1992年 · 第105卷第07期

DNA stemlines of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model of adult Wistar rats established by diethylnitrosamine were quantitatively measured by flow cytometry. The cancer-inducing course was divided into four stages, eg, precirrhosis stage, cirrhosis stage, early cancer stage and cancer progression stage. The advantageous DNA stemline of hepatocytes of normal adult Wistar rats was tetraploid (4C). It was from the cirrhosis stage that atavistic proliferation of hepatocytes with diploid (2C) DNA stemline started and replaced 4C hepatocytes, resulting in a new advantageous population. The features of early cancer stage were formation of HCC with 2C DNA stemline, whereas during the cancer progression stage, HCC cells with aneuploid (AN) DNA stemline presented the advantageous growth. The study clearly shows the change pattern of DNA stemline during the course of hepatocarcinogenesis from 4C-2C-AN, which is believed to be the biokinetic mechanism of the development and progression of HCC.

Anti-HCV assay with ORTHO kits was done in 100 blood donors and recipients and 374 cases of viral hepatitis, including 65 cases of fulminant, subacute and chronic hepatic failure. None of the 100 blood donors and recipients showed positive anti-HCV response. Anti-HCV was positive in 7.6% of the patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, 9.7% of the patients with chronic active hepatitis and 23.1% of the patients with liver cirrhosis. High prevalence of anti-HCV was observed in subacute hepatic failure (60.8%) and chronic hepatic failure (53.9%). Fifty-two (83.9%) of 62 anti-HCV positive cases were infected concurrently with HBV. The incidence of HBV replicating marker in patients with HCV or co-infected with HBV was lower than that of those with HBV alone. It is suggested that HCV might inhibit the replication of hepatitis B virus. The mortality rate of patients with anti-HCV positive hepatic failure was higher than that of those with HBV infection. Therefore, anti-viral therapy for anti-HCV positive hepatic failure should be considered.

The passages 0 and 3 purified human bone marrow fibroblast layers (FLs) were established by long-term liquid cultures. After 12-day coculture of stromal. cell-depleted marrow cell suspensions with passage 0 FLs, 68.33±4.04% of the hemopoietic colonies adhered to FLs was myeloid in nature and the other 31.67±4.04% was erythroid. There were still CFU-E (colony forming unit-erythroid), BFU-E (burst forming unit- erythroid), and CFU-GM (colony forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage) among the nonadherent cells. The media conditioned by passage 0 (F0-CM) and passage 3(F3-CM) FLs stimulated the growth of myeloid and erythroid (BFU-E) colonies. From these data, it is concluded that both FLs and the media conditioned by fibroblasts can stimulate myeloid and erythroid hemopoiesis.

The effect of gluco- and mineralocorticoids on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene expression as well as plasma sodium and potassium concentrations was studied in both intact and adrenalectomized Wistar rats. Atria total RNA was extracted with cold phenol method and hybridized to α-32P labeled rat ANP-cDNA probe. The ANP gene transcripts in intact rats receiving dexamethasone and in adrenalectomized rats receiving both dexamethasone and deoxy-corticosterone increased by twofold, while there were no significant changes in the other groups. There were no parallel correlations between the rise of corticoid hormones-induced plasma Na+ concentration and the enhancement of rANP-mRNA level. The results suggest that glucocorticoids, when used together with mineralocorticoids, may directly increase ANP gene expression, whereas administration of mineralocorticoids alone has no effect on ANP gene expression.

To specifically detect the localization of thrombus in vivo, we prepared a monoclonal antibody (McAb) SZ-51 specific for an alpha-granule membrane protein (GMP-140) on the surface of activated human platelets. The thrombus binding rate in vitro was 80±5% for 131I-SZ-51 and 4.4±0.5% for 131I-nonimmune IgG. Owing to the crossreaction of McAb SZ-51 with the activated platelets of dogs, thrombus in the femoral artery and vein of dogs was formed and imaged with single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). The ratio of thrombus to blood radioactivity (T/B) was 2.1, 4.8, 14.0 and 18.0 at 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after injection of 131I-SZ-51 (0.6 mCi, 50 μg) into the arterial thrombus respectively, while the T/B ratio was 1.7, 2.2, 5.3 and 8.0 for venous one. The injection of 131I-nonimmune IgG at the same doses yielded a T/B ratio of 1.2±0.3 at each time period for both arterial and venous thrombi. These findings were in good agreement with the counting of removed thrombi 24 hours after the injection of radiotracer. The ratio was 21.7 and 2.6 for the131I-SZ-51 in the arterial and venous thrombus, respectively. However, there were only 1.48 and 1.6 for the 131I-nonimmune IgG. These results indicate the great potentiality of McAb SZ-51 in application to detection of thrombi in vivo.

