2007年 · 第120卷第02期

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is symptomatic obstruction or occlusion of the hepatic vein (HV) and/or upper inferior vena cava (IVC)。

Abstract：Background Budd-Chiari syndrome with hepatic vein occlusion (HVBCS) can induce severe portal hypertension and liver damage. We retrospectively analyzed hepatic CT features of HVBCS and evaluated the usefulness of triphasic enhancement of CT examinations and CT angiography (CTA) in its diagnosis.Methods Twenty-five cases with HVBCS, confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA), received a triphasic enhancement CT scan within one week before DSA. The CTA images of the relevant blood vessels were reconstructed with maximum intensity projection, volume rendering and oblique reformat techniques.Results Compared with DSA, the detection rate of transverse CT and CTA images for abnormal hepatic vein were 81.7% (58/71) and 95.8% (68/71) (χ2=7.044, P=0.008), for membranous obstruction were 47.4% (9/19) and 84.2% (16/19) respectively (χ2 =5.729, P=0.017 ), for segmental obstruction were 88.0% (22/25) and 100% (25/25) respectively (χ2=1.418, P=0.234). The detection rates for hepatic vein stenosis were 100% with each method. Diffuse hepatomegaly was found in all 6 cases in acute phase and 3 of 19 cases in chronic phase who had severe obstruction of three hepatic veins without patent intrahepatic collaterals. The other 16 cases in chronic phase had hepatatrophia to different extents related to the obstructed hepatic vein. All in acute phase and 15 in chronic phase presented typical patchy enhancement initially in caudate lobe and perihilar areas and enlarged with time delay. In all cases, parenchyma areas with atrophy, necrosis and congestion demonstrated lower and later enhancement. In all the parts, which had normal enhancement at least one patent outflow hepatic vein, accessory hepatic vein or collateral vessel was detected. Conclusion Dynamic enhancement CT examination by multislice spiral CT not only could improve the diagnosis of HVBCS by CTA technique, but also could noninvasively provide anatomical information and reveal damage to the hepatic parenchyma。

Abstract：Background Diabetic lower limb ischemia is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus.This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of distal arterial bypass treatment in diabetic patients with lower limb ischemia. Methods From July 2000 to July 2004, 96 lower limbs of 82 diabetic patients (type 2) with severe lower limb ischemia were treated in Xuan Wu Hospital. Arterial bypass with femoro-popliteal polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and graft-tibial autologous grafts was performed on 311 limbs (32.3%). Popliteal-tibial artery bypass alone was performed on 22 limbs (22.9%). Combined iliac artery stenting, femoro-popliteal artery PTFE graft bypass, and graft-tibial artery autologous graft bypass was performed on 12 limbs (12.5%), and femoro-tibial artery graft bypass was performed on 10 limbs (10.4%). Popliteal-tibial-pedal artery graft bypass was performed on 7 limbs (7.3%). Results Arterial grafts in 92 limbs of 79 patients were patent on discharge. Three patients with 4 ischemic limbs (3.7%)died of respiratory failure 12 hours, 3 days and 7 days after operation respectively. Early operation success rate was 96.3% (79/82). Graft patency rate of patients on discharge was 95.8% (92/96). The short-term total effectiveness rate was 83.3% (80/96). Foot ulcer healing rate was 35.7% (10/28). 97.4% (75/77) patients were followed up for a mean of 13.5 months. The long-term total effective rate was 80.7% (71/88). The total amputation rate was 4.5% (4/88). Mortality was 4.5%. The total graft patency rate was 90.9% (80/88).Conclusion In the treatment of diabetic foot, distal lower limb arterial bypass can help to avoid amputation or lower the amputation level, and may promote foot ulcer healing and improve patient's quality of life。

Abstract：Background Vitrification is a prospective technology in ovarian tissue cryopreservation, but it is still in an initial stage. This study was conducted to investigate a modified vitrification protocol for human ovarian tissue, which can be used as an alternative to preserve fertility for young women with cancer who have to undergo cytotoxic therapy and sterilization. Methods Ovarian tissue samples were collected from 15 patients and randomly allocated to groups of fresh, vitrification, and conventional slow freezing. A modified carrierless vitrification method was applied. The proportion of morphologically intact follicles in fresh ovarian tissues was compared with that in warmed/thawed tissues. The initial growth of the follicles and the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were detected to determine the viability and endocrine function of the cryopreserved tissues.Results The proportion of morphologically intact primordial follicles in the fresh group (97.6%) was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (vitrification group 80.3% and slow-freezing group 72.6%, P＜0.001). In both the vitrification and slow-freezing groups, estradiol and progesterone were secreted continuously during 2-week culture in vitro, the proportion of primary follicles were both significantly increased compared to the fresh group. No statistically significant differences existed between the two groups after cryopreservation in the proportion of both primordial and primary follicles, and the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone (P＞0.05).Conclusion The modified vitrification method for cryopreservation of human ovarian tissues is effective, simple, and inexpensive。

Abstract：Background Primary intraspinal hemangiopericytoma is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor with high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Surgery is the main therapeutic procedure for this lesion. This clinical research was undertaken to analyze the pathological characteristics, clinical course, and the choice of treatment for this lesion. Methods Twenty-three patients with primary intraspinal hemangiopericytomas were treated from 1987 to 2004. The clinical and imaging features, pathological findings, therapeutic procedures, and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively. Results Primary intraspinal hemangiopericytoma is more likely to attack middle-aged persons. The tumor mainly manifests as muscle weakness and sensor abnormalities. Microscopic examination showed slit-like vascular spaces and oral- or spindle-shaped cells with slightly acidic cytoplasm and oral nuclei. Tumors were subtotally resected in 11 patients, subtotally resected with postoperative radiotherapy in 4, totally resected in 5, and totally resected with postoperative radiotherapy in 3. Two patients were given spinal stabilization after total resection. Recurrence and metastatic rates were 50% and 0 in intradural patients. They were 73% and 27% in extradural patients, respectively. Conclusions The tumor should be resected en bloc with the neighboring dural mater to reduce recurrence and metastasis. Patients with subtotal resection need adjuvant radiotherapy. Patients with evident spinal involvement may benefit from spinal stabilization. The prognosis of the lesion arising from the dural mater is better。

Abstract：Background Anatomic and electrophysiological studies have revealed that the neurons located in the media vestibular nuclei (MVN) receive most of the sensory vestibular input coming from the ipsilateral labyrinth and the responses of MVN neurons to caloric stimulation directly reflect changes in primary vestibular afferent activity. The aim of this study was to clarify the intrinsic characteristics of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) release in the MVN during the period of vertigo induced by caloric stimulation.Methods We used an in vivo microdialysis technique to examine the effects of caloric stimulation on the serotoninergic system in MVN. Twenty four guinea pigs were randomly divided into the groups of irrigation of the ear canal with hot water (n=6), ice water (n=6) and 37℃ water (n=4), and the groups of irrigation of the auricle with hot water (n=4) and ice water (n=4), according to different caloric vestibular stimulation. We examined the animal's caloric nystagmus with a two-channel electronystagmographic recorder (ENG), and meanwhile examine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) level in the MVN with microdialysis technique after caloric stimulation. Results In the caloric test the hot water (44℃) irrigation of the right external auditory canal induced horizontal nystagmus towards the right side lasting about 60 seconds and the ice water irrigation of the right external auditory canal induced it towards the left side lasting for about 90 seconds. No nystagmus was induced by 37℃ water irrigation of the external ear canal. Therefore, it was used as a negative control stimulation to the middle ear. The MVN 5-HT levels significantly increased in the first 5-minute collecting interval and increased to 254% and 189% of the control group in the second collecting interval in response to caloric vestibular stimulation with ice water and hot water respectively. The serotonin release was not distinctly changed by the irrigation of the auricle with ice water or hot water. Conclusions Neither somato-sensory stimulation of the middle ear nor nonspecific cold or hot stress affects the serotonin release. The rise of 5-HT in MVN may be involved in the mechanism of vertigo induced by caloric stimulation。

Abstract：Background The outcome of surgical treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains poor. In many patients the biological behavior of NSCLC does not follow a definite pattern, and can not be accurately predicted before treatment. 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake on positron-emission tomography (PET) is associated with the aggressiveness of NSCLC. The present study focused on the role of 18F-FDG uptake in predicting the outcome of surgically treated patients with NSCLC.Methods A retrospective analysis was made of 82 patients who underwent complete resection and preoperative FDG PET. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), in addition to five clinicopathological factors and three biomolecular factors, which could possibly influence survival, was compared for possible association with patients' recurrence and survival, by the Log-rank test in univariate analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model in multivariate analysis. The association between SUVmax and other factors was also analyzed. Results Patients with SUVmax more than 11 had a disease-free survival and overall survival shorter than patients with SUVmax less than 11 in univariate analyses (P＜0.001, P=0.002). In the multivariate analysis, SUVmax (dichotomized by 11) was the only significant predictor for tumor recurrence. TNM stage and SUVmax (dichotomized by 11) were independent predictors for the overall survival. Associations of SUVmax with p53 overexpression, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index and microvascular density of the tumor were significant in the entire group. Conclusions 18F-FDG uptake on PET may be used to noninvasively assess biological aggressiveness of NSCLC in vivo, identifying the surgically-treated patients with poor prognosis who could benefit from additional therapy。

Abstract：Background We presented the technique and outcomes of laparoscopic radical cystectomy performed in 28 patients with bladder cancer to evaluate its clinical efficacy and feasibility.Methods Among the 28 patients, aged from 58 to 73 years (mean 68.5 years), 26 were transitional cell carcinoma grads Ⅱ-Ⅲ and 2 squamous carcinoma. Laparoscopic radical cystectomy plus bladder reconstruction was performed in all cases, among them 15 with ileum, 10 with rectum pouch, and 3 with ureterostomy. The operating time, the blood loss, the intestine function and the complications were observed.Results All procedures were successful. The operating times were 7-10 hours, the blood loss was 400-1500 ml (mean 850 ml), the intestine function recovered at 72 hours after operation, and all ureteral catheters were removed at 2 weeks after surgery. The results of intravenous urography were normonal at 3-month, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up aftersurgery.Conclusions Laparoscopic radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer is safe and efficient, with good operating field, reliable hemostasis, mini-invasion, less celiac complications, and rapid recovery. This surgery is worth being extended。

Abstract：Background The increased incidence of pyogenic liver abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) was reported in the recent literature. This study was conducted retrospectively to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of these patients. Methods Microbiological and medical databases of a medical center were searched from January 2000 to June 2003. Eighty-four patients with liver abscess caused by K. pneumoniae were analyzed. Results In the 84 patients, 52 men and 32 women aged (58.2±13.3) years on average, 64.4% had concomitant diabetes mellitus and 23.8% had biliary disease. The most common clinical symptoms were fever (98.8%), chills (69.0%) and abdominal pain (58.3%). 85.7% of the 84 patients received catheter drainage for the abscess. The length of hospital stay was (17.4±8.7) days. The mortality rate was 7.1%. Older age and presence of biliary disease were associated with mortality.Conclusions The Iow mortality of our patients was probably related to the high proportion of patients who received catheter drainage. Older age and presence of biliary disease were associated with the mortality。

Abstract：Background Glutamine, proposed to be conditionally essential for critically ill patients, is not added routinely to parenteral amino acid formulations for premature infants and is provided in only small quantities by the enteral route when enteral feeding is Iow. Parenteral feeding is the basic way of nutrition in the first days of life of premature infants. In this study, we evaluated the effects of glutamine supplemented parenteral nutrition for premature infants on growth and development, feeding toleration, and infective episodes.Methods From December 2002 to July 2006, 53 premature infants were given either standard or glutamine supplemented parenteral nutrition for more than 2 weeks. Twenty-eight infants were in glutamine supplemented group, whose gestational age (31.4±2.0) weeks, birth weight range (1386±251) g; twenty-five infants were in control group, gestational age (31.1 ± 1.7) weeks, with birth weight range (1346± 199) g. There were no differences between the two groups. Various growth and biochemical indices were monitored throughout the duration of hospital stay. Data between groups were analyzed with Student's t test. Nonparametric data were analyzed using a Chi-square test. A two-tailed P value ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results The level of serum albumin was lower in the glutamine groups on the second week (3.0 vs 3.2 g/dl, P=0.028), and blood urea nitrogen was higher in glutamine groups on the fourth week (8.1 vs 4.9 mg/dl, P=0.014), but normal. Glutamine group infants took fewer days to regain birth weight (8.1 vs 10.4 days, P=0.017), required fewer days on parenteral nutrition (24.8 vs 30.8 days, P=0.035), with shorter stays in hospital (32.1 vs 38.6 days, P=0.047). Episodes of hospital acquired infection in glutamine supplemented infants were lower than that in control group (0.96 vs 1.84 times, P=0.000).Conclusion Parenteral glutamine supplementation in premature infants can shorten days on parenteral nutrition and length of stay in hospital, and decrease hospital acquired infection episodes。

Abstract：Background The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in a concordant hamster-to-rat cardiac xenotransplantation model. Methods A hamster-to-rat cardiac transplantation was performed using SD rats as recipients of Golden Syrian hamster hearts. A total of 60 SD rats were divided into four groups and treated as follows: control group (n=15); splenectomy group (n=15); CsA group (n=15); CsA + splenectomy group (n=15). Levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sera were harvested at different time points in each group: day 1, and 3 as well as the day the xenograft stopped beating in the control group and CsA group; day 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 in the splenectomy group and CsA+splenectomy group. The expression of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was examined by immunohistochemical analysis of the xenograft after cardiac xenotransplantation. Results Serum levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ were upregulated in untreated (day 3) and splenectomy-treated animals (day 7) compared to CsA + splenectomy treated animals (day 7). IL-10 was upregulated in long-term survival recipients following splenectomy + CsA. Neither P-selectin nor ICAM-1 expression was detected in long-term survival xenografts. Conclusions Serum IL-2 and IFN-γ were elevated following acute vascular rejection. Serum IL-10 was correlated to immunosuppression and protective effects in long-term survival rats following concordant cardiac xenotransplantation。

Since Professor WANG Zhong-gao's creative work on the systemic treatment of the Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS),1 this debilitating disease has been more and more widely recognized in China. Several large-scale studies of surgery or intervention strategies for treating BCS have been reported.1-4 However, much controversy still remains regarding many aspects of this disease, including its etiology, treatment, and classification. This review explores these controversies with emphasis on areas that merit further study。

Acute myocardial ischaemia is a common acute disease and a common cause of sudden death. However, it is difficult to diagnose in patients who died within 6 hours after the onset of myocardial ischaemia。

Alcohol-induced liver disease is one of the main epidemic problems nowadays. Metadoxine is a pyridoxine-pyrrolidone carboxylate with significant scavenging property. Metadoxine is able to accelerate the elimination of alcohol from the blood and tissues, help restore the functional structure of the liver and relieve neuro-psychological disorders associated with alcohol intoxication.1-3 The purpose of the study was to assay the pharmacokinetics of domestic metadoxine after repeated doses.…… Biography：Correspondence to: Dr. L(U) Yuan, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, First Hospital, Peking University. No38, Xue Yuan Lu, Hai Dian district, Beijing 100083, China (Tel: 86-10-82802374. Fax: 86-10-62072817. Email:ly5275@sohu.com)

Aortic dissection occurs when layers of the aortic walls are separated by the blood flow through an intimal tear. Dissection of the aorta most frequently originates in the ascending aorta (70%), followed by the descending aorta (22%), the aortic arch (7%) and the abdominal aorta (1/%).1 The dissection limited to the abdominal aorta is rare.2 An isolated abdominal aortic dissection (IAAD) concomitant with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is uncommon. We present here one patient with IAAD and AAA treated by endovascular therapy。

Variant angina, first described by Prinzmetal et al1 in 1959, is hypothesized to be caused by transient coronary vasospasm at the site of an atherosclerotic plaque and leading to repetitive episodes of transmural myocardial ischemia。

Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium is a rare form of congenital cardiomyopathy with a high incidence of cardiovascular complications. It frequently manifests in an isolated form, namely isolated noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium. Not only does noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium associate with other congenital cardiac malformations, but also with other neuromuscular disorders. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation of hypogenetic lung with myocardial noncompaction in terms of the clinical course of one of our patients。