time, they called on the academic circles to pay attention to the problem of outflow of outstanding papers.