Serum antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi was measured in 33 patients with sarcoidosis which was confirmed clinically and pathologically. The results showed that 81.8% of the patients were positive for anti-B. burgdorferi antibody. In addition, a strain of B. burgdorferi was isolated from a patient's blood. Fifteen patients received ceftriaxone 2g per day or penicillin 12 million U per day. The antibody titers of the patients decreased to nearly normal levels rapidly. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme (SACE) turned to normal range after the treatment. According to the findings mentioned above, we consider that B. burgdorferi infection may be the cause of sarcoidosis and sarcoidosis might be a specific type of Lyme disease.

Of 40 patients with cervical spine tumor treated from 1980 to 1990, 24 had a primary tumor and 16 a metastatic tumor. Thirty-four patients were operated on through anterior and 5 through posterior approach. Preoperative neck pain was relieved and muscular strength of shoulder and arm increased after operation. Total excision methylmethacrylate or metal prosthesis replacement was used. Total excision of the lesion was emphasized for preventing the recurrence of the tumor. Indications and aims of the operation are discussed.

Of 22 patients with different kinds of oculomotor neuropathy syndrome (ONS), 18 were initially suspected of suffering from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, in a series of evaluations, their diagnoses eventually proved to be other diseases such as cranial neuritis, aneurysm of intracranial internal carotid artery, chordoma, etc. The remaining four patients initially diagnosed as having aneurysm of skull base or pituitary lesion were actually NPC sufferers. Therefore, one should be very careful in differentiating NPC from many other diseases contributing to the similar manifestation of ONS.

Since March 1986, the authors have studied and simplified the corneal cryopreservation technique using a self-made QL Bio-freezer. On the basis of successful animal experiments, penetrating keratoplasties with human cadaver corneas cryopreserved 9 to 571 days (averaging 131 days) were performed in 60 patients (61 eyes). The patients were followed up for 1.5 to 50 months. 41 of the corneal grafts remained clear, 9 became translucent and 11 cloudy. A total of 46 eyes had their visual acuity improved significantly. The results show that clinical use of corneal cryopreservation by the simplified two-step method is noteworthy.

A rabbit model of glial epiretinal membrane was established following the injection of activated macrophages into the vitreous. The membrane was composed entirely of cells with glial characteristics, ie, abundant intermediate filaments, microvilli, junctional complexes and basement membranes. The extracellular matrix of the mature membranes contained collagen fibrils of 10 to 15 and 20 to 25 nm in diameter. Fusiform densities were seen adjacent to the cell membrane and cells with indented nuclei were found in thick membranes. These observations demonstrate that glial cells in epiretinal membranes may synthesize collagen and possess myofibroblast-like properties.

A case of severe hemophilia A was treated by living mother-to-son splenic transplantation. The recipient was a 9-year-old boy. After splenic transplantation, the level of blood factor Ⅲ:C was increased, and no spontaneous hemorrhage occurred. The boy was followed up for over two years. This is a case of spleen allotransplantation with the longest function in the world.

According to the National Sample Survey of Blindness and Low Vision, the prevalence of blindness in China was 0.43%, resulting chiefly from cataract (41.06%), corneal diseases (15.38%), trachoma (10.87%), and glaucoma (8.80%); and the prevalence of low vision in China was 0.58%, of which the main causes were cataract (49.83%), ametropia/amblyopia (14.98%), trachoma (9.55%), corneal diseases (8.48%), chorioretinal diseases (6.27%), etc. Among children under 14 years of age, the leading cause of blindness and low vision was heredity (48.46%). Among elderly of 60 years and over, the leading cause of blindness and low vision was cataract (73.13%